1、Unit 9WheelsYou may ride on your bicycle in a rush to get to school every morning. You may fight to get a bit of space on a bus or on the subway. You may also watch taxis crawl their way through traffic jams.No matter where you are, all big cities around the world have traffic jams these days. Altho
2、ugh they all have their problems, many cities also have a type of transport that has become a cultural icon(文化标识)In London, to avoid the traffic above ground, people use the “underground”，also called the “tube”. The city has the oldest and most complicated underground railway system in the world and
3、 is the pride of many Londoners. With 12 lines and 275 stations across the city, the tube is normally the quickest and easiest way of getting around London. In London, you are never far from a tube station.New York is famous for its yellow cabs. They serve as a quick and easy way of getting across M
4、anhattan, where the subway doesnt take you everywhere. Stopping a cab is easy; just stick out your arm like you do in any city. But, with over 12,000 yellow cabs in the Big Apple, they also cause traffic jams.Since 1873 when the first cable car started public service, the slow and noisy vehicle has
5、been a symbol of San Francisco. Although once damaged by a serious earthquake and challenged by cars, it is never caught in traffic jams and provides better views than the subway.But there are no such symbols in Los Angeles. If you visit, youd better rent a car. The citys public transportation is te
6、rrible. It can take hours to get across town by bus. The subway covers just a small part of the city centre. The light rail line only runs between the Long Beach hotel area and the city centre. Thats why Angelenos love their private cars more than any other people in the world.开启快乐学习之旅交通阻塞已成全球各个国家面临
7、的难题，面对这一难题各地人民都有自己的应对策略。Period OneWarmup & Lesson 1On Your Bike.重点单词1ferry n. 渡船2minibus n. 小巴3cyclist n. 骑自行车的人 4motorist n. 驾驶汽车的人5pedestrian n. 行人6jam n. 阻塞，拥挤7flat adj. 平的8therefore adv. 所以，因此9parking n. 停车场10wherever conj. 无论到哪里11thief n. 小偷，贼12insert vt. 插入，嵌入13indeed adv. 当然，确实14arrest vt. 逮捕
8、，拘留15bone n. 骨头16actually adv. 实际地，真实地actual adj. 实际的，真实的17benefit vi. & n. 得益；好处beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的beneficially adv. 有益地，有利地18convenient adj. 方便的，便利的conveniently adv. 方便地，便利地convenience n. 便利，方便19hopeful adj. (人)抱有希望的hopefully adv. 有希望地hopeless adj. (反义词)无望的，绝望的hope n. & v. 希望20neighbourhood n.
9、 街坊；邻近地区neighbour n. 邻居21consequence n. 结果consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之发生的22argue vi. 争辩，争吵argument n. 争辩，争吵.核心短语1fed_up不愉快的，厌烦的2have_an_effect_on 对有影响3give_sb._a_lift 让某人搭便车4work_out 锻炼身体，做运动5thanks to 由于，幸亏6in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代7as a consequence of 由于8traffic jam 交通阻塞.经典句式1现在完成进行时态People have_been_enj
10、oying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.多年来，人们一直享受着在阿姆斯特丹骑自行车的益处。2年代表达法In_the_1960s,_a group of cycling fans had an idea.在20世纪60年代，一群自行车迷们提出了一个想法。3wherever引导让步状语从句Wherever_someone_finished_a_journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use.不管人们在哪里结束行程，他们都将把自行车放在那里以便其他人使用。
11、1.与actually同义的表达in_factin_realityas_a_matter_of_fact2盘点hood结尾的名词neighbourhood 街坊；邻近地区brotherhood 兄弟关系；手足情谊motherhood 母性，母亲们(总称)adulthood 成年，成人期childhood 童年时期；幼年时代3把形容词后的t变为ce后构成名词，与原词意义相同的词convenientconvenience 方便；便利importantimportance 重要differentdifference 不同；差异4“v.out”构成动词短语，表示“移出；搬出”work_out 解决；锻
12、炼take_out 拿出来break_out 爆发课文预读Return of the white bikes!People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years. It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and therefore is convenient for bikes. There are also plenty of places for bicycle parking and most streets in the city ce
13、ntre have a bicycle path. Today some people call Amsterdam the “City of Bicycles” because of the convenience for bicycles there.In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans had an idea. They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars werent allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were. The
14、y were hopeful that this would help to save energy, reduce pollution and provide free public transport. The group painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in lots of neighbourhoods around Amsterdam for people to use. Anyone was allowed to take them and use them for short journeys. Wherever
15、 someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use. The problem was that it didnt workthieves took all the bicycles within weeks！benefit/benft/vi. & n. 得益；好处benefit from得益于，得利于Amsterdam/mstdm/阿姆斯特丹本句用了现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去。flat/flt/adj. 平的therefore/ef/
16、adv. 所以，因此convenient/knvinint/adj. 方便的，便利的(convenient不能用人作主语)parking/pk/n. 停车场No Parking！禁止停车！convenience/knvinins/n. 方便，便利allow vt. 允许，准许allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事allow doing sth.允许做某事that引导宾语从句，该宾语从句中又含有if引导的虚拟条件句；and only bicycles were是省略句，补充完整为“and only bicycles were allowed in the city centre”
17、。hopeful/hpfl/adj. (人)抱有希望的provide v. 提供，供应提供给某人某物paint v. 在上刷油漆；用颜料画hundreds of 成百上千的place vt. 放置neighbourhood/nebhd/n. 街坊；邻近地区wherever/werev/conj.无论在何处，无论到哪里此处Wherever引导让步状语从句。相当于No matter where。someone else 别人work vi. 起作用，奏效thief/if/n. 贼，小偷自行车回来了！第12段译文多年来，人们一直享受着在阿姆斯特丹骑自行车的益处。这是一个适合骑自行车的好城市，因为道路
18、平坦，因此方便骑自行车。还有许多自行车停放场地，城市中心的大多数街道都设有自行车车道。今天，有些人把阿姆斯特丹称作“自行车城”，因为那里为自行车提供了方便。在20世纪60年代，一群自行车迷提出了一个想法。他们认为如果不让汽车驶入市中心，只让自行车进入，那会对每个人都更有好处。他们希望这样能够帮助节约能源，减少污染，并且(给大家)提供免费的公共交通工具。他们把数百辆自行车漆成白色，并把它们放在阿姆斯特丹众多街区供人们使用。任何人都可以取用这些自行车进行短途旅行。无论在哪儿结束旅程，人们都可以将自行车留在那里供其他人使用。问题是这种做法行不通几周内，所有的自行车都被小偷偷走了！第34段译文然而，3
19、0多年后，“白自行车”又回到城里了这次车上装有电脑芯片记录它的每一次移动！要使用自行车，你必须先插入一张特别的卡。新的“白自行车”实际上并不是白色的，而是设计独特，颜色鲜亮。自行车被放在特定的停放处，想使用自行车的人必须把自行车停放在另一个有足够空间的特定停放处。阿姆斯特丹市中心的交通已经不怎么拥堵了，因为当地人和旅游者都使用白自行车。的确，多亏人们献计献策，就像20世纪60年代的自行车迷们那样，世界各地的许多人多年以来才能享受市中心没有汽车的街道环境。课文理解Task One：Fast reading.Read the following events and rearrange them
20、according to the time they happened.AThieves stole the bikes.BSome 30 years later the White Bikes came back.CA group of cycling fans had an idea to start a movement called the White Bikes.DPeople enjoy city centre streets without cars.EThe city became less crowded.FOnce the city of Amsterdam was cro
21、wded with cars.答案：FCABED.Judge the following statements true (T) or false (F)1Using a computer chip is to stop bikes from being stolen.(T)2Now in Amsterdam all the bicycles are painted white.(F)3In Amsterdam riding a bicycle is very convenient. You can find a bicycle anywhere.(F)4Over 40 years peopl
22、e have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam.(F)5In Amsterdam no car is allowed in the city centre and only bicycles are.(F)Task Two：Careful readingRead the text carefully and then choose the best answers according to the text.1The “return of the white bikes” means _.Apeople returned th
23、e bikes they borrowedBthieves returned the bikes they stoleCbikes reappeared in Amsterdam答案：C2The following offer convenience for cycling in Amsterdam except _.Aflat groundBfriendly citizensCbicycle paths答案：B3In the 1960s, people in Amsterdam _.Acouldnt drive cars in the city centreBonly rode white
24、bikesChad the chance to enjoy free transportation答案：C4Compared to the bikes in the 1960s, the returning bikes _.Acant be stolen easily Bare specially designedCboth A and B答案：C5According to the passage, we know _.Atourists can use the white bikes as well as local peopleBno cars are allowed in central
25、 AmsterdamCpeople can enjoy city centre streets without cars only in Amsterdam答案：ATask Three：Micro writingRead the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with an idea _1_ it would be better for everybody if cars were not allowed in the city cent
26、re and only bicycles were. It could contribute to _2_ (save) energy and protecting environment. Then, people were free _3_ (use) the bicycles painted by the group for short journeys. _4_， all the bicycles were stolen by thieves, which annoyed the cycling fans. _5_ three decades later, the “white bik
27、e” has returned, with each one _6_ (fix) with a computer chip, by which the bikes every move _7_ (record). In addition, the bicycles have special parking places. Nowadays, with locals and tourists using the white bikes, there is already _8_ (little) traffic in central Amsterdam. Therefore, this city
28、, _9_ people have been enjoying the benefits of cycling for many years, is called “City of Bicycles” because of the _10_(convenient) for bicycles there.1that 2.saving 3.to_use 4.However 5.Over 6fixed 7.is_recorded 8.less 9.where 10.convenience 1 (教材P36)People have been enjoying the benefits of cycli
29、ng in Amsterdam for years.多年来，人们一直享受着在阿姆斯特丹骑自行车的益处。(1)benefit sb./sth.有益于某人/某物benefit from. 从中受益(2)for sb.s benefitfor the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益，为了帮助某人(3)beneficial adj. 有益的be beneficial tobe of benefit to 对有益即学即用(1)The fresh air in the morning will benefit us.早晨的新鲜空气会对我们有好处。(2)Do you really benefi
30、t from playing computer games all day?你真的从整天玩电脑游戏中获益了吗？(3)Sports are beneficial_to building our bodies.体育运动有益于增强我们的体质。(4)Mother explained all she had done was for_my_benefit.母亲解释说，她所做的一切都是为我好。(5)单句语法填空People often get much benefit from traveling.Walking is very beneficial (benefit) to your body shap
31、e.Who is most likely to_benefit (benefit) from the old womans death?2 (教材P36)It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and therefore is convenient for bikes.这是一个适合骑车的好城市，因为道路平坦，因此骑车会很方便。辨析比较therefore/sotherefore“因此”，连接副词，引出结果、结局或结论，不能连接两个句子，因此它前面没有连词时，要用分号so“因此”，并列连词，用来连接两个并列成分，后面要紧跟一个句子，不加逗号
32、即学即用(1)These birds are rare; therefore they should be protected by law.这些鸟类很稀少，因此应受到法律保护。(2)I felt I was not well, so I didnt go to the party.我感到有点不舒服，所以我没去参加聚会。(3)Theres something wrong with his computer, and therefore he cant surf the Internet.他的电脑出了问题，所以他不能上网。(4)It was raining heavily, so they ha
33、d to stay at home.天下着大雨，所以他们不得不待在家里。3 (教材P36)It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and therefore is convenient for bikes.这是一个适合骑自行车的好城市，因为道路平坦，因此骑自行车会很方便。(1)if/when it is/was convenient to/for sb.如果某人方便的话/当某人方便时It is/was convenient for sb. to do sth.某人方便做某事(2)convenience n 方便；便利at ones co
34、nvenience 在某人方便的时候for convenience 为了方便起见for the convenience of sb. 为方便某人(3)inconvenient adj. 不方便的即学即用(1)Our house is convenient for shopping and transportation.我们家购物和交通都很方便。(2)Smartphones make it easier and more convenient to watch video clips and read weibo.智能手机使得看视频、读微博更容易、更方便。(3)For_convenience,_
35、we may classify the students into four groups.为了方便起见，我们可把学生分为四个组。(4)You can come whenever its_convenient_to/for_you.你可以在任何你方便的时候来。(5)单句语法填空It was a great convenience (convenient) to live near my company.I stock up on groceries at the convenience (convenient) store.It is convenient for me to come at
36、that time.Please call me back at your convenience.4 (教材P37)a past activity that has some consequences in the present一个对现在有影响的过去的活动(1)in consequence of(as a consequence ofas a result of) 由于，作为的结果as a consequencein consequenceas a result因此take the consequences of 承担后果，自食其果(2)consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之发生
37、的；必然的consequently adv. 结果，因此，必然地即学即用(1)His illness is the consequence of overwork.他的疾病是过度疲劳的结果。(2)Teenagers fail to see the consequences of smoking.青少年无法明白抽烟的恶果。(3)We didnt have enough money to pay our bus fares, and in_consequence we had to walk.我们没有足够的钱买车票，所以只能步行。(4)You have to take_the_consequenc
38、es_of the accident.你必须承担这次事故的后果。(5)单句语法填空As a consequence of your laziness and rudeness, I am forced to dismiss you.The bank refused to help the company; consequently (consequent), it went bankrupt.He followed the doctors advice. In consequence, he got well soon.5 (教材P37)Why was he arrested?他因为什么而被逮
39、捕了？(1)arrest sb. for因而逮捕某人arrest ones attention 引起某人的注意get arrested 被逮捕(2)under arrest 被捕即学即用(1)A man has been arrested in connection with the robbery.一名男子因与这桩抢劫案有关已被逮捕。(2)She was under arrest on suspicion of murder.她因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。(3)An unusual noise arrested_his_attention.一阵不寻常的嘈杂声引起了他的注意。(4)单句语法填空Emer
40、y was arrested for stealing cars.Her laughter arrested (arrest) our attention and we all stared at her.He was placed under arrest in 2018.6 (教材P37)argue with someone与某人争辩/争吵(1)argue with sb. about/over sth.就某事与某人争辩argue for/against 赞成/反对argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 极力说服某人做/不做某事argue that. 主张；坚持认
41、为(2)argument n. 争论；争辩；辩论have an argument with sb. about/over sth. 因某事与某人争论注意：表示“说服某人做/不做某事”的短语还有：into/out of doing sth.即学即用(1)I dont want to argue with you about this matter.我不想同你争辩这个问题。(2)We argue her out of going on such a dangerous journey.我们说服她不要去做这样危险的旅行。(3)They strongly argue_against going the
42、re next Sunday.他们坚决反对下周日去那儿。(4)Columbus argued_that the world was round.哥伦布认为地球是圆的。(5)单句语法填空One does not argue against the laws of nature.The husband is out of work, so the couple begin to argue about money.We are truly friends, and pay no attention to the arguments (argue) between us.1 thanks to 幸亏
43、；由于,n the 1960s 在20世纪60年代(教材P36)Indeed, thanks to the good ideas of lots of people, like the cycling fans in the 1960s, many people around the world have been enjoying city centre streets without cars for many years.的确，多亏人们献计献策，就像20世纪60年代的自行车迷们那样，世界各地的许多人多年以来都在享受市中心没有汽车的街道环境。thanks to 幸亏；由于辨析比较becau
44、se of; owing to; due to; on account of; thanks to这五个短语都有“由于”“因为”的意思，都是介词短语，因此后面不可接从句。(1)because of强调因果关系，在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。(2)owing to与because of一样，也强调因果关系，作状语修饰整个句子，可放在句首或句中。(3)due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语和定语。作状语时与owing to同义，且一般不与其他成分隔开，且不放于句首。(4)on account of与because of同义。语气较为正式。可作状语、表语，但不
45、作定语。(5)thanks to只能用作状语，可以表示正面意思“幸亏”，也可用于讽刺口吻中。即学即用(1)Thanks to the reform policy, we live a much better life than ever.多亏了改革开放的政策，我们的生活比以前好多了。(2)Because_of the snowstorm, the flight was put off.由于暴风雪的原因，飞机延误了。(3)Owing_to my absence, they had to put off the class meeting till next week.由于我不在，他们只好将班会推
46、迟到下周。(4)The teams success was largely due_to her efforts.该队的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。(5)She retired early on_account_of ill health.由于她体弱多病，所以提前退休。(6)Thanks_to your help, we were successful.由于你的帮助，我们得以成功。in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代(1)表示在某个世纪的几十年代，用“in the年份(尾数为0)s/s”。有时年份前还可加修饰词early/middle/late，表示在“某世纪某年代的早期/中期/后期
47、”。in the early 1990s/1990s在20世纪90年代早期in the late 1760s/1760s在18世纪60年代后期(2)“in ones逢十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十岁的时候”。in his teens在他十几岁时in her twenties在她20多岁时即学即用(7)The novel is set in Shanghai in the 1930s.这部小说以20世纪30年代的上海为背景。(8)The liberal atmosphere was prevalent in_the_1960s.自由的气氛在20世纪60年代很普遍。(9)My daughter
48、 preferred to dance when she was in_her_twenties.我女儿在二十几岁时更喜欢跳舞。2 (教材P36)You look fed up!你看起来不高兴！(1)be fed up with.对感到厌倦(2)feed vt. 喂养，饲养 vi. (牛、马等)吃东西feed on 以为食feed.to. 把喂给feed.on/with. 用来喂feed up 供给食物注意：fed up用作表语，后接名词、代词时须用with；接动名词时可用with，也可不用with；接从句时不用介词。表示“厌烦”的短语还有：(1)be/get/become tired of(
49、2)be/get/become bored with(3)be/get/become sick of即学即用(1)He said he was fed up. I tried encouraging him a bit.他说他厌倦了，我试着给他鼓了鼓劲儿。(2)Im fed up with talking to you. You never listen to me.我再也不想和你说话了，你从来就不听我讲话。(3)I think the baby may be hungry and should be fed_up quickly.我认为这个婴儿可能饿了，应该快点喂他。(4)After wor
50、king in the business world for a while, Low got_fed_up.在生意场上工作了一段时间后，洛感到厌烦了。(5)I am_fed_up_with his laziness and carelessness.我受够了他的懒惰和粗心。3 work out锻炼身体，做运动；算出，解决；制定出；成功地发展(教材P37)Work out in the gym.在体育馆里做运动work at从事；致力于；钻研work on 努力改善(或完成)at work 在工作out of work 失业即学即用(1)I work out regularly to keep
51、 fit.我定期锻炼身体来保持健康。(2)The problem is too difficult for me to work_out.这道题很难，我算不出来。(3)We must work_out a plan acceptable to all as quickly as we can.我们必须尽快制定出一个大家都能接受的计划。(4)She worked_hard_at her French and passed the exam.她努力学习法语，通过了考试。(5)写出下列句子中work out的汉语意思The basketball players are working out at
52、the playground.锻炼身体，做运动Neither the teacher nor his students know how to work out the problem.解决，解答The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the breadth.计算出It wasnt too long before we had worked out a plan acceptable to all.制定出She said the plan would work out well. Thats just where
53、 I disagree.成功地发展1教材P36) People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.多年来，人们一直享受着在阿姆斯特丹骑自行车的种种好处。have been enjoying为现在完成进行时态，表示enjoy这个动作一直持续不断，句末有表示时间持续的短语for years。现在完成进行时由“have/has beenv.ing”构成，表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，并可能持续下去的动作。即学即用(1)Mr and Mrs Smith came to Beijing in 199
54、0 and have been teaching here ever since.史密斯夫妇1990年来到北京，自那时起就一直在这里教书。(2)We have_been_learning English for nearly ten years.我们学习英语将近10年了。(3)She has_been_talking for two hours, and we are really fed up.她滔滔不绝地说了两个小时，我们真烦了。2教材P36) Wherever someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for s
55、omeone else to use.人们不管在哪里结束行程，都会把自行车就地放在那里供其他人使用。这是一个带有状语从句的复合句。wherever someone finished a journey是一个让步状语从句，wherever相当于no matter where，表示“无论在哪里”。wherever的功能相当于where，只是含义上稍有差异。(1)wherever引导让步状语从句时，可以换为no matter where；wherever也可以引导宾语从句，但是在宾语从句中不能用no matter where替换。(2)no matter疑问词(where/when/how/what
56、/who/which)只能引导让步状语从句，此时相当于疑问词ever；疑问词(where/when/how/what/who/which)ever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句，且引导名词性从句时，疑问词ever比单独用疑问词的语气更强。即学即用(1)Wherever you are, dont forget to give me a call.不论你在哪儿，别忘了给我打电话。(2)Whatever/No_matter_what you say, I wont believe you.无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。(3)Wherever/No_matter_where the fil
57、m star goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。(4)Wherever_he_goes has nothing to do with me.他无论去哪儿都与我无关。(5)What_he_has_done has nothing to do with me.他做了什么与我无关。.单句语法填空1The elderly population in China will have a great effect on the whole society.2We accepted the agr
58、eement without argument(argue)3An economic crisis may have tremendous consequences (consequent) for our global security.4Fresh air is beneficial (benefit) to our health, as we all know.5Internet makes it convenient (convenience) for us to get in touch with each other. 6Im hopeful(hope) that theyll f
59、ulfill the task on time. 7We need to work out how we are going to get there.8Weve reached our goal of $50,000, thanks to the generosity of the public.9Im not a student. Im a doctor, actually (actual)10Wherever he goes he will buy presents for his parents.完成句子1I stopped the car very quickly thanks_to the good brakes.幸亏刹车很管用，我很快刹住了汽车。2He studied very hard, and therefore he passed the exam.他学习刻苦，因此考试及格了。3She became a household name in_the_early_1980s.她在20世纪80年代早期成为家喻户晓的人物。4Hes working_out in the gym at the moment.此刻他正在健身房锻炼身体。5People are fed_up_with_traffic_jams.人们厌烦交通堵塞。
