1、阅读Reading for writing中的材料，选择最佳答案1Why did farmers welcome artificial fertilisers at first?ABecause they could fight crop disease.BBecause they could increase production.CBecause they were in widespread use.DBecause they benefited peoples health.2What can we learn about crops grown with chemical ferti
2、lisers?AThey are rich in nutrition.BThey are rich in essential minerals.CThey are very tasty and nutritious.DThey look beautiful on the outside.3How do organic farmers keep their soil rich?ABy using natural waste.BBy using chemicals.CBy using minerals.DBy using fresh water.答案13BDAWords And Phrasesde
3、al with 处理；对付；安排；对待；与打交道；涉及(教材P52)To deal with this crisis, he chose to study agriculture.为了应对这一危机，他选择了学习农业。知识拓展deal with中的deal为不及物动词，常与疑问词how连用，表示“怎么处理/对待”；同义短语为do with，其中的do为及物动词，表示“怎么处理/对待”时，与疑问词what连用。例1In the process, the children learn to deal with difficulties.在这个过程中，孩子们学会了应付困难。例2His article
4、deals with many issues we are greatly concerned about.他的文章涉及许多我们非常关心的问题。例3The lady is hard to deal with.这个妇人很难对付。即学即练完成句子/一句多译(谚)以其人之道，还治其人之身。Deal with a man as he deals with you.我不知道他们将如何处理这个问题。I dont know how they will deal with the problem. I dont know what they will do with the problem.poverty n
5、贫穷；贫困(教材P54)It is celebrated in more than 150 countries, raising awareness and knowledge of the problems and causes behind world hunger and poverty.它在150多个国家举行庆祝活动，提高人们对世界饥饿和贫困背后的问题和原因的认识和了解。例1The article shows a poverty of imagination.这篇文章显得缺乏想象力。例2She has a sure prasp of social issues such as lite
6、racy，poverty and child care.她对扫盲、贫穷和儿童保育等社会问题都有深切的认识。翻译三分之一的人口生活在贫困线或以下。A third of the population is living at or below the poverty line知识拓展(1)in poverty处于贫穷之中a poverty of 缺乏below/above the poverty line在贫困线之下/之上(2)poor adj. 贫穷的；贫困的即学即练单句语法填空He was rich, but is now reduced to poverty(poor)The poor ma
7、n in poverty sleeps on the floor at the doorway.in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流(教材P55)This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them.这影响了生长在土地上的作物，进而影响消化它们的动物和人类。例1The girls took it in turn to wipe down the tables after meals.女孩子们饭后轮流擦桌子。例2Theory is based on pract
8、ice and in turn serves practice.理论的基础是实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。翻译他们依次回答了老师的问题。They answered the teachers questions in turn知识拓展in ones turn轮到某人；接着by turns 轮流；依次take turns doing/to do. 轮流做Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人干某事即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子It is my turn to clean(clean) the classroom this week.The girls called out th
9、eir names in turn.They took turns(turn) to care about their parents.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。When it is in my turn, I am too excited to speak.alternative n可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的(教材P55)As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they s
10、hop at the local grocery.作为一种选择，一些农民转向有机农业，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向有机食品。例1We returned by the alternative road.我们从另一条路回来的。例2This kind of newspaper is alternative press.这种报纸是非传统性报刊。翻译除了当俘虏之外，唯一的选择就是奋战至死了。The only alternative to being taken prisoner was to die fighting.知识拓展(1)have no alternative/choice but to d
11、o sth.别无选择只好做某事have the alternative of doing sth. 有做的选择，可以做theres no alternative.but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事an alternative to. 的替代品(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地即学即练单句语法填空I had no alternative but to accept(accept) the offer.If you dont like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing(bring) you
12、r own.We could walk or alternatively(alternative)we could go in Teds car.名师点津“别无选择只好做”的其他表达形式还有：have no choice but to do sth.；cant do sth.but do sth.；can do nothing but do sth.等。在这些结构中若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式，but之后要用省略to的不定式，否则，but之后的to不能省略。depth n向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)(教材P56)Organic farmers also plant diverse
13、crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.有机种植的农民也种植不同的农作物，利用不同深度的土壤来保持土壤肥沃。例1The old man disappeared into the depths of the house.老人消失在住宅深处。例2I have expressed the depth of my gratitude to him.我向他表示了深切的谢意。翻译不能期望较年轻的学生有深刻的理解能力。Younger students cannot be expected to have great depth
14、 of understanding知识拓展in depth全面；深入；详细from the depth of the mind 从心底里；真心地at a depth of. 在的深度in the depths of 在正中；在深处即学即练单句语法填空Plant the beans at a depth of about six inches.This is a new subject and needs to be explored in depth.When her son got injured and disabled in the accident, she was in the de
15、pths of despair.小片段填空She belongs to herself.Nobody can measure the depth of her heart, deep as sea.她属于自己，没有人能测出她心有多深，深似大海。 名师点津adj.deephighwidelongn.depthheightwidthlengthv.deepenheightenwidenlengthenSentence Patternsnot only.but also.句型(教材P55)For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing n
16、ot only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.例如，杀虫剂不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还可以杀死有益的昆虫，从而破坏土地。句式分析：句中not only.but also.“不仅而且”用作并列连词，相当于“not just .but also.”。例1Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also) an actor.莎士比亚不仅是一位剧作家，而且是一位演员。例2Light and bright colors make people not only happier but mo
17、re active.浅色和鲜艳的颜色不但使人看了高兴，也会使人更加活泼。翻译英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.知识拓展(1)该结构常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子，在意义上强调后者，其中also可以省略。(2)“not only.but also.”连接主语时，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则；当not only 位于句首连接两个
18、句子时，第一个分句要用部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装。即学即练完成句子他们不仅闯进了他的办公室，而且撕碎了他的文件。They not only broke into his office but (also) tore up his papers.不仅是你而且还有他从火中救出了那些男孩。Not only you but (also) he has saved the boys from the fire.不仅学生，而且他们的老师也喜欢踢足球。Not just the students but also their teacher likes playing football他不仅能准确地说英语，而
19、且说得很流利。Not only can he speak English correctly, but he also speaks it fluently.too.to.句型(教材P55)As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.至于化肥，用它们种植的作物通常生长得太快，而不含丰富的营养。句式分析：too.to.意为“太而不能”，表示否定含义。例1He is too shy to speak to her.他太害羞，不敢同她讲话。例2Its
20、too cheap to be good.这东西太便宜，好不了(即便宜无好货)。翻译他太小，还分不清是非。He is too young to know right from wrong.知识拓展(1)tooadj.(情感、心情或倾向等主语态度的词，常见的有anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing, etc.)to do sth.(表示肯定意义)非常/很干某事(2)not/never too.to do sth.并不太做某事(3)only too.to do sth. 非常做某事(4)cant/can never.to. 再也不过
21、分即学即练完成句子/句型转换你做家庭作业时怎样仔细也不过分。You cant be too careful to do your homework活到老，学到老。Never too old to learn他总是乐于助人。He is too ready to help others当她听到这则消息时激动得说不出话来。She was so excited that she couldnt say a word when she heard the news.She was too excited to say a word when she heard the news.there be句型(教
22、材P56)Therefore，there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table.因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，还有很长的路要走句式分析：there be 句型，表示“某处有(存在)某人或某物”。例1There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。例2There have been lots of accidents near the crossing
23、.在这个十字路口附近，发生了很多事故。翻译河里有几个孩子在游泳。There are several children swimming in the river.知识拓展(1)there be句型最简单的结构为：There be(is，are，was, were )名词地点状语。(2)在There be引导的句子中, 谓语动词be的人称和数应该和它后面的主语(名词)保持一致, 当有两个或两个以上的名词作并列主语时, be的形式则和第一个名词保持一致(就近原则)。(3)there be句型中的be可以用表示“存在”的动词，如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise,
24、 remain, happen, come, go等替代。句型结构为：there存在类动词主语。即学即练完成句子曾经有一个年轻人，他梦想一夜暴富。There lived a young man who desired to be rich overnight.我们教室前有一棵老松树。There stands an old pine tree in front of our classroom.此事似乎出了问题。There seems to be something wrong with it.词语猜测题词语猜测题主要考查考生猜测文章中某个生词、短语或词块的含义，或考查该词(块)能被哪个单词、短
25、语或词块代替。此外，也会涉及某一个熟词在不同语境中的不同含义。【例文】But this summer I find myself at a loss.Im not quite interested in Balzac, say, or “Tristram Shandy.” Theres always War and Peace, which Ive covered some distance several times, only to get bogged down in the “War” part, , and realize that I have to start over from
26、 the beginning again, having forgotten everyones name and social rank.How appealing to simply fall back on a favoriteonce more into “The Waves” or “Justine，” which feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature.What do the underlined words “get bog
27、ged down” in paragraph 2 mean?AGet confused.BBe carried away.CBe interrupted. DMake no progress.解题关键词语猜测主要是从“已知”得出“未知”，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词语前后的内容)进行推理。有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测。解题思路Step 1：快速查找与猜测相关的信息句 (中句)Step 2：详读作者在读“战争”部分时几次合上书，把书放一边，之后不得不再次从头开始阅读。Step 3：尝试解答由信息句可判断出，句中画线的“get bogged down”指的是陷入困境，停滞不前，没有进展。与
28、make no progress同义，故选D。针对性练习(一)Education takes time.We could insist that everyone study fulltime until the age of 45 but that would surely be too much.And perhaps half the population studying until theyre 21 is also too much.As for universities, they consume financial and intellectual resourcesperha
29、ps those resources might be better spent elsewhere.Whats the meaning of the word “consume”？AUse. BProvide.CDelight. DRaise.A上文说凡事都有代价，再结合画线词后的“financial and intellectual resources”可知，大学占用大量财政和智力资源，由此可知画线词词义为“占用、使用”，故A项正确。(二)But a year ago when my relationship with my wife and career took a hit, I ne
30、eded my dad to pull back the curtain so I could see him as real and accessible.I was facing serious problems, and I wanted to know whether he had faced them before and how he had found his way, because I felt like I had lost mine.In desperation, it occurred to me that sending an email might be the k
31、ey, so I wrote him one, telling him about my regrets and fears, and I asked him to answer, if he felt like it.The underlined part can be best replaced by Adraw the curtainBbecome more optimisticCshow his true selfDclear the misunderstandingC根据“But a year ago when my relationship with my wife and car
32、eer took a hit, I needed my dad to pull back the curtain so I could see him as real and accessible(但一年前，当我与妻子的关系和事业受到打击时，我需要父亲拉开帷幕，让我看到他是真实的、平易近人的)”可推知，需要父亲拉开帷幕则意为“展示真实的自己”。故C选项正确。(三)The global figures reveal that even the Americans put Britain to shame when it comes to taking exercise.Britain has o
33、ne of the most sedentary populations on the earth, with almost twice the proportion of people defined as “inactive” as in neighboring France.In the UK, 63.3 percent of the population fails to meet recommended levels of physical activity, increasing their risk of conditions such as heart disease, dia
34、betes and cancer.By contrast, 40.5 percent of US citizens are inactive, despite more than 30 percent of them being obese.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “sedentary”？AProud.BInactive.CSilent. DEnergetic.B根据下半句with almost twice the proportion of people defined as “inactive” as in neighboring France.(几乎是邻国法国被定义为“不活跃”的人口比例的两倍)可知，英国是拥有地球上最不活跃的人口的国家之一。故划线词sedentary与inactive最接近。故B选项正确。
