1、Section Grammar动词ing形式的完成式作状语和后接动词ing形式或不定式的动词(词组)语法图解课文原句感知I was twelve and, having lost all my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school.Having been operated on the leg, he cant walk as usual.Not having made adequate preparations, they put off the sports meeting till next Friday.He often
2、 invited me to join his particular group, and as a result, I started getting/to get to know people.I like lying/to lie on my back staring at the sky.语法领悟(1)以上句中，句中的黑体部分在句中作状语，句中黑体部分在句中作宾语。(2)由句可知，动词ing形式的完成式为having_done，否定式为not_having_done，完成被动式为having_been_done。(3)句中，动词ing形式与不定式作宾语意义相差不大。(a，b)(a，b)
3、(a，b)句中，动词ing形式与不定式作宾语意义区别很大，其中a句中作宾语的动词ing形式的动作已经发生，b句中作宾语的动词不定式的动作未发生。一、动词ing形式的完成式作状语1动词ing形式的完成式作状语的基本用法。(1)基本形式：having过去分词否定形式：nothaving过去分词完成式的被动式：having been过去分词(2)成分：动词ing形式的完成式在句中可作状语，常表示时间、原因等。(3)功能：动词ing形式的完成式作状语时，表示主动，即该动词与句子的主语有主动关系；同时表示完成，即该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Having lived in the city for
4、 three years, she knows it very well.在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已经很熟悉。Not having finished the homework, the pupil doesnt dare to go to school.由于还没有完成作业，这个学生不敢去上学。Having been invited to speak, Ill start making preparations tomorrow.已经被邀请发表讲话，我明天将开始做些准备。2动词ing形式的一般式和完成式作状语的用法区别。(1)动词ing形式的一般式，作状语时与主句主语为主动关系，所表示的动
5、作与主句谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，常表示时间、条件、原因或结果等。(2)动词ing形式的完成式，作状语时与主句主语为主动关系，所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，常表示时间或原因。Seeing those pictures, he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan.当他看到那些图片时，就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。(动词ing形式的一般式作状语表示时间)Having got our tickets, we drove to the airport to board the plane.买到机票之后，我们就开车到机场登机。(动词ing形式的
6、完成式作状语，表示时间)即学即练1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空Having_been_warned (warn) of danger in the street at night, she had to go home with a friend following her.Having_read (read) the chapter four times, I finally understood the authors theory.(2)句型转换After he had finished his homework, the little boy began to play Interne
7、t games.Having_finished_his_homework,_the little boy began to play Internet games.As he had been there many times, he offered to be our guide.Having_been_there_many_times,_he offered to be our guide.二、后接动词ing形式或不定式的动词(词组)1可用动词ing形式作宾语的动词(词组)(1)常见的能用动词ing形式作宾语的动词有：advise, admit, allow, avoid, conside
8、r, miss, keep, practice, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, suggest, mind, permit 等。I couldnt risk missing that train.我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。She suggested selling your house to pay the debt.她建议卖掉你的房子来抵债。(2)常见的能用动词ing形式作宾语的动词词组有：look forward to, lead to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay at
9、tention to, cant stand, feel like, insist on, be busy in, have difficulty (in), spend time (in)等。He insists on doing physical training.他坚持体育锻炼。(3)advise, allow, forbid, permit 等动词后可直接跟动词ing形式作宾语，也可跟不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语。We dont allow eating in the classroom.我们不允许在教室里吃饭。You cant allow fear to impact how yo
10、u operate.你不能让恐惧对你的行为方式有影响。即学即练2单句语法填空I appreciate having_been_given (give) the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.He always avoids talking (talk) to me.Would you mind my opening (open) the window?Can you imagine him becoming (become) famous as an actor?Lydia doesnt feel like studying (study)
11、 abroad. Her parents are old.2可用动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)(1)只接不定式而不接动词ing形式的动词或短语有：afford (付得起); agree; apply; arrange; ask (要求); care (努力做); choose; decide; demand; desire (请求); determine; expect; hope; intend; manage; offer (主动提出); plan; prepare; pretend; promise; refuse; want (想要); wish 等。After much discus
12、sion they decided to accept our offer.经过反复讨论，他们决定接受我们开的价。She walked up to the desk and asked to see the manager.她走到办公桌前要求见经理。She applied to be transferred.她申请调动工作。巧学助记只接不定式作宾语的动词两个要求莫拒绝：demand, ask, refuse设法学会做决定：manage, learn, decide不能假装在选择：pretend, choose(2)能接“疑问词不定式”作宾语的动词有：show, understand, tell
13、, explain, teach, learn, know, ask, decide, wonder 等。He didnt know how to deal with the accident.他不知道怎样处理这场事故。名师点津此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需要与句子的主语或宾语一致，否则用宾语从句。即学即练3完成句子He showed us how_to_do_the_work.他给我们演示怎么做这项工作。I dont know what_to_do.我不知道做些什么。3可用动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾语的动词(词组)(1)下列动词(词组)后可跟不定式或动词ing形式作宾语，但在意义上却有着明
14、显的差别。rememberforgetregrettrymeango onDont forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so.别忘了过一个小时左右把煤气关小点儿。I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永不会忘记第一次看见长城的情景。(2)有些动词(like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, intend 等)既可跟不定式又可跟动名词，不定式表示特定的未来事件，动名词表示抽象的概念，但在许多情况下可以互换。I int
15、end studying/to study abroad.我打算出国留学。(3)动词 want, need, require 作“需要”解，而且当物作主语时，常跟动名词作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义，如果跟不定式要用被动式。The old house requires repairing/to be repaired.那座旧房子需要修了。即学即练4单句语法填空Remember to_return (return) the book to me.But I remember returning (return) it to you.The doctor tried to_cure (cure)
16、the woman of her illness, so he tried treating (treat) her with a new medicine.That would mean wasting (waste) a lot of labor.Really? I dont mean to_waste (waste) any labor.链接高考单句语法填空1(2017全国卷)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to_prove (prove) that she has brains as
17、 well as beauty.2(2017江苏)Many Chinese brands, having_developed (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.3(2016全国卷)My ambassadorial duties will include introducing (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a researc
18、h centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.4(2015陕西)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on to_thank (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.5(2015福建)To_learn (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elec
19、tive course.6(2015重庆)Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.7(2015安徽)Ignoring (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.8(2014全国卷)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to_stop (stop) until we reached the next stop.9(2014江西)Having_spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.
