1、选修八Unit 1A land of diversity基础盘点自测自评阅读单词快速排查本单元阅读词汇并在不认识的词汇前划strait nArctic adj.ministry nshave vi.& vt.vice n& adj.federal adj.aircraft nnephew ntram ncattle nbakery nferry n& vt.seagull nmourn vt.& vi.authority nrail nnowhere adv.brake vi.& vt.pole nfascinating adj.核心单词1.occur vi.发生；出现2.grasp vt.&
2、 n抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会3.reform vt.& vi.改革；革新n改革；改造；改良4.hire vt.& n租用；雇用5.thoughtful adj.关切的；体贴的；深思的6.justice n正义；公平7.insert vt.嵌入；插入8.despite prep.尽管；不管9.hardship n苦难；困苦10.luggage n行李(美baggage)11.thankful adj.感激的；感谢的12.boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期13.civil adj.公民的；国内的；民间的拓展单词1.distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的disti
3、nction n差别；区分；卓著2.immigrant n. (从外国移入的)移民immigrate vi.移入(外国定居)immigration n移民；移居入境3._means n手段；方法mean v意味着adj.吝啬的meaning n意思；意义(拓展速记1)4.majority n大多数；大半major adj.主要的vi.主修n专业minority n少数5.elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人election n选举6.crossing n横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道cross vi.横过7.applicant n申请人apply vi.& vt.申请applicati
4、on n申请书；申请8.indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示indicator n指示者；指示器indication n指示；表明9.apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地10.fascinating adj.迷人的；吸引人的fascinated adj.着迷的；被深深吸引的fascinate vi.入迷vt.使着迷；使神魂颠倒fascination n魅力；魔力；入迷11.punishment n处罚；惩罚punish v处罚；惩罚语境活用用所给词的适当形式填空1.He indicated that I should
5、give him some indications of how I did in the test. (indicate)2.Apparently, she took no notice of the apparent mistakes in the accident. (apparent)3.All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 5th. (apply)4.It is bad news for
6、the immigrants that the UK made new laws to restrict immigration. Those who want to immigrate to the UK must fulfill more requirements. (immigrate)5.He won the election and was elected president of the country. (elect)6.The results of the survey fell into distinct groups. The old were scholars of gr
7、eat distinction while the young were the opposite. (distinct)7.One of the major problems is that a majority of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job. (majority)8.“Walk across this street and turn left at the first crossing，” the boy told the lady. (cross)走进高考1.means
8、 熟义：n.手段；方法生义：n.财富；钱财 Are the monthly repayments within your means ( Can you afford them)？2.distinct熟义：adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的生义：adj.截然不同的；有区别的 There are two distinct groups of people within the UK figures.1.live on继续存在；继续生存2.by means of.用办法；借助3.make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4.keep up坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)5.back to bac
9、k背靠背6.team up with.与合作或一起工作7.mark out用线画出范围；标出界线8.take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗(拓展速记2，3)9.a great/good many许多；很多10.apply for申请；请示得到语境活用用左栏短语的适当形式填空1.He died ten years ago, but his memory lives on.2.The thief had wanted to escape by means of a secret tunnel, but was caught.3.On the way to the hotel, I asked him
10、 a great many questions.4.He preferred to go into business alone rather than team up with anyone else.5.When we arrived at the kindergarten, we saw a group of children sitting in a row back to back, playing a game.6.Some people from the country find it hard to make a life in big cities.7.My house is
11、 full. I cant take in any more guests.8.In doing my reading, I often mark out what I regard as important in a book.1.It is likely that.“很可能”原句However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，土著美国人很有可能在至少一万五千年前就在加利福尼亚生活了。仿写对我们学生而言参观长城很有可能是一次
12、难忘的经历。It is likely that a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience.2.That is why.“那就是的原因”原句That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。仿写他迷恋电脑游戏，那就是他为什么必须辍学的原因。He is addicted to computer game
13、s, and thats why he has to drop out of school3.It is believed that.“人们认为/相信”原句It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以致于不可能存在一种明
14、显主要的种族或文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。仿写人们相信努力工作就能成功。It is believed that hard work can lead to success.4.过去分词作状语原句Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horsedrawn trams.缆车系统建于1873年，是由安德鲁哈利迪发明的，他试图找到一种比马拉轨道车更好的交通方式。仿写老师对他所做的事情很满意，
15、于是在班上表扬了他。Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in the class.1.单复数同形的名词aircraft飞机antelope羚羊bison野牛buffalo水牛crab螃蟹Cantonese广东人Chinese中国人deer鹿fish鱼Japanese日本人means方法reindeer驯鹿sheep绵羊Swiss瑞士人series系列spacecraft太空船species种类2.“v.in”短语集萃(一)believe in信任bring in引起；产生；带来call in召来drop in偶然来访；顺便走访
16、fill in填充get in收获give in屈服hand in上交；递交involve in涉及3.“v.in”短语集萃(二)join in加入；参加lie in在于major in主修pull in (车)进站；吸入put in放进；提出result in导致share in共享succeed in成功take in包括；吸收；消化；欺骗turn in上交考点串讲重点突破1means n手段；方法|对接高考|单句语法填空 (重庆卷阅读理解)In other words, English weatherspeak is a means (mean) of social bonding.Ev
17、ery possible means has been tried (try), but none has worked.Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing parttime jobs.|考点归纳|a means of communication一种通讯/交流工具by all means(用于交际用语表示同意)当然可以；没问题by means of通过；用；借助于by no means决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)by this means用这种方法|名师点睛|means用作“方式，方法”时单复数同形
18、。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。|能力提升|句型转换You shall by no means make the mistake again.By no means shall you make the mistake again. (改为倒装句)2majority n大部分；大多数；大半|对接高考|单句语法填空 (安徽卷阅读理解)For many years, the majority (major) of Irish people earned their liv
19、ing as farmers.I major in English at university.A majority of Africans are (be) forced to work for the Europeans.|考点归纳|(1)a/the majority of.大多数be in the/a majority占大部分/大多数(2)minority n少数in the minority占少数(3)major n& v主修；专业major in.主修；以为专业|名师点睛|(1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。(2)“the/a majority o
20、f名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致。|能力提升|完美写作背诵(2015年浙江卷书面表达)当我有不同意见的时候，我可能选择放弃自己的观点，尊重大多数人的观点。When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority3occur vi.发生；存在；出现；(想法)产生|对接高考|单句语法填空/单句改错(天津卷阅读理解)It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship.It didnt oc
21、cur to her to ask (ask) for help.As they went down, the weather got worse. Then another trouble was occurred.去掉was|考点归纳|sth. occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that .某人突然想起It occurs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想起做某事4make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生|对接高考|完成句子The operation should enable Bobby to
22、live/lead a normal life (过一种正常的生活)They went to London and decided to make a life (习惯于新的生活方式) there.The doctor believes he can bring her back to life (让她苏醒过来)To our surprise, he came to life (苏醒过来) soon.|考点归纳|(1)come to life苏醒；变得活跃live/lead a.life过着一种的生活come back to life苏醒过来；恢复生气bring.back to life使苏醒
23、过来；给活力(2)make/earn a/ones living谋生5take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留；改小；改瘦|对接高考|写出下列句子中黑体部分的含义The dress was big so I had to take in at the waist.改小I found it easy to take in what the teacher said in class.理解We plan to take in more new club members.吸收Women are often taken in by products for losing weight.欺骗He w
24、as homeless, so we took him in.收留The tour takes in six European capitals.包括；包含|考点归纳|take back收回；取回take down拿下；写下；记下take on呈现；雇用；承担take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下take over接收；接管；取代take up占去；占据；开始从事6That/This is why.那/这就是的原因(教材佳句)That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language
25、.那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。 |对接高考|单句语法填空 (2015年广东卷阅读理解)That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.The reason why he has had such a success is that he never gives up.The reason that he was ill ye
26、sterday is such a bad excuse.|考点归纳|(1)this/that is because .这/那是因为(2)this is the reason why .这就是的原因(3)the reason why.is that.的原因是(why引导定语从句)(4)the reason that.is.的原因是(that引导同位语从句)7by the time从句(教材佳句)By the time California elected to become the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850, it was alr
27、eady a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。|对接高考|单句语法填空 By the end of next month, we will have finished (finish) our project.By the time he was twelve, he had learned (learn)mathematics all by himself.By the time he went abroad, he was (be) fourteen.By now, we have realize
28、d (realize) its importance.|考点归纳|(1)by the time从句，意为“当的时候”，如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明过去某个时候的状况，主句常用一般过去时。(2)by the time引导时间状语从句，意为“到时候为止”。(3)by the time一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。(4)by the time一般现在时(表将来)，主句常用将来完成时。Part 1Part 2The number of immigrants to America is the largest in the world, the majority of whom are fro
29、m Europe. Nowhere else in the world like America attracts so many immigrants. A great many of them suffered hardships and racial prejudice but still managed to make a new life there.In the history，the Chinese immigration into California dates back to the 1850s. A great many Chinese went to Californi
30、a to make a fortune. After their arrival, some of them suffered a lot, but they gradually took in American English. Most of them kept up their Chinese customs, so the customs live on in their new home. They did really make a great contribution to the development of America.随堂检测基础过关.单句语法填空1Only by th
31、is means can you do it well.2The majority were/was (be) on the Englands team, which greatly disappointed them.3The Browns settled down in China and made a life for themselves.4Jack overslept this morning.That is why he was late for work.5In the past few years, the village has taken on a new look.6Ru
32、dolph just stood there, saying nothing. Apparently (apparent) he was a man of few words.7Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive punishment (punish)8The advertisement for engineers in the local paper attracted many applicants (apply)9On his arrival (arrive) in Beijing, he gave his mother
33、 a call at once.10Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to keep up his courage.单句改错1It occurred her to adopt all possible means to solve the problem._答案：occured后加to2There were over 500 applicants to the job._答案：tofor3The majority of the students has passed their biology exam._答案：hashave4He was
34、 elected the president of the company，and the news came, in fact, as a surprise._答案：去掉第一个the5At the meeting, young people were on the majority._答案：onin话题拓展素养升华.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。California is the third largest state in the USA 1.but has the largest population.It is the most multi
35、cultural state in the USA. This is not 2.surprising (surprise) when you know the history of California 3.which has attracted people from nearly every country in the world. No one really knows when the first settlers arrived in 4.what we now know as California. Scientists believe that the Native Amer
36、icans reached America 5.by means of a land bridge. In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men. In 1848, gold was discovered in California and 6.the dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the worl
37、d. In fact, few achieved their dream, but most remained in California to make a life for 7.themselves (they)In more recent decades, California has become home 8.to more people from Asia. It 9.is believed (believe) that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great 10.that there will be no di
38、stinct major racial or cultural groups.话题中的写作根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面的小作文。1自从1978年改革以来，中国经历了移民大潮。(reform)2据报道，成千上万的农民从农村来到城市。(it作形式主语的主语从句)3尽管艰苦，但他们中的大多数能相互合作，尽快适应城市生活。(majority, team up with, make a life, hardship)4很明显，有些甚至申请了城市居民权。(apparently, apply for)5他们通过努力工作为城市的繁荣做出了巨大贡献。(boom, by means of)_One po
39、ssible version：Since the reform in 1978，China has experienced immigration movements.It is reported that thousands of farmers came from the countryside to the cities. The majority of them can team up with each other to make a life in the cities，despite great hardships，and apparently，some even have applied for the right to live in the city. They have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard.
