1、高考资源网提供高考试题、高考模拟题，发布高考信息题本站投稿专用信箱：ks5u，来信请注明投稿，一经采纳，待遇从优2008届高考第二轮复习英语语法讲解动词及动词短语辨析动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise,
2、advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。（一）易混动词1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词
3、构成见下表：中 文 原 形 过 去 式 过去分词 现在分词 说 明放 lay, laid, laid, laying 及物动词躺 lie, lay, lain, lying 不及物动词说谎 lie, lied, lied, lying 不及物动词2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，
4、剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）5、wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hang
5、ed。7、hear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myse
6、lf in the armchair.9、borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。 10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。11、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其
7、用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 13、take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴
8、)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。16、reach，arrive与get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。17、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 花费讲，主语不
9、能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work.18、lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing.19、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态
10、，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my children in the morning every day.20、begin与startbegin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because th
11、ere was a lot traffic in the street。21、allow 与permitallow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.22、find与foundfind找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词建立的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.23、speak, say, talk 与tell英文中
12、讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It couldnt tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said 。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can you tell me the d
13、ifference between the two？而讲别 人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son.。24、excuse me 与sorryexcuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。25、care for 与care to docare for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。26、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice
14、(n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain
15、遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。28、动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with 29、动词 + 介词to的词组有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to
16、, devote to, reply to 30、与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in （二）动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点：1、根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。(I)动词+副词(不及物)Harry turned up after the party when everyone had
17、 left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(2)动词+副词(及物)Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She gave them away. 她 送掉了它们。(3)动词+介词(及物)Im looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在
18、宾语后面。动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：Shes got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。(4)动词+副词+介词I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。注：动词+介词、动词+名词+副词、动词+副词+介词，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词
19、和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：hear from收到的来信，hear of听说。 look after照料，look at看，look for寻找。(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话 put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up挂起，举起。(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：look for寻找, call for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for请求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫
20、。(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：break out发生，爆炸, carry out进行，开展, go out熄灭, hand out分发, let out放出, look out当心, sell out卖完, set out出发, take out取出, work out算出。break down出毛病, come down落下来, get down下车, take down取下, write down写下。实战分析：动词短语是历年高考考查的一个热点，每年必考。在每年的单项填空题15道题中至少有一道题测试动词短语。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词短语来测试考生在具体语境中
21、对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。动词短语考查面广，灵活度强，在历年高考题拟题中倍受青睐。实战1Some of the students have already learned enough English to _ a conversation with a native English speaker.A. hold on B. keep on C. go on D. carry on【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是不仅要理解供选择的四个动词短语的意义，而且要结合题干中的名词与动词短语的关系来进行判断选择。【答案解析】选项A、B、C三个动词短语都表示继续之意，与题干中名词a conversa
22、tion with a native English speaker构成短语，不符句意。答案D。实战2 Youd better fly somewhere in the west. Then you can _ a hire car and travel around.A. take up B. get on C. pick up D. turn on【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据所给动词短语的意思，结合题干句作出正确选择。【答案解析】take up开始学，从事，占去； get on 上车，相处,进展； pick up 拾起，学会，收听到，搭车；turn on打开。根据句子意思，应选择pi
23、ck up，搭乘出租车。答案C。实战3Weve invited Mr and Mrs Brown to dinner. But well have to because of the babys sickness.A. took up B. made up C. gave up D. put off【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是注意区别give up与put off的差异。【答案解析】根据句子意思，首先排除选项A开始学，从事，占去；B组成，构成；而选项C（give up放弃）强调主观意义，不符句子意思，故应选put off（推迟）。答案D。实战4They have most carefully
24、 the time and money needed to complete the project.A. picked out B. left out C. figured out D. taken out 【解题关键】 由于选项B、C两个动词短语为不常见短语，意义生疏，故解题时必须根据题干句子意思进行排除选择。【答案解析】pick out挑出，选出； leave out 漏掉；figure out算出； take out拿出，取出。根据句子意思：他们十分仔细地算出了完成工程所需要的钱和时间，故应选figure out。答案C。实战5The actress who had been thou
25、ght highly of to be a great disappointment.A. turned up B. turned out C. turned down D. turned in【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是理解句意：区别四个由动词turn所构成的短语意义，作出正确选择。【答案解析】turn up调大（音量），出现；turn out结果是，证明是，生产，制造； turn down调低，拒绝；turn in交上去。答案B。实战6-Its a good idea. But whos going to _the plan?-I think Tom and Mike will.A. c
26、arry out B. get through C. take in D. set aside【解题关键】该题提供的四个短语意义较广，解答该题的关键必须结合句子意思进行排除从而得出正确答案。【答案解析】carry out执行，实行；get through完成，度过，通过；take in吸收，领会； set aside不理会，搁置。根据句子的意思：这是一个好主意， 但谁去执行这个计划呢？故选carry out。答案A。实战7Most people didnt accept the theory when it was first _.A. set about B. set off C. put
27、forward D. put out【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是结合句子的意思将短语代入，采用排除法进行选择，注意句子的意思与选项动词短语的意义一致。【答案解析】set about 着手；set off出发，激发； put forward提出； put out扑灭。句意为：当这个理论最初被提出时，绝大多数人不能接受。故选put forward。答案C。实战8 Without proper lessons, you could _ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.A. give up B. catch up C. keep up D. pi
28、ck up【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意短语pick up的意义及题干句意的理解。【答案解析】give up放弃；catch up赶上； keep up维持； pick up学会，搭车，拾起，收听到，无意中得到。根据句子的意思：如果没有正确的指导，弹钢琴时就会染上许多坏习惯。答案D。练习、动词词义辨析1.I can hardly _ the difference between the two words. A. pointB.speakC.sayD.tell2.I _ you will write me back soon.A. wishB.hopeC.wantD.need3.I as
29、ked him to _ me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him.A. spendB. spareC.saveD. share4. Father will not _ us to touch anything in his room when he is away.A. haveB.letC. agreeD. allow5.I learned to _ a bicycle as a small boy.A. rideB. driveC. operateD.run6.I can _ you to the railway stat
30、ion in my car.A. sendB.pickC.rideD.take7.If no one _ the phone at home, ring me at work.A. answersB. returnsC. repliesD. receives8.1 dont know the restaurant, but its_ to be quite a good one.A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, youd better_ them for her. A. bring
31、B. carryC.takeD. fetch10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously _.A. hurtB. killedC. brokenD.cut11. Careless driving _ a lot of highway accidents.A. affectsB. givesC. causesD. results12. Ive_my umbrella in the office and Ill have to fetch it.A. forgotB.leftC. remaine
32、dD.lost13 .The doctor says a few days rest in a quiet place will _ you a lot of good.A. makeB.doC.giveD.get14. His heart _ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.A. beatB.hitC. jumpedD.ran15. The cooking chicken _ very good.A. smellsB. feelsC. soundsD. tastes16. Most children stay at h
33、ome until they _ school age.A. getB.comeC. reachD. arrive17. A single mistake here could _ you your life. A. payB.takeC. spendD.cost18. The boy works hard. I_ him to succeed in the exam.A. likeB. expectC. thinkD.need19. We _ each other the best of luck in the examination.A. hopedB. wantedC. expected
34、D. wished20. Im afraid Mr Brown isnt in. Would you like to_a message?A.giveB.leaveC.carryD.take21. Do you know the girl _ a red coat?A. dressed in B. had on C. wore D. put on22. The assistant suggested Mary _ the blue skirt.A. buying B. bought C. to buy D. could buy23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin
35、 _ to America for further study.A. should send B. would be sent C. sending D.be sent24. Old Mr Jackson insisted _ to the Friendship Hospital.A. on being sent B. to send C. on sending D. being sent25. The father insisted that their son Tom _ clever enough to study music.A. be B. should be C.was D. wo
36、uld be26.I _ the television set for 1,500 yuan. A. boughtB.paidC.costD. spent27.I _ play football than basketball.A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer28. - What are you doing? - Im looking_ the children. They should be back for lunch now.A.afterB.atC.forD.up29. The sports meet will
37、 be _ till next week because of the bad weather.A. put offB. put away C. put upD. put down30.I really dont want to go to the party, but I dont see how I can _ it.A. get back from B. get out of C. get away D. get off31. Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A. get ov
38、er B. get in C; get along D. get through32. Many foreigners _ the Great Wall as the Worlds Seventh Wonder.A. look at B. look for C. look around D. look on 33.1 can t hear clearly. Please _ the radio _ a little.A.tum;on B.tum;off C.tum;down D.tum;up34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - f
39、our _.A. turned in B. turned up C. turned to D. turn up35. The child is running a high fever. We must_ a doctor at once.A. send in B. send out C. send for D. send up36. Im going to a pop concert with Tom. Hell _ me at eight and well go there togethe;A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up37. It
40、 is often easier to make plans than it is to _.A. carry on them B. carry out them C. carry them on D. carry them out38. Your composition must be _ after class.A. handed to B. handed out C. handed in D. handed over39. A new school was _ in the village last year.A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brou
41、ght up40. - When did the plane _? -At 2 oclock.A. take off B. take up C. take away D. take place41. _! Theres danger ahead. A. Look atB.Look upC.Look onD.Look out42.Lets_ to clean the house. Its too dirty.A.set aboutB.set outC.set offD.set down43.I used to _ my teacher when I was in Beijing.A. call
42、inB. call atC. call forD. call on44. He _ from his family and settled down in America.A. broke away B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in45. He had to _ his fathers business after his death, though he didnt really want to continue it.A. carry out B. pick up C. set up D. carry on46. The robbers had no
43、 trouble in _ the bank, but when they came out ,the police were waiting for them. A. breaking out B. breaking into C. breaking upD. breaking away from47. Autumn is coming. The farmers are busy_ the crops in the fields.A. moving in B. sharing in C. handing in D. getting in48. All the students _ their
44、 holidays to take part in planting trees.A. gave out B. gave in C. gave up D. gave away49. He was always the last to leave in order to clean up the workroom and _ the tools.A. put away B. take away C. push aside D. look after50._ this article and tell me what you think of it.A. Look up B. Look on C.
45、 Look intoD. Look throughKey:15 DBBDA 610 CAABA 1115 CBBAA 1620 CDBDB 2125 AADAC 2630 AACAB 3135 CDCBC 3640 ADCBA 4145 DBDAD 4650 BDCAD2006全国各省市高考试卷中的动词与动词短语试题1. (全国卷I）22. We _ the last bus and didnt have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home.2. A. reachedB. lostC. missedD. caught3. (全国卷I）27. M
46、ike didnt play football yesterday because he had _ his leg.A. damaged B. hurtC. hit D. struck4. (全国卷2)15. Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents did not _ her to do so.A. forbid B. allow C. follow D. ask 5. (上海春)43. Seans strong love for his country is _ in his recent
47、ly published poems.A. relievedB. reflected C. responded D. recovered6. (天津卷)6. We want to rent a bus which can _ 40 people for our trip to Beijing.A. loadB. holdC. fillD. support 7. (天津卷)8. Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isnt much help when it shopping and eating.
48、A. refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to8 (天津卷)10. Dont respond to any e-mails _ personal information, no matter how official they look.A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning9. (重庆卷)28.-How are you managing to do your work without an assistant?-Well，I_ somehow.A. get alongB.
49、come on C. watch out D. set off 10. (辽宁卷)22.The computer system suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in 11. (四川卷)25.-The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.-Dont worry. We have already _ two thirds of it.A. g
50、ot down B. got through C. given in D. given away12 (江西卷)34For all these years I have been working for othersIm hoping Ill _ my own business someday.A. turn up Bfix up C. set up Dmake up 13 (陕西卷)14.With no one to _ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.A. turn to B. turn on C. turn
51、off D. turn over14 (福建卷)28.She_Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely.A. picked outB. made out C. made up D. picked up15 (湖北卷)22. One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to_ healthy eating habits.A. grow B develop C. increase D. raise16. (湖北卷)25. Its already 10 oclock I w
52、onder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.A. came over B. came out C: came about D. came up 17. (湖北卷)26. The building around the comer caught fire last night. The police are now _the matter.A. seeing through B. working outC. looking into D. watching over18 (湖北卷)27. As I grew up
53、 in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village _scenes of my childhood.A. called up B. called for C. called on D. called in19 (湖北卷)28. Although the wind has _, the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.A. turned up B. gone back C. died down D. blown out20 (广东卷)24. T
54、he traffic lights green and I pulled away.A. cameB. grewC. gotD. went21 (广东卷)25. I was still sleeping when the fire_, and then it spread quickly.A. broke outB. put outC. came outD. got out22 (浙江卷)8. Were trying to ring you back, Bryan, but we think we _ your number incorrectly.A. looked up B. took d
55、own C. worked out D. brought about 23 (浙江卷)20. - What should I do first? - The instructions _ that you should mix flour with water carefully first.A. go B. tell C. write D. sa24 (安徽省)24It was already past midnight and only three young men _in the tea houseAleft Bremained Cdelayed Ddeserted25 (安徽省)33
56、- Four dollars a pair? I think its a bit too much- If you buy three pairs, the price for each will_to three fiftyAcome down Btake down Cturn over Dgo over26 (山东卷)25. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to _ a good researcher.A. makeB. turnC. getD. grow27 (山东卷)34. After he retired from office, Rogers _ painting for a while, but soon lost interest.A. took upB. saved upC. kept upD. drew up28(湖北卷)29. - I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.- _good.A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. SoundsKeys:1-10 CBBBB BDCAA 11-20 BCADB CCACD 21-27 ABDBA AAD第18页 共18页
