1、Module 4 CarnivalPeriod 3 Grammar 语法专题课被动语态【课前热身】观察下面教材中的句子,用所给词的适当形式完成句子,并体会其用法。In Europe,where it began,carnival _(follow)by forty days without meat.was followedTheir use _(limit)by laws,the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century.In later times more laws _(pass).was limitedwere passed
2、Today,carnival in Venice _(celebrate)for five days in February.Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets _ _(crowd)with wonderful costumes.is celebratedarecrowded【课堂诠解】.语态概述 英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。它们是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。例如:He opened the door.他打开了门。(主动句)The door w
3、as opened.门被打开了。(被动句).被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。下面以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时am/is/are taught一般过去时was/were taught一般将来时will/shall be taught现在进行时am/is/are being taught过去进行时was/were being taught现在完成时have/has been taught过去完成时had been taught.被动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。一些新
4、电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)Some new computers _ _ last night.were stolen这所学校是10年前建成的。(不知是谁建的)The school _ _ 10 years ago.was built2.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。需要更加努力学习。More efforts should _ _ to study.Can this bike be repaired here?(翻译)_be made这辆自行车能在这儿修吗?.主动语态变被动语态的方法1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词),根据被动
5、语态中主语的人称和数,以及主动语态中动词的时态来决定be动词的形式。3.主动语态的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。(把下面的句子改为被动语态)All the people laughed at him._They make the bikes in the factory._He was laughed at by all the people.The bikes are made by them in the factory.【巧学助记】主动变被动记忆歌诀 宾变主,主变宾,by的短语后面跟;谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。.使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1.不及物动词或部分短
6、语动词没有被动语态。这类动词(短语)常有:die,end,fail,rise,break out,take place,occur,happen,belong to,consist of,date back to,come out,run out等。玛丽也想到了这个主意。The same idea _ to Mary.这本新书何时出版?When will the new book _ _?occurredcome out2.有些动词既是及物动词也是不及物动词。当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用,表示主语内在的品质和性能时,它们是不及物动词,常用主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词有
7、:wash,sell,read,wear,write,draw,build,cook,clean等。这支钢笔写字很流畅。This pen _ _.这本新书很畅销。(翻译)_writes smoothlyThis new book sells well.3.感官动词或使役动词的主动语态中常使用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但变为被动语态时,必须加上to。(把下面的句子改为被动语态)(2018全国卷)Small talk makes people feel good.People _ _ _ _ good by small talk.I heard her move about in her
8、room upstairs last night.She was heard _ _ _ in her room upstairs last night by me.are made to feelto move about4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词由与其搭配的动词决定。(把下面的句子改为被动语态)His friend offered him much money to help him survive the financial crisis.Much money _ _ _ him by his friend to help h
9、im survive the financial crisis.My father bought me a new bike.A new bike _ _ _ me by my father.was offered towas bought for5.一些“动词+介词或副词”构成动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能漏掉其中的介词或副词。这类短语有:agree to,laugh at,ask for,listen to,look after,operate on等。(把下面的句子改为被动语态)She has looked after her elderly parents f
10、or many years._You must take care of your books._Her elderly parents have been looked after by herfor many years.Your books must be taken care of(by you).6.含有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的主动句,宾语补足语仍然保留在谓语动词后面。(把下面的句子改为被动语态)We found a man lying on the ground,unconscious._We always keep the classroom clean._A man wa
11、s found(by us)lying on the ground,unconscious.The classroom is always kept clean by us.7.含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。(把下面的句子改为被动语态)We can repair this watch in two days.This watch _ _ _ in two days by us.You ought to take it away.It _ _ _ _ _ by you.can be repairedought to be taken away8.一
12、些句子中如果含有动宾结构构成的短语,可以有两种变被动语态的形式(把下面的句子改为被动语态)We should make full use of the time to study English.The time should _ _ full use of to study English by us.Full use should _ _ _ the time to study English by us.be madebe made ofMary took good care of my sister when I was away.My sister _ _ _ _ _ by Mary when I was away.Good care _ _ _ my sister by Mary when I was away.was taken good care ofwas taken of【共享课堂】1.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态。2.掌握各种时态(包括情态动词)的被动语态的谓语形式,理解并会运用主动语态表示被动含义。
