1、江苏省射阳县第二中学2020至2021学年度高一年级下期期初考试英语试卷一、 阅读理解(15*2.5分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASeveral years ago, I began asking my friends and family to tell me something about their passwords. Yes, I understand why passwords are universally hated: the pressure they put on our memory and the endless demand t
2、o update them. I hate them too. But there is more to passwords than their annoyance. In the fact that we construct them so that we can remember them, they take on secret lives.There was a former prisoner whose password includes what used to be his prison ID number to constantly tell him not to go ba
3、ck. And there was a childless 45-year-old woman whose password is the name of the baby she lost in her 25 (her way of trying to keep him alive, I guess).Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several people said they used “incorrect” for theirs so that when they forgot it, the software automatically
4、promoted them with the right one (“your password is incorrect”).Some passwords were striking for their uniqueness. After reading Sheryl Sandbergs book Lean in: Women, Work and the Will to Lead, Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, found her role model and began using “Wwssdol9”, which stood for “
5、What would Sheryl Sandberg do” plus “19” for the year (2019) of the passwords creation. “TnsitTpsif” was the password of another friend, a computer scientist who loves wordplay. It stood for “The next sentence is true. The previous sentence is false”. For my friend, it was a playful reference to the
6、 knots that language can tie.The 4622 that my wife used in her passwords was not just the address of her fathers childhood home but also a reminder of his strength. Apparently, when the former 120 kg football standout was a small boy, he had to sing his home address (4622 South 28th West Avenue) in
7、one full breath rather than try to say it normally. Otherwise, his stutter (口吃) would embarrass him.1. Why did the prisoner use his prison ID number in his password?A. To rebuild his reputation.B. To remind him to act legally.C. To fight against his poor memory.D. To hide the unpleasant experience.2
8、. What did Cortni Kerr think of Sheryl Sandbergs book?A. Doubtful.B. Interesting.C. Creative.D. Inspiring.3. What might be the best title for the text?A. The reasons why people hate passwordsB. The unusual passwordsC. The secret lives of passwordsD. The best ways to make your passwords unique【答案】1.
9、B 2. D 3. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中There was a former prisoner whose password includes what used to be his prison ID number to constantly tell him not to go back.可知，这名坐过牢的囚犯用自己的监狱身份证号作为密码主要是提醒自己不要回到过去（不在犯罪）。因此，B选项To remind him to act legally.(提醒自己
10、遵纪守法)正确。故选B。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, found her role model and began using “Wwssdol9”, which stood for “What would Sheryl Sandberg do” plus “19” for the year (2019) of the passwords creation.可知，Cortni Kerr读完Sheryl Sandbergs book的书后，找到到了自己的榜样，由此判断出Cortni Kerr认为Sheryl S
11、andberg的书很激励人心。A. Doubtful.怀疑的；B. Interesting.有趣的；C. Creative.有创造力的；D. Inspiring.激励人心的。故选D。【3题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。选项C. The secret lives of passwords.“密码里的人生秘密”为短文的最佳标题。故选C。BGuess what former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and
12、United States president Donald Trumps granddaughter, Arabella Kushner, have in common? They both study Chinese as a second language.Although Chinese is known as one of the hardest languages to learn, a lot of people from different backgrounds are studying it with hopes of big benefits.Nov 2 saw more
13、 than 120 people, coming from 105 countries, compete in the finals of the 12th “Chinese Bridge” Chinese Proficiency Competition for foreign secondary school students. Held in Zhengzhou, Henan province, the finals was mainly made up of speech contests and talent shows. The contestants also visited th
14、e Shaolin Temple, Longmen Grottoes and other historical sites in Henan.While reasons for learning Chinese were different, a common one was interest in the countrys rich culture and rapid development.Raissa, 17, from the Union of the Comoros, developed a strong emotional connection with China after h
15、er grandmother was cured by doctors of the Chinese medical team in Africa three years ago. This led her to learn Chinese at a local Confucius Institute.Fascinated by Chinese culture, the competitor has taken part in activities on traditional Chinese medicine and folk arts during her first trip to Ch
16、ina. “My dream is to study medicine in China so that I could cure patients like the Chinese doctors did,” she said.For Fekete Marcell Zoltan, 17, from the Hungarian-Chinese Bilingual School, studying Chinese may secure him a future job as a Hungarian diplomat(外交官) to China. “After graduation from hi
17、gh school, I would like to further my studies in China,” he said.Robert Davis, director of the Chinese-language program in Chicagos public school system, may give you a hint. “Chinese isnt the new French. Its the new English, which is widely used all over the world.” he told CGTN.4. Why are Mark Zuc
18、kerberg and Arabella Kushner mentioned in paragraph one?A. To show Chinese is popular.B To introduce them to the readers.C. To tell the readers they love China.D. To stress the importance of learning Chinese.5. The underlined word Fascinated in paragraph 6 can be replaced by _.A. Attracted.B. Employ
19、ed.C. Inspected.D. Appreciated.6. What is the common reason for the competitors to learn Chinese?A. Its easy to learn.B. They want to become a doctor.C. They hope for a good job after graduation.D. They have interest in Chinese culture and rapid development.7. What is Robert Davis attitude to learni
20、ng Chinese?A. Doubtful.B. Supportive.C. Indifferent.D. Upset.【答案】4. A 5. A 6. D 7. B【解析】【分析】本文为说明文，文章主要介绍了汉语变得越来越受欢迎这一现象。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句They both study Chinese as a second language.文章提到前澳大利亚的首相Kevin Rudd, 脸谱 CEO Mark Zuckerberg and 川普的孙女 Arabella Kushner,是为了突出他们都在学汉语，从而表明汉语很流行，所以选A。【5题详解】词义猜测题
21、。根据第六段Fascinated by Chinese culture, the competitor has taken part in activities on traditional Chinese medicine and folk arts during her first trip to China.可知是由于被中国文化吸引，参赛者参加各种有关中医以及民间艺术的活动，所以fascinated表示吸引，所以选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段While reasons for learning Chinese were different, a common one was
22、 interest in the countrys rich culture and rapid development. 可知这些参赛者们学习汉语的共同原因是他们对中国文化和发展感兴趣，所以选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Robert Davis说的“Chinese isnt the new French. Its the new English, which is widely used all over the world.” 可知他认为汉语将会像英语一样在全世界广泛应用，所以他对学习汉语的态度是支持的，所以选B。CWhen I was a small boy, I not
23、iced that though many of the adults around me were wealthy and educated, they were not always happy and this sometimes led them to behave in ways, which I, as a child, thought strange. As a result of that, I decided to try to understand what happiness was and how best to achieve it. It was not surpr
24、ising, then, that I decided to study psychology.On arrival at the university, I was disappointed to find that academic psychologists were trying to understand human behaviour by studying rats in a lab. I felt that there must be other more useful ways of learning how we think and feel. I decided to b
25、uild my career on trying to discover what made others happy. I started out by studying creative people such as musicians, artists and athletes because they were people who devoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do, rather than things that just brought them financial rewards.Later, I expand
26、ed the study by inventing a system called “the experience sampling method”. Ordinary people were asked to keep an electronic pager(传呼机) for a week which gave out a beeping sound eight times a day. Every time it did so, they wrote down where they were, what they were doing, how they felt and how much
27、 they were concentrating. This system has now been used on more than 10，000 people, and the answers are consistent: as with creative people, ordinary people are happiest when concentrating hard.I found that the most obvious cause of happiness is intense concentration. This must be the main reason wh
28、y activities such as music, art, literature, sports and other forms of leisure have survived. In order to concentrate, whether youre reading a poem or building a sandcastle, what you need is a challenge that matches your ability. The way to remain continually happy, therefore, is to keep finding new
29、 opportunities to improve your skills. This may mean learning to do your job better or faster, or doing other more difficult jobs. As you grow older, you have to find new challenges which are more appropriate to your age.8. What led the author to study psychology?A. His determination to become rich.
30、B. His observation of adults.C. His unhappy childhood.D. His interest in strangers.9. Who were the authors study subjects at the start of his career?A. People having deep affection for their career.B. People very aware of their personal life.C. People successful in acquiring wealth.D. People with mo
31、re freedom.10. The author used his system to show that _A. peoples happiness depends on who they are withB. people are happier when they focus on an activityC. creative people are happier than ordinary peopleD. ordinary people find it hard to concentrate11. According to the text, people concentrate
32、more when they are doing _A. something strange and enjoyableB. things appropriate to their agesC. something difficult but possibleD. many things at the same time【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过研究发现高度的集中会保持快乐。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When I was a small boy, I noticed that though many of the
33、adults around me were wealthy and educated, they were not always happy and this sometimes led them to behave in ways, which I, as a child, thought strange.”（当我还是个小男孩时，我就注意到，虽然我周围的成年人中有许多是富有和受过良好教育的，但他们并不总是快乐的，这有时会导致他们的某些行为，令我作为一个孩子感到奇怪。）以及第一段“It was not surprising, then, that I decided to study psyc
34、hology.”（因此，我决定学习心理学也就不足为奇了。）可推断，作者对成年人的观察促使他研究心理学。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I started out by studying creative people such as musicians, artists and athletes because they were people who devoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do, rather than things that just brought them financial rewards.
35、”（我从研究有创造力的人开始，比如音乐家、艺术家和运动员，因为他们是那些献身于他们想做的事情的人，而不是那些只给他们带来经济回报的事情。）可推断，作者职业生涯之初的研究对象是对自己的事业有深厚感情的人。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“This system has now been used on more than 10，000 people, and the answers are consistent: as with creative people, ordinary people are happiest when concentrating hard.”（这个系
36、统现在已经在1万多人身上使用，答案是一致的:和有创造力的人一样，普通人在努力集中精力时最快乐。）可知，作者用他的系统来说明当人们专注于一项活动时，他们会更快乐。故选B项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ In order to concentrate, whether youre reading a poem or building a sandcastle, what you need is a challenge that matches your ability.(无论是读诗还是建沙堡，为了让你集中注意力，你所需要的是一个与你能力相匹配的挑战。)”和“This may mea
37、n learning to do your job better or faster, or doing other more difficult jobs.As you grow older, you have to find new challenges which are more appropriate to your age.”（这可能意味着要学会把你的工作做得更好更快，或者做其他更困难的工作。随着年龄的增长，你必须找到更适合你年龄的新挑战。）可知，人们在做具有一定难度但又是自己能力所及的事情时精神最集中。故选C项。DHave you ever wondered why certai
38、n pop songs just make you feel so good? Researchers studying the question found that uncertainty and surprise give listeners the most pleasure. The study included 80,000 chords (和弦) in 745 pop songs between 1958 and 1991.Each song was stripped of its melody (旋律) and lyrics (歌词) so that only chords w
39、ere left and the results couldnt be misunderstood by other imaginations of the songs that listeners might have had.They found two things. Listeners got great pleasure from unexpected chords when they knew what would happen. However, they still found it pleasant to hear familiar chords when they did
40、not know what would follow.Vincent Cheung, the lead researcher, said, “Pleasant songs are likely those which keep a good balance (平衡) between knowing what is going to happen next and surprising us with something we did not expect. Understanding how music starts our pleasure system in the brain could
41、 explain why listening to music might help us feel better when we are feeling blue.”Cheung told CNN that pleasure in music is connected to expectation. The study before had looked into the effects of surprise on pleasure, but his teams study also paid attention to the uncertainty of listeners expect
42、ations.12. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Taken.B. Added.C. Played.D. Recorded.13. What does the study find?A. Expected music is exciting.B. Unexpected chords bring pleasure.C. Familiar music is boring.D. Unfamiliar chords are hard to follow.14. What can we learn about pleasant
43、 songs from Cheungs words?A. They can explain human nature.B. They can improve our pleasure system.C. They make some people feel blue.D. They balance expectation and surprise.15. What is the purpose of the text?A. To introduce a scientific studys finding.B. To show musics importance in our life.C To
44、 compare different studies on music.D. To experiment music in science.【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。听流行音乐为什么让人愉悦？研究人员发现，恰到好处地融合不确定和惊奇因素是让倾听者感到愉悦的原因。文章介绍了这一项研究发现。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词后文so that only chords were left and the results couldnt be misunderstood by other imaginations of the songs
45、that listeners might have had.(这样只留下和弦进行曲式，这样结果便不会因为歌曲其他元素可能给听众造成的影响而偏离)可知，前文意为“每首歌都去掉了旋律和歌词”，所以划线词的意思是“去除，从（某处）拿走所有东西”。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段They found two things. Listeners got great pleasure from unexpected chords when they knew what would happen. However, they still found it pleasant to hear fam
46、iliar chords when they did not know what would follow.可知，他们发现了两件事。当听众知道会发生什么事时，他们会从意料之外的和弦中获得极大的乐趣。然而，当他们不知道接下来会发生什么时，听到熟悉的和弦还是很愉快的。由此可知，研究发现“意料之外的和弦带来快乐。”故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的Pleasant songs are likely those which keep a good balance (平衡) between knowing what is going to happen next and surprisin
47、g us with something we did not expect.可知，令人愉快的歌曲可能是那些在知道接下来会发生什么和用我们没有预料到的事情给我们带来惊喜之间保持良好平衡的歌曲。由此可知，我们可以从Cheung的歌词中了解到令人愉快的歌曲平衡期待和惊喜。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Have you ever wondered why certain pop songs just make you feel so good? Researchers studying the question found that uncertainty and surprise
48、give listeners the most pleasure.可知，你有没有想过为什么某些流行歌曲让你感觉那么好？研究这个问题的研究人员发现，不确定性和意外带给听众最大的快乐。由此可知，这篇文章的目的是为了介绍一项科学研究发现。故选A。二、七选五(5*2.5分)China has been the birthplace of many of the worlds greatest inventions. It was, for example, the first country to produce paper money. Before the invention of paper m
49、oney and coins, people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling. _16_ This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering._17_ In 1200 BC, people in China began to use shells (贝壳) as money. Usually the shells used as money were very small. This made
50、 it easier for people to carry money over long distances, and allowed for trade to develop between different parts of the country.In the years which followed this invention, many other countries around the world began to do the same. _18_The next development was in 1000 BC, when China started making
51、 bronze and copper shells. It wasnt long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal. _19_ By 500 BC, metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece, and later in the Roman Empire.About 1,000 years later, leather was used as money in China, and in 806 AD, the first paper ba
52、nknotes were produced by the Chinese people. _20_A. People also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs.B. During that time, for example, buying a chicken might cost several potatoes.C. It was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe.D. However, as economies developed, such exch
53、anges became impractical.E. They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.F. As time went by, trade between countries increased.G. The first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together.【答案】16. B 17. D 18. E 19. G 20. C【解析】【分析】本文属于历史知识。主要讲述了中国是世界上许多伟大发明的发源地。文中
54、介绍了货币的发展过程，由实物交换到贝壳货币再到金属圆硬币，最后发明了纸币，成为世界上第一个运用纸币的国家。【16题详解】考查对上下文理解和推理判断能力。句意：在纸币和硬币发明之前，人们用许多不同的东西来买卖。例如，在那期间，买一只鸡可能要用一些土豆来（交换）。分析句意可知，在纸币发明前人们用实物来买卖，分析句子可知F项During that time, for example, buying a chicken might cost several potatoes.就是那个时代的一个例子。故选B。【17题详解】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据下文的内容可知，在公元前1200年中国人开始
55、使用贝壳作为货币，这就很容易携带钱到远方。所以上一段提到的用实物的方式不方便，不实用。分析选项可知B项However, as economies developed, such exchanges became impractical.承上启下，故选D项。【18题详解】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上句内容，在这项发明之后的几年里，世界上许多其他国家也开始这样做，即就是也使用贝壳来作为货币。分析选项可知D项（They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.）符合题意，故选E。【19题详解】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断
56、能力。根据本空的上下文内容可知，这时货币出现了新的发展，即出现金属货币。分析选项可知，G项The first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together.（最早的硬币上常有洞，以便人们可以把它们串在一起）与本段coins,有多处同词的复现。G项符合题意，故选G。【20题详解】考查对上下文理解和推理判断能力。本段主要讲述了纸币最早出现在中国。前一句说“在公元806年，最初的纸币是由中国人制作的。”分析选项可知C项It was still many years before paper curren
57、cy appeared in Europe.有词paper currency的复现，很多年后纸币才在欧洲出现。C项符合题意，故选C项。【点睛】七选五题型解题技巧该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）；过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。正确的解题思路分为两步：（1）首当其冲看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，了解文章大意。（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。如
58、第2、3、4小题主要根据空格前后两句而得出的。（3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。此外要通过句子的逻辑关系或句子的标点来判断该句在文章的位置。正确选项的特点：复现，包括同义反复，反义反复（，如第4 和第5小题都有同一个词的复现）。（4）解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however 等。三、 完形填空(15*2) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。As a young boy, Britains great form
59、er Prime Minister(首相), Sir Winston Churchill attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student and nearly _21_ from the school for breaking the rules. _22_, he did finish his schoolwork and his mistakes there did not prevent him from going on to a university. He even really had an ar
60、my experience, for which he was later elected _23_. He achieved it for his wisdom and courage. Because he once refused to _24_ during the painful days of World War . His amazing determination helped inspire his entire nation and was an _25_ worldwide.Towards the end of his period as prime minister,
61、he was _26_ to make a speech to the students at his old school. When the great day arrived, Sir Winston Churchill gave his short, clearcut speech：“Young man, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never！”Another _27_ example is Sandra Day OConnor who fought to achieve her
62、best education. Graduating at the top of her class, she worked her _28_ into Stanford Law School, where she graduated with _29_. Though working hard, she was _30_ a woman in the 1950s. She was refused by many law firms _31_ they preferred to hire a less qualified(有资格的) man _32_ a great woman lawyer.
63、 Yet she refused to give up on her dreams. With great efforts her dream finally came true.Just like Churchill and Sandra, they stand for those who never give up. _33_， many people in our daily life simply say they want something but without making efforts. Instead, they let the fear of failure stop
64、them from trying. As a wise saying goes: “Its not how many times you fall down that _34_. Its how many times you get back up that makes success！” With hard work, _35_ and preparation, you can overcome any difficulty and achieve success.21. A. removedB. replacedC. returnedD. refused22. A. ThankfullyB
65、. BrieflyC. PersonallyD. Carefully23. A. doctorB. ministerC. workerD. teacher24. A. give outB. give offC. give inD. give away25. A. interviewB. informationC. introductionD. inspiration26. A. requiredB. succeededC. invitedD. ordered27. A. familiarB. similarC. practicalD. different28. A. routeB. power
66、C. wayD. path29. A. heightsB. harvestsC. humourD. honours30. A. stillB. neverC. onceD. hardly31. A. whenB. asC. althoughD. if32. A. other thanB. more thanC. rather thanD. less than33. A. ThereforeB. HoweverC. BesidesD. Again34. A. deservesB. affectsC. amazesD. matters35. A. imaginationB. creativityC
67、. interestD. determination【答案】21. A 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. D【解析】【分析】本文为夹叙夹议文。主要通过丘吉尔和桑德拉的例子向我们证明了成功需要有决心，并且为之付出努力。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不是一名好学生，差点因为违反学校纪律被学校开除。A. removed移除，开除；B. replaced 取代；C. returned 返回，归还；D. refused拒绝。根据句子中“breaking the ru
68、les”可知，违反纪律要被开除。故选A项。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，他完成了学业，他在学校犯的错误并没有阻止他上大学。A. Thankfully 感激地；B. Briefly 简洁地；C. Personally 个人地；D. Carefully小心地。根据后文“he did finish his schoolwork and his mistakes there did not prevent him from going on to a university.”可知，他最终还是上了大学，这是一件幸运的事情，用thankfully符合语境。故选A项。【23题详解】考查名词
69、词义辨析。句意：他甚至真的有过参军的经历，为此他后来被选为首相。A. doctor 医生；B. minister首相； C. worker 工人；D. teacher老师。根据句意和丘吉尔的背景可知他被选为了英国首相。故选B项。【24题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：因为在第二次世界大战痛苦的日子里，他曾经拒绝屈服。A. give out分发，用光；B. give off 发出；C. give in 屈服；D. give away赠送。根据 “His amazing determination” 可知，他拒绝投降，勇气可嘉，故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的决心帮助鼓舞了整
70、个民族，还鼓舞了世界。A. interview 采访；B. information信息； C. introduction 介绍；D. inspiration鼓舞。根据前句“His amazing determination helped inspire his entire nation”可知，此处应填鼓舞。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他的首相任期即将结束时，他应约向他母校的学生发表演讲。A. required需要； B. succeeded 成功；C. invited 邀请；D. ordered命令。根据“make a speech to the students at
71、 his old school.”可知他是被邀请做演讲。故选C项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个相似的例子是Sandra Day OConnor。A. familiar 熟悉的；B. similar相似的；C. practical 切实可用的；D. different不同的。根据后文“Just like Churchill and Sandra, they stand for those who never give up.”可知，她和丘吉尔有相似的品质，故选B项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：以班里第一的成绩毕业，她努力地考入了Stanford Law School。
72、A. route 路线；B. power 权利；C. way 方法，道路；D. path小路。根据固定短语work ones way to表示努力进入，故选C项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意她通过工作进入了斯坦福大学法学院，并在那里以优异的成绩和荣誉毕业。A. heights 高度；B. harvests 收获；C. humour幽默；D. honours荣誉。根据后文“a great woman lawyer”可知她取得了荣誉，故选D项。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管她很努力，但在20世纪50年代她仍然是个女性。A. still 仍然；B. never 从不；C. onc
73、e 曾经；D. hardly几乎不。根据后文“She was refused by many law firms _11_ they preferred to hire a less qualified(有资格的) man _12_ a great woman lawyer.”可知，那时很多工作都拒绝女性，故此处是指虽然她很努力，但仍然因为是女性而被拒绝。故选A项。【31题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：许多律师事务所都拒绝了她的申请，因为他们宁愿聘用资历较低的男性律师，也不愿聘用优秀的女律师。A. when 当时；B. as 因为；C. although 尽管；D. if假如。根据语境可知，前
74、后文为因果关系。故选B项。【32题详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：许多律师事务所都拒绝了她的申请，因为他们宁愿聘用资历较低的男性律师，也不愿聘用优秀的女律师。A. other than 除了；B. more than不仅仅； C. rather than 而不是；D. less than少于。根据语境可知她被拒绝了，他们选择男士而不是女士，故选C项。【33题详解】考查副词词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我们的日常生活中，许多人只是简单地说他们想要什么，但没有努力。A. Therefore因此； B. However 然而；C. Besides 除之外；D. Again再次。根据句意可知，此处表转折
75、。故选B项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不是你跌倒了多少次重要。A. deserves 值得；B. affects 影响；C. amazes 使吃惊；D. matters重要，起作用。根据后文“Its how many times you get back up that makes success!”可知,是你跌倒多少次让你成功的,这才重要。故选D项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：只要努力工作，有决心和准备，你可以克服任何困难，获得成功。A. imagination 想象，B. creativity 创造力；C. interest 兴趣；D. determination决心
76、。根据上文例子可知成功需要努力和决心，且上文的“His amazing determination helped inspire his entire nation and was an 5 worldwide.”也是提示。故选D项。四、 单词拼写(10*1)36. Its reported that the o_ settlers there were the Indians.(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】original【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：据报道，那里的原住居民是印第安人。修饰名词settlers ，用形容词形式。根据首字母提示及句意，故填original。37. C_ us
77、 if you want more goods information, and we are ready to provide service for you! (根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】Contact【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：如果您需要更多的商品信息，请与我们联系，我们愿为您提供服务！根据句意及首字母提示可知，空处为动词联系。此处是祈使句，动词用原形。故填Contact。38. When nutrients are in short supply the body cannot f_ properly. (根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】function【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意
78、：当营养物质缺乏时，身体就不能正常工作。情态动词cannot后接动词原形。根据首字母提示及句意，故填function。39. Jane admits that she cant s_ out all the mess in the households, even though she knows it drives her mother crazy. (根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】sort【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词。句意：Jane承认她无法整理好家里所有的混乱，尽管她知道这让她妈妈很抓狂。分析句子可知该空需要一个动词，与cant 一起作谓语动词；结合句意及首字母s及空后out，动词so
79、rt，符合题意。短语sort out意为“分类整理”，情态动词后，用动词原形。故填sort。40. An important f_ of Chinese painting is that a painter should combine pictures, poems, calligraphy and seals perfectly. (根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】feature【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词。句意：中国画的一个重要特点是画家要将画、诗、书、印完美地结合起来。根据句意“特征”和首字母“f”以及不定冠词“an”可知，应填名词feature的单数形式。故填feature。41.
80、We gave our classroom a _(彻底的) cleaning before the National Day. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】thorough【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：国庆节前，我们把教室彻底打扫了一遍。根据汉语提示“彻底的”，可知应填形容词thorough，作定语修饰名词cleaning。故填thorough。42. Many _ (外部的) influences can affect your state of mind. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】external【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：许多外部因素都可能影响人的心情。根据句意以
81、及汉语提示“外部的”可知，应填形容词external修饰名词influences。故填external。43. The baby birds that most closely _(模仿) their mums voice were rewarded with the most food. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】imitated【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：模仿妈妈声音最像的小鸟会被奖励最多的食物。分析句子可知，此句为定语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词；根据汉语提示“模仿”可知，此处可以用动词imitate；时态为一般现在时，故答案为imitated。44. It was thanks
82、to your timely help that we _(完成) the task on time (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】accomplished【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：多亏了你的及时帮助，我们才按时完成了任务。根据句意以及汉语提示可知，空处应填动词complete“完成”，主句时态为一般过去时，从句也应该为一般过去时，故填accomplished。45. This voyage was the most exciting _ (冒险经历) of their lives. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】adventure【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：这次航行是他们一生中
83、最激动人心的冒险经历。根据句意和汉语提示“冒险经历”可知，此处应该使用可数名词adventure，和voyage一致用单数。故填adventure。五、语法填空(10*1)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinese New Year, _46_ starts on the first day of the Chinese lunar calendar （阴历），is considered as Chinas most important holiday. It _47_ （know） as the Spring Festival.The Spring Fes
84、tival starts at the beginning _48_ the new moon. It often happens between January and February. It usually _49_ （last） about one month until Lantern Festival （元宵节），which gives everyone plenty of time for celebration._50_ （traditional） , red envelopes with money in are gifted during the Spring Festiv
85、al celebrations. Its a custom which goes back to ancient times. However, when the tradition _51_（start） is unknown. Whatever the reason is, the red envelope is an important part of Chinese New Year to this day.The firework is another big part of Chinese New Year. A _52_ （write） shared the following
86、story on a website. An old man saved a town from a terrible monster （怪兽）by throwing many _53_ （bamboo） into the fire. The explosion caused by the bamboo frightened off the monster. As _54_ result, Chinese people set off fireworks （爆竹）during Chinese New Year celebrations _55_ （avoid） the evil spirits
87、 of the past.【答案】46. which 47. is known 48. of 49. lasts 50. Traditionally 51. started 52. writer 53. bamboos 54. a 55. to avoid【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，讲述中国新年的有关情况和庆祝新年的一些习俗。【46题详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国新年，始于中国农历的第一天，被认为是中国最重要的节日。_starts on the first day of the Chinese lunar calendar是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese New Year，指物，
88、故填which。【47题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：它被称为春节。it指代Chinese New Year，和谓语动词know之间为被动关系，应用被动结构；全文叙述现在的情况，是一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。短语be known as 作为而为人所知。故填is known。【48题详解】考查固定短语。句意：春节始于新月初。短语at the beginning of 在的开始，故填of。【49题详解】考查时态。句意：它通常持续一个月左右，直到元宵节。last是谓语动词，和主语it之间为主动关系；全文叙述现在的情况，是一般现在时。故填lasts。【50题详解】考查副词。句意：按传统，在庆
89、祝春节期间，将装有钱的红包作为礼物。修饰整个句子，用副词，故填Traditionally。【51题详解】考查时态。句意：然而，这个传统什么时候开始的还不知道。主语从句中start是谓语动词，和主语the tradition之间为主动关系；“传统何时开始”是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填started。【52题详解】考查名词。句意：一位作者在一个网站上分享了以下的故事。作主语，应用名词，根据句意，应为“作者”，故填writer。【53题详解】考查名词复数。句意：一位老人把许多竹子扔进火里，从一个可怕的怪物手中救了一个小镇。many和名词复数形式连用；英语中，以字母o 结尾的名词改为复数，o前面
90、是元音，加s，bamboo的复数直接加s。故填bamboos。【54题详解】考查冠词和固定短语。句意：因此，中国人在中国新年庆祝活动中就燃放烟花爆竹。固定短语as a result“由于的结果，因此”，故填a。【55题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人在中国新年庆祝活动中燃放烟花爆竹，以驱除死去的邪恶的亡灵。根据句意，用动词不定式作目的状语，意为“为了驱除”，故填to avoid。【点睛】which引导的非限制性定语从句1.关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，所修饰的可以是先行词也可以是整个句子。Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一
91、种清澈的液体，有许多用途。These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。which指代前面的整个主句，意为：这件事，这一点。In the presence of so many people he was a little nervous, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。2.“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句中， 在介词后只能用whom/whi
92、ch引导,先行词指人，用whom；先行词指物，用which。介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。Mr. Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。These new neighbors，to whom I was introduced yesterday，have come here from Beijing.这些邻居是北京来的，昨天我被介绍同他们认识了。3.“名词/代词+of+ which / whom”引导的非限制性定语从句There are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。The factory has over 8，000 workers and staff，80% of whom are women.这家纺织厂有8千多职工，女职工占百分之八十。
