1、Module 3 Foreign Food话 题 导 读导语：饮食是一种文化。看看西方餐桌上的礼仪吧。这将更好地帮助你了解中西方饮食文化有什么不同。TABLE MANNERS AT A DINNER PARTYPeople who go to a formal Western dinner party for the first time may be surprised by table manners in Western culture.Knowing them will help you make a good impression.Having good table manners
2、means knowing，for example，how to use knives and forks，when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.Beside your napkin(餐巾)you will find a small bread roll and three glassesone for white wine，one for red wine，and one for water.There are two pairs of knives and forks on the table，forks on the l
3、eft and knives on the right of the plate.When you see two spoons，the big one is for the soup and the small one is for the dessert.The knife and fork that is closest to your plate is a little bit bigger than the pair beside them.When you sit down at the table，you can take your napkin，unfold it and pu
4、t it on your lap.In China you usually get a hot，damp cloth to clean your face and hands，which，however，is not the custom in Western countries.Dinner starts with a small dish，which is often called a starter.Some people pray before they start eating，and other people may keep silent for a moment.Then yo
5、u can say“Enjoy your meal”to each other and everybody starts eating.For the starter，which you eat with the smaller pair，you keep the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left.After the starter you will get a bowl of soupbut only one bowl of soup and never ask for a second serving.The next d
6、ish is the main course.Many Westerners think the chicken breast with its tender(嫩的)white flesh is the best part of the bird.Some people can use their fingers when eating chicken or other birds，but never touch beef or other meat on bones.It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate，so dont
7、take more food than you need.At table(在吃饭，在进餐)，you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot，but do not laugh all the time.Section Introduction&Reading and VocabularyComprehending练读文 记词汇 学翻译1 教材助读先读通Passage 1Chinese people think a lot about food.In fact,I think that they are sometimes obsessed wit
8、h it.My first experience of this aspect of Chinese culture came at a banquet during a trip to Beijing in 1998.I had eaten Chinese food often,but I could not have imagined how fabulous a real Chinese banquet could be.The first six or seven dishes seemed to fill the table,with plates dangerously balan
9、ced one on top of another.I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served，and I started eating greedily.Everyone else just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their chopsticks down，continuing to chat.“They cant have very big appetites，”I thought.To my surprise，more di
10、shes arrived,plus soups,side dishes,and desserts.There was enough to feed a whole army.No wonder my fellow guests had had only a few bites of each dish;they knew what was still to come.But I was already so full that I could only watch as the banquet continued.Another aspect of“food culture”is that t
11、he Chinese seem to eat almost every part of every animalmuch to the horror of many westerners.Stomach，intestines，ears,tongue，tail,hoof，and lungs are all likely to end up21 on the dinner table in front of you.The first time22 I saw a three-year-old kid cheerfully chewing23 a chickens head I had bad d
12、reams for weeks.These days I enjoy that sort of food myself.On a recent trip to24 the United States I suddenly felt like25 some Chinese delicacies26，and asked the guy at the meat counter of a supermarket，“Do you have pigs ears？”“No，”he said,pulling at his own ear27，“just these ordinary ones.”He must
13、 have thought28 I was joking.However，there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me to accept29.The infamous30 choudoufu is an example.(The name says it all：“stinky tofu”)Just when I got used to31 it,I foundanother variety on a trip to Hunan:deep-fried choudoufu，a horrible black substa
14、nce that looked and smelled about as appetising32 as a burnt tennis shoe33.Maybe Ill get used to that，toosomeday34.Passage 2The first time I ate British food I was in the canteen of a London publisher.Some people just sat down on the sofa to eat.I was amazed at35 their easy and graceful manner36 whi
15、le37 I stood there feeling somewhat confused by the food38.At the counter there were colourful mixtures in eight or nine big boxes.It was quite hard to make out39 what they contained40.The waiter put these foods inside bread or potatoes according to peoples requirements41.I still remember what I ate
16、：a tuna42 fish and cheese sandwich.It didnt actually taste bad，but to me the cold fish,cold cheese,and even the bread from the fridge,was a meal that would make you feel cold inside43.Later，I found out44 that British people like cold food.Their salad，for example,is made from45 vegetables which are o
17、nly washed before serving,while Chinese food is prepared more carefully.The Chinese have a fixed46 phrase“cold leftovers”.Cold food means povertyyou dont give it to a guest!No wonder westerners like Chinese food.I also learned that the English like to mix food before serving it at the table.I once o
18、rdered mushroom47 soup in a restaurant and was astonished when it was brought to the table.It seemed to be just a bowl of grey liquid and it was only after I had tasted it that I knew it was actually cooked with mushrooms.The things inside sandwiches and baked potatoes are also various kinds of mash
19、ed48food,like the fillings49 of jiaozi in Beijing.The food here goes against50 the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table.Chinese dishescan be photographed51 and have a nice appearance.We would never mash food into an unrecognisable52 shape.Whats more53，the names of many kinds of Engl
20、ish food are hard to remember54.In fact,they often use French or Italian words.But one thing I do55 admire is the polite manner in which British people eat,even if it is just a potato.再记住 obsessbsesv.使着迷be obsessed with/by 对着迷banquetbkwItn.宴会fabulous adj.极好的；绝妙的dishdIn.一道菜balance v使保持平衡；立稳balance 还可
21、作名词，如 lose/keep ones balance 失去/保持平衡with plates dangerously balanced.是 with 复合结构，在句中作状语。to be served 是动词不定式的被动式作后置定语，修饰dishes。greedilyri dIliadv.贪婪地greedy adj.贪婪的；贪心的chopsticktp stIkn.(常复)筷子a pair of chopsticks 一双筷子continuing to chat 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。appetite n胃口；食欲to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是to ones joy/de
22、light 使某人高兴的是若修饰此类短语，可在 to 前面加上 much 或 greatly。dessertdIz tn.甜食desert n沙漠 v.遗弃；擅离no wonder 难怪Its no wonder that.难怪so full that I could only watch as the banquet continued 是so.that.结构，在本句中，as 引导了一个时间状语从句。that the Chinese seem to eat.是 that 引导的表语从句。much to the horror of sb.令某人深感恐怖的是intestineIntestInn.
23、(常复)肠tonguetn.舌头hoofhu fn.(猪、牛等的)蹄21 end up 结束；(尤指经历一系列意料之外的事情后)最终处于22 the first time 是名词词组，起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。可引导时间状语从句的名词词组还有：the moment/minute/instant 一就；next time 下次；every/each time 每次；the last time 上次；any time 任何时候。23 chewtu v.咀嚼24 on a trip to 在去的旅行中25 feel like 想要feel like doing 想要做would like to
24、do 想要做26 delicacydelIksin.佳肴；珍馐27 pulling at his own ear 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。28 must have thought“一定认为”，表示对过去情况的肯定推测。29 that have taken longer for me to accept 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 foods。30 infamousInfmsadj.臭名昭著的；声名狼藉的famous adj.著名的31 get used to 习惯于，to 为介词。be/get/become used to doing 习惯于做32 appetisingp taIzI
25、adj.开胃的；增进食欲的33 that looked and smelled.是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰substance。34 someday adv.(将来)有一天one day(过去或将来)有一天35 be amazed at 因而惊讶amazing adj.令人惊讶的36 mannermnn.方式；方法good/bad manners 有/没有礼貌37 while 在此处表示对比，意为“而，却，但是”。38 feeling somewhat confused by the food 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。39 make out 看出；理解；弄清楚40 It was qui
26、te hard to make out.中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语 to make out.41 requirementrIkwaImntn.要求后跟同位语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用“(should)动词原形”。42 tunatju nn.金枪鱼43 that would make you feel.是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 a meal。44 find out 发现；弄明白45 be made from 由制成(看不出原材料)be made of 由制成(能看出原材料)be made into 被制成46 fixedfIkstadj.固定的47 mushroomm
27、ru mn.蘑菇48 mashmv.捣烂；捣成泥状49 fillingfIlIn.馅50 go against 违反；与不符51 can be photographed 是含情态动词的被动语态。52 unrecognisablenrek naIzbladj.无法辨认的recognise v认出recognisable adj.能辨认的53 whats more 此外；而且其他表示递进关系的连接词(组)：whats worse/worse still 更糟的是；in addition 另外，除此之外；above all 尤其是，最重要的是；moreover 此外，而且；besides 除之外(还
28、)。54 be hard to remember 很难记住55 do 用来强调动词，常意为“确实，的确”。再翻译 第一篇中国人对食物想法颇多。事实上，我觉得他们有时候对此到了痴迷的程度。我第一次体验中国文化的这一方面是于 1998 年在北京旅游时的一次宴会上。我以前也经常吃中餐，但从没有想到真正的中式宴席会那么丰盛。首先上来的六七个菜好像就已经填满了桌子，盘子都很危险地交互摞着。我以为这么多的食物就是所有要上的菜了，便开始大口吃起来。其他的人都只是对每个菜尝了一点儿，然后放下筷子继续聊天。我想：“他们可能没有很大的胃口。”使我惊奇的是，更多的菜又被端上来了，另外还有汤、小菜及甜点。这些菜够一整
29、支军队的人吃了。怪不得跟我一起的客人每道菜也就浅尝几口；他们知道还有什么菜要上呢。但是我已经吃得太饱了，以至于宴席还继续着的时候我只有看的份儿了。“(中国)饮食文化”的另外一个方面是中国人似乎会食用几乎所有动物的任一部位这令很多西方人深感恐怖。胃、肠子、耳朵、舌头、尾巴、蹄子以及肺部都有可能最终摆在你面前的餐桌上。我第一次看到一个三岁大的孩子高兴地啃着一个鸡头时，我一连做了几个星期的噩梦。如今我自己也喜欢上了那类食物。在最近一次到美国的旅行中，我突然想吃一些中国的美味，然后就问一家超市里卖肉的柜台前的那个小伙子：“你这儿有猪耳朵吗？”“没有，”他拽着自己的耳朵说，“只有这些普通的。”他肯定以为
30、我在开玩笑。然而，还有一些食物让我花了更长的时间才接受得了。“臭名昭著”的臭豆腐就是一个例子。(从名字上就全看出来了：“发臭的豆腐”。)就在我刚刚习惯了它的味道的时候，我在到湖南的一次旅行中又发现了另外一种：油炸臭豆腐，令人恐怖的黑乎乎的一团，看起来、闻起来都像是一只烧焦了的网球鞋。或许有那么一天我也会习惯吃它的。第二篇我第一次吃英国食物是在一家伦敦出版社的餐厅。有些人就坐在沙发上吃着自己的食物。我惊讶于他们闲适优雅的举止，而我却站在那儿对他们的食物感到有些茫然。柜台前的八九个大盒子里装着各色的混在一起的东西。很难弄清楚他们究竟是什么做的。服务员按照客人的要求往面包或土豆里面塞入这些食物。我仍
31、然记得我吃的东西：一条金枪鱼和奶酪三明治。味道确实不错，但是冰冷的金枪鱼，冰冷的奶酪，甚至连面包也是刚从冰箱里拿出来的，这些让我知道一顿饭居然可以让人吃得透心凉。后来，我发现英国人喜欢吃冷食。比如说他们做色拉的蔬菜只是在吃前洗一洗，然而中国的食物准备得更精细。中国人有个成语叫“残羹冷炙”。冷菜冷饭意味着贫穷你是不会用它来招待客人的！怪不得西方人喜欢中国食物。我还知道了英国人喜欢搅拌食物，然后再端上桌。一次我在饭店里点了蘑菇汤，刚端上桌来的时候吓了我一跳。看上去那只是一碗灰色的汤，直到我尝了一下以后才知道那实际上是用蘑菇做的。夹在三明治和烤土豆里面的东西也都是各种捣烂的食物，和北京的饺子馅儿很相
32、似。这里的饮食跟中国人在餐桌上的美感、风格大相径庭。中国菜外观非常好看，可以拍照。我们永远不会把食物捣成一种无法辨认的形状。此外，许多种英国食物的名字也很难记住。事实上，它们经常使用法文或者意大利文。但是的确让我非常钦佩的一件事是英国人吃饭的礼貌举止，哪怕仅仅是一个土豆，他们也会吃得斯斯文文。通语篇 学理解 重分析2语篇理解.Read the text and choose the main idea of the passages.Passage 1AThe writer doesnt like Chinese food.BThe writer hasnt got used to most
33、Chinese food yet.CThe writer likes most Chinese food.Passage 2AThe writer doesnt like British food.BThe writer doesnt like the way British food is prepared and served.CThe writer doesnt like the way the British eat.答案：12 CB.Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.1It
34、 seems that the writer in Paragraph 1 felt at how much food a real Chinese banquet could have.Adisappointed BinterestedCincredible Dterrible2We can infer from Passage 1 that the writer.Ahad a low opinion of Chinese foodBhad a good impression of Chinese foodCthought Chinese people wasted lots of food
35、Dthought the people at table had small appetites3From Passage 2,we know that Chinese food.Apays much attention to beauty and style besides its tasteBincludes various kinds of mashed foodCoften has an unrecognizable shapeDis prepared with little care4According to Passage 2,what impressed the writer m
36、ost?AThe taste of British food.BThe names of British food.CThe styles of British food.DThe manner in which the British eat.答案：14 CBAD.Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1Their salad,for example,is made from vegetables which are only washed before serving,while Chinese food is prep
37、ared more carefully.分析本句由表示对比的并列连词 while 连接一个_句和一个_句；while 前的_句中，for example 作_语，which 引导的_从句修饰先行词 vegetables。复合简单复合插入定语翻译 比如说他们做色拉的蔬菜只是在吃前洗一洗，然而中国的食物准备得更精细。2It seemed to be just a bowl of grey liquid and it was only after I had tasted it that I knew it was actually cooked with mushrooms.分析翻译 看上去那只是一碗灰色的汤，直到我尝了一下才知道那实际上是用蘑菇做的。
