1、十五Unit 4Reading for Writing. 单词拼写1. I learned how to adjust myself and stay calm(冷静) in the exam. 2. In China, we wave(挥手) our hands to say “hello” or “goodbye”. 3. Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes(火山), think of the classic cone(圆锥体) shapes of Fuji. 4. Hutongs with different shapes, lengths(
2、长度) and directions, can lead you to anywhere you want. 5. Hurricanes(飓风) have caused a lot of deaths around the world. 6. There is a summary(概括)at the end of each chapter. 7. You should check everyone in your family, and see whether gas pipes(管道)and electric lines are OK. 8. We set out quickly as so
3、on as our PE teacher blew his whistle(哨声). 9. A truck went out of control and crashed(撞击) into the back of a bus. 10. Please turn off taps(水龙头) or electrical appliance as long as we dont use them. . 选词填空on hand, in the open air, have an effect on, sweep away, carry out, stay calm, stand at, stay awa
4、y from1. Many families have been left homeless after their houses were swept away by flood. 2. Scientific research has been carried out on how to improve the traffic jam. 3. Youd better stay away from people who are rude. 4. The volunteers are always on hand to help when you go on a trip. 5. It is s
5、aid that the number of the deaths caused by the wildfire stands at 36. 6. The weather and rainfall have an effect on the growth of this kind of flower. 7. You must stay calm when you find yourself in danger. 8. It was so hot in the room that they decided to have their supper in the open air. . 完成句子1
6、. Though badly injured, he survived the accident. (survive)尽管受伤很严重, 但是他在事故中活了下来。2. My English teacher always aided/aids me in improving my spoken English. (aid)我的英语老师总是帮助我提升我的口语。3. It suddenly struck me that I had left my luggage at the airport when I arrived home. (strike)我回到家的时候突然想起我把行李忘在机场了。4. Th
7、e new traffic law will come into effect next month, which will have a great effect on our life. (effect)新的交通规则将于下个月实施, 这将对我们的生活有巨大的影响。5. I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. 在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝, 电话铃就响了。6. They think boarding will make it possible to make full use of night time
8、 to study. 他们认为住校可以使充分利用晚上的时间进行学习成为可能。. 阅读理解A(2021武汉高一检测)Since September about 11m hectares of Australia have been in flames. This years fires are the worst on record, with at least 26 people dead, about half-billion animals burned alive, and over 2, 300 homes destroyed. Australians of all species a
9、re suffering the most. But the fires have serious consequences for the rest of the world, too. New Zealand, one of Australias closest neighbors, is feeling the effects of the bushfires. The most important effect of the fires might be on the countrys glaciers, about which Helen Clark, New Zealands fo
10、rmer prime minister, tweeted: “Australian bushfires have created haze in New Zealand with particular impact on the South Island yesterday and now spreading more widely. Impact of ash on glaciers is likely to speed melting. ” Melting glaciers could open up a future none of us wants to suffer. Theres
11、no such thing as weather that happens in isolation. As a recent Forbes article reports, fires have the potential to not only block visibility for airplanes, grounding them, but to create pockets of hotter or colder air, or create situations where the weather is increasingly less stablealthough no on
12、e is yet certain how far from the Australian continent those effects might wander, or how harmful they may prove to be. In addition to coal, Australia also exports all kinds of agricultural productslike beef and woolparticularly to Asian countries including China and Japan. But what happens when the
13、 land it uses to grow all that food and fiber is destroyed by fire? Obviously, no more goods to export, which creates a huge problem in the international supply chain. Thanks to globalization, pretty much no country eats only the food it grows. What happens to the global food supply as agricultural
14、land in Australia and other export nations burns to a crisp? 【文章大意】本文主要从新西兰冰川的融化、周边国家气候变化和世界农产品出口三个方面介绍了自2019年9月开始的澳洲山火对世界造成的巨大影响。1. What can we learn about the Australian bushfires? A. Theyve left most of Australian land in flames. B. Theyve speeded the melting of glaciers. C. They will certainly c
15、reate hotter air. D. No one is certain how harmful their effects will be on climate. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中最后一句可知, 没有人能够确定这些影响会蔓延至澳洲之外多远的地方, 也无人能证实影响有多严重。由此可知, 没有人确定澳大利亚的森林大火对气候的影响有多大。故选D。2. Whats the authors attitude towards the future of the global food supply? A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Concerned
16、. D. Indifferent. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“当澳洲和其他出口国的耕地都被烧得精光时, 全球食物供应会发生什么变化? ”可推知, 作者是在担心全球食物供应。故选C。3. What is the best title for the text? A. The Effects of the Australian Bushfires on Climate ChangeB. Australian Bushfires: a Big Disaster to the CountryC. What the Australian Bushfires Mean for the
17、 Rest of the World? D. Why the Australian Bushfires Affect the Rest of the World? 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第一段But the fires have serious consequences for the rest of the world, too. “但是大火也对世界其他地区造成了严重的后果。”以及文章主要介绍大火对世界其他地方造成的影响可知, C选项“澳大利亚的森林大火对世界其他地方意味着什么? ”适合做本文的最佳标题。故选C。B(2021黄冈高一检测)As wildfires continued
18、to sweep across Australia, the loss of life in the area was reaching astonishing numbers. Ecologists (生态学家) at the University of Sydney said that nearly half a billion animals and plants had been wiped out since the fires began several months ago. Images and videos from the area showed kangaroos try
19、ing to escape from burning forests and charred (烧焦的) bodies of koalas lying on the ground. Koalas, which had been already under threat because of significant habitat loss, were hit particularly hard compared with other animals. Ecologists said nearly 8, 000 koalasabout one-third of the population in
20、 their primary habitat were believed to have died from the big fires. Professor Dieter Hochuli from the University of Sydney said it wasnt just the well-known species, such as kangaroos, koalas and emus(鸸鹋), that were in danger. Insects also suffered losses. Additionally, many rare plant species mig
21、ht have disappeared completely. While animal hospitals were taking in as many animals as possible to treat burns and nursed them back to health, services had overall struggled to keep up with the amount of care needed. And the animals that had survived would have trouble finding food and shelters am
22、ong the ongoing flames, so they were still in a dangerous situation. “Were getting a lot of lessons out of this and its just showing how unprepared we are, ” Dr. Sussan Ley said. “Now Australia is burning and national parks and our native animals are being destroyed. People have lost homes. People h
23、ave died. Firefighters have been killed defending communities, most recently last night. Theres no protocols (拟定草案) in place even wildlife carers dont have protocols for when they can go in after fire. Its our national government that is failing us. ”【文章大意】文章主要讲述了发生在澳大利亚的野火导致了近5亿的动物和植物死亡。4. Whats th
24、e purpose of the second paragraph? A. To explain why there were so many rare animals in Australia. B. To show the terrible effect Australian wildfires had on species. C. To further confirm Professor Dieter Hochulis unique opinion. D. To warn people to take good care of wild animals and plants. 【解析】选
25、B。推理判断题。根据第二段中第一句可知, 由于栖息地的大量丧失, 考拉受到的威胁比其他动物要严重得多。由最后两句可知昆虫也遭受了损失。此外, 许多稀有植物物种可能已经完全消失。因此第二段的目的是展示澳大利亚野火对物种的可怕影响。故选B。5. Why were the animals still in danger after surviving the fire? A. They failed to recover from serious burns. B. They might be hunted by people for food. C. They were short of food
26、 and shelters. D. They were unable to get nursing services. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中最后一句可知, 幸存下来的动物很难在持续的大火中找到食物和避难所, 所以它们仍然处于危险的境地。故选C。6. What is Dr. Sussan Leys attitude towards the national governments deed? A. Supportive. B. Unconcerned. C. Doubtful. D. Dissatisfied. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“甚至野生动物饲养员
27、在火灾后什么时候可以进入园内也没有相关规定。是我们的国家政府辜负了我们。”可推知, Sussan Ley是在责备政府没有出台应对方案, 对政府表示不满。故选D。7. What is the main idea of the text? A. Many rare animal species might have disappeared. B. Measures should be taken to prevent Australian wildfires. C. Australian wildfires killed nearly half a billion animals and plan
28、ts. D. Ecologists have made great efforts to find the causes of wildfires. 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据整篇文章内容, 尤其是第一段中第二句, 自几个月前大火开始以来, 已有近5亿动物和植物被消灭。可知, 本文主要讲述了澳大利亚的大火导致了近5亿的动物和植物死亡, 因此选项C“澳大利亚的野火导致近5亿动植物死亡。”符合题意。故选C。【长难句分析】Koalas, which had been already under threat because of significant habitat loss, were hi
29、t particularly hard compared with other animals. 分析: 本句是一个复合句。句中which引导非限制性定语从句, because of significant habitat loss为原因状语。翻译: 由于栖息地的丧失已经处于威胁之中的考拉, 与其他动物相比受到了极大的打击。C(2021洛阳高一检测)There is no way to stop hurricane or make it change direction, so if you ever find yourself in the path of hurricane, be sur
30、e to follow any emergency procedures(紧急程序)that your community has in place. Here are some other hurricane safety tips. Be sure you have a battery-powered radio, batteries, fresh drinking water and a supply of food. Also, if anyone in your family needs special medication(药物), be sure you have full su
31、pply. Tell neighbours, friends and family members your emergency plans. Tell them where youll go if you need to leave your home. If you live near the ocean, in low-lying area, or in a mobile home, leave your home and travel inland to a safe place. You could stay with a friend or family member, in an
32、 inland hotel or motel, or in an emergency shelter area. Keep listening to the radio if a hurricane is approaching. If local authorities instruct you to evacuate, do it immediately. Before a hurricane arrives, be sure your familys car is filled with fuel. If the electricity goes out, the fuel pumps
33、at gas stations will not work. Stay inside during the storm. You could be seriously injured if you go outside. You should always take good care of your pets and keep them indoors during a storm. If you have to evacuate your home, remember that pets are not allowed in most emergency shelters and hote
34、l rooms. If you leave pets behind, be sure you set out plenty of food and water for them. Also, be sure theyre wearing a collar with your familys name and phone number on it. 【文章大意】本文介绍了面对飓风时我们应如何保障自己的安全。8. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. How to keep safe when facing a hurricane. B. How
35、to change the direction of a hurricane. C. The food and water supply during a hurricane. D. The place to stay during a hurricane. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。由本文第一段中“没有办法使飓风停止或者改变方向, 如果遇到飓风, 一定要遵循你所在社区准备的紧急程序。”以及下文介绍的一些其他的飓风安全提示的内容可知, 本文主要讲了面对飓风时如何安全应对。故选A。9. It is better for you to. A. give your pets to your neig
36、hbourB. always stay together with your petsC. leave enough food and water for your petsD. make sure your pets remember your name【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“If you leave pets behind, be sure you set out plenty of food and water for them. ”(如果你把宠物留下, 确保你为它们准备了大量的食物和水。)可知, 你最好为你的宠物留下充足的食物和水。故选C。10. Which of th
37、e following statements is true according to the passage? A. Make a proper plan with your family before the hurricane. B. Find a doctor to get special treatment after the hurricane. C. Listen to the radio for useful information about the hurricane. D. Travel to a safer place in your car during the st
38、orm. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章“Keep listening to the radio if a hurricane is approaching. If local authorities instruct you to evacuate, do it immediately. ”(如果飓风要来临, 保持收听收音机。如果当地政府指导你撤离, 立刻去做。)可知, 收听收音机中关于飓风的有用的信息是正确的。故选C。. 语法填空(2021烟台高一检测)In the late April 2014, a violent storm swept through the southern
39、Unite States, 1. (destroy) more than $1 billion in property and killing 35 people. But a group of migratory birds in eastern Tennessee sensed the oncoming mess and left long before the first clouds arrived. A year earlier, the team had tagged golden-winged warblers(莺) with leg trackers 2. (study) th
40、eir annual migrations to South America. Two days before the storms 3. (strike), five golden-winged warblers slipped away traveling nearly 700 kilometers from south to the Florida coast. It is the first time that the birds which normally migrate with the seasons 4. (observe) to slip away when a big s
41、torm hits. The researchers suspect this 5. (behave) occurs only when the threat of injury outweighs the energy costs of a long trip. But nobody knows 6. the birds guessed the storms severity and left so soon. 7. (Puzzle)by it, the scientists initially reasoned that delicate changes in weather-atmosp
42、heric pressure, temperature, wind speed, cloud cover, or rainfall signaled the upcoming disaster. Yet when they checked weather records, none of these factors waved 8. (significant) before the storm. Instead, the team assumes that the approaching storms created 9. disorder of infrasoundslow-frequenc
43、y sound waves that bird can hear 10. humans cant. 【文章大意】本文主题是聪明的鸟类。一次风暴造成了巨大的损失, 但是一群鸟却在风暴来临之前就飞走了。研究人员通过研究发现即将来临的风暴造成了次声波、低频声波的紊乱, 鸟类可以听到这些异常从而避免遭受灾难。1. 【解析】destroying。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 空处应填非谓语动词, 此处表示的是自然的结果, 故应用现在分词作结果状语。故填destroying。2. 【解析】to study。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知, 此处应用不定式作目的状语, 表示该小组用腿部追踪器标记金翼莺的
44、目的是研究它们每年向南美洲迁徙的情况。故填to study。3. 【解析】struck。考查时态。第一段主要介绍的是2014年发生的事情, 故用一般过去时。strike的过去式是struck。故填struck。4. 【解析】have been observed。考查时态。分析句子可知, 本句是“Its the first time that +从句”句式, 故从句应用现在完成时, 且the birds和observe之间是动宾关系。所以此处用现在完成时的被动语态have been done。注意从句中的“which normally migrate with the seasons”是whic
45、h引导的定语从句, 修饰birds。故填have been observed。5. 【解析】behavior。考查词性转换。分析句子可知, suspect后是宾语从句, 且this在从句中作主语, this后应用名词形式, 且由空后的第三人称单数形式occurs可知应填单数形式, 故填behavior。6. 【解析】how。考查宾语从句。句意: 没有人知道这些鸟是怎么知道风暴的严重性的。分析句子可知, 空处引导的是宾语从句, 且空处在从句中作方式状语, 故用how来引导。故填how。7. 【解析】Puzzled。考查非谓语动词。分析句子及空后的by可知, puzzle与逻辑主语the scie
46、ntists是动宾关系。应用-ed形式的分词作状语。故填Puzzled。8. 【解析】significantly。考查副词。修饰动词waved应用副词形式。故填significantly。9. 【解析】a。考查冠词。分析句子可知, 此处泛指“一种紊乱”, 故应用不定冠词, 且disorder是发音以辅音音素开头的单词, 所以用a。故填a。10. 【解析】but/while。考查连词。句意: 鸟能听见这种声音, 而人类听不见, 前后文是转折关系, 故应用but/while表示转折。故填but/while。. 应用文写作(2021定州高一检测)近几年全球地震频发。地震会造成包括房屋倒塌、人员伤亡等
47、在内的一系列可怕后果。因此在发生地震时如何保护自己成为了一个重要的话题。请你以“How to Survive in an Earthquake”为题写一篇文章。内容要点: 1. 地震来临时不要慌张。如果在室外请远离大树、高楼、高压线等物; 2. 如果在室内, 要尽量躲在桌子等坚固的家具下面, 并注意保护好头部、颈部; 3. 逃生时不要选择乘坐电梯。注意: 1. 词数80个左右; 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。How to Survive in an Earthquake_【参考范文】How to Survive in an EarthquakeEarthquakes have happ
48、ened in many places recently, causing significant damage. So how to keep safe during an earthquake has become an important issue. Here are some guidelines. Above all, dont be nervous and try to keep calm. If you are outdoors, its necessary to get into an open area away from trees, buildings, walls,
49、power lines and anything else that might fall on you. If you are indoors, quickly move to a safe place such as under a strong desk. Cover your head and neck with your arms to protect yourself from falling objects. Finally, never use the lift. Actually we can reduce the damage that earthquakes bring
50、us if we take right measures. 阅读填句(2021桂林高一检测)Earthquake can strike without warning. But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented if people follow these safety tips. If youre inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is
51、 to try to leave a building. But do remember: do it carefully. 1. So do it as follows: Drop to the ground. Get under an object (物体) that is not easily damaged. Hold on to it until the shaking stops. You can also get to a corner formed by two walls with your arms over your hand. If youre in bed when
52、the quake hits, stay there and protect your head with a pillow. 2. You can go to the park, playground or fields near your house. Dont take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, b
53、ridges or anything else that might fall or collapse beneath you. 3. If you are trapped in ruins, cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of clothing. Use your cell phone to call for help if possible. Dont shout. 4. Tap (敲) on a pipe or the wall so rescuers can find you. Be prepared for after
54、shocks. 5. However, sometimes they even happen months later. Therefore, if you are not in a safe position (位置) after the first shock, you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place. A. Dont move about or kick up dust. B. If youre outside, go to an open space. C. Shouting can cause you to bre
55、athe in dust. D. Dont park your car under a tree or any tall object. E. Take a good hold of your cell phone in the building. F. Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. G. They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake. 【文章大意】文章介绍了为了预防像地震这样的自然灾害所造成的伤害和死亡, 人们应该遵守的一些安全
56、常识。1. 【解析】选F。比较设空句所在段落的If youre inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building. 和选项F. Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. 可知, F项中的 injuries , inside buildings , try to go out是关键词, 与dangerous, inside a
57、building, try to leave a building意思一致, 故选项F“当楼里的人想办法要出去的时候, 大多数的伤亡就会发生”能够承接上句, 故选F。2. 【解析】选B。设空句为段首句。总领全段, 启领下文。由下文可知, 本段告诉读者可以去公园、操场或田野, 不要在树、路灯、电杆和楼下躲避, 如果你在开车, 要尽快停车, 远离立交桥、大楼、桥梁和任何能在你下方倒塌的地方。也就是: 如果你在外面, 要到一个开阔的地方。选项B切题, 故选B。3. 【解析】选D。设空句前有句型Dont. . . 且设空句为段尾句, 总结上文, 上文是如果你在开车, 要尽快停车, 远离立交桥、大楼、桥梁和任何能在你下方倒塌的地方。选项D也是Dont. . . 句型, 意为: 不要把车停在大树或任何高的物体下面。选项D句型结构与上文一样, 且语义承接上文, 切题, 故选D。4. 【解析】选C。设空句前有词汇shout, 词汇复现, 选项C中Shouting符合。且选项C意为: 大声呼喊会使你吸入灰尘。承接上句, 切题, 故选C。5. 【解析】选G。本段的段首“为余震做好准备。”是本段的主题句, 选项G. 余震在地震后的最初几个小时里就有可能发生。是对主题句的说明, 且能和设空句的下一句构成转折关系, 选项G切题, 故选G。
