1、书面表达是一个高度综合性的题目,旨在考查考生的英语表达能力,看其是否能够运用所学的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。该题要求考生根据所给图表、提纲等,应用所学知识将所提示的信息组成行文连贯、文理畅通、语言得体的文章。它不但要求考生有丰富的语言语法知识,而且要有较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力,是一种复合型的题型。从近几年全国高考英语书面表达试题看,高考书面表达表现出下面的命题特点:1格局:“提示型、半开放式”写作2011年各省市的书面表达题基本都属于提示型写作,写作要求明确,提示简明,完全摒弃原有的纯粹“翻译型”命题,不再禁锢同学们的思维空间。题目设置一般都提供图画、图表、提纲等情景。试题设置
2、均为半开放式,给考生一定提示的同时,也提供了更为宽广的思维空间,使优秀考生有自由发挥的余地,这样更能全面和客观地考查考生的书面表达能力。要写出一篇好的文章,考生不仅要精确地表达所给信息,更加重要的是在自由发挥部分,要有自己独到的见解,要言之有物,言之有理,充分体现出思维的广度和深度。2体裁:应用文独占鳌头2011年的高考书面表达处处体现了新课标对高考“体现英语教学的交际性、实用性和应用性,提高考生的综合语言运用能力”的要求。依然沿袭以往的风格,强调写作的目的性和实用性。应用文仍是主打体裁。3理念:源于生活,高于生活2011年高考书面表达题贴近学生实际生活,写作话题真实,同学们有话可写。书面表达
3、情景实用性程度高,每一份试卷都符合同学们认知水平和日常生活经历;题目设计关注同学们成长,注意培养同学们良好的道德品质和健全的人格(如2011年陕西卷的有关儿童教育问题,山东卷关于如何解决学习中的困难的话题);另外,所涉及话题关注社会,富有新时代特色,能唤起同学们强烈的主人翁意识和责任感(如2011年江西卷的环保问题、重庆卷的关爱动物)。这种贴近生活、立足基础、发扬个性、关注环境的设题理念仍将是近几年高考书面表达的基本思路。提纲作文的形式是多样的,常见的有书信、日记、通知、发言稿、对某人或某物的介绍、欢迎词等。提纲作文的选材范围很广,内容简单易懂,且多是考生熟悉的话题。写作时要认真审题,把握中心
4、,注意各个要点之间的联系,且保证所给要点不遗漏。具体说来,提纲式作文分为短文提示、要点提示和表格提示。第一种是用汉语给出一段短文提示,要求根据提示写一篇100120词左右的短文,所考查的形式灵活多样,如人物介绍、地点介绍等。第二种是要点提示,这是比较常见的一种写作方式,此类题目用汉语提纲列举几个要点,提出写作要求。写作时要首先根据要点确定文章的中心思想,然后围绕中心思想和要点展开合理和适当的联想。第三种是表格提示,出题人用表格的形式给出要点,写作时我们首先要将表格中的要点扩展成一个个完整的句子,然后根据文章的中心话题和要求,把这些要点连句成文。(2011新课标全国卷)假定你是李华,正在一所英国
5、学校学习暑期课程,遇到一些困难,希望得到学校辅导中心(Learning Center)的帮助。根据学校规定,你需书面预约,请按下列要点写一封信:1本人简介;2求助内容:3约定时间;4 你 的 联 系 方 式(Email:;Phone:12345678)。注意:1词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3开头和结束语已为你写好。Dear Sir/Madam,_Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【思路点拨】第一步:确立文体:英语求助信。第二步:确立要点:(1)自我介绍;(2)遇到的困难;(3)约定时间;(4)自己的联系方式。第三步:注意
6、事项:写作要点齐全,要包括规定的所有内容;注意时态的变化。Dear Sir/Madam,Im Li Hua,a Chinese student taking summer courses in youruniversity.Im writing to ask for help.I came here last monthand found my courses interesting.But I have some difficultieswith notemaking and I have no idea of how to use the library.Iwas told the Lea
7、rning Center provides help for students and Imanxious to get help from you.I have no class on Tuesdaymornings and Friday afternoons.Please let me know which day isOK with you.You may email or phone me.Herearemyemailaddressandpleaseremember:;Phone:12345678.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【亮
8、点点击】(1)文章结构层次分明,要点齐全,使用了过渡连接词,如:and,but等。(2)使用了较为高级的词语和语态,如“have difficulties with”,“Please let me know.”。(3)使用了一些比较复杂的句型:比如同位语,宾语从句,不定式作介词的宾语等。看图作文也是常见的高考题型。其素材贴近学生生活。图画类的书面表达一般都是考生所熟悉的场景,画面生动形象,具有趣味性,体现高考书面表达“生活化”的特点。有时候还附带有英语或汉语说明,考生易获得直观信息,并能充分发挥自己的想象、观察、推理判断和语言表达的能力。一般来说,看图作文多以夹叙夹议的形式出现,即先阐述图画所
9、表达的内容,然后阐述自己的观点。因此,在具体的布局谋篇中要学会理解图画,将每幅图画的内容有机地联系在一起,而不能断章取义,误解命题人的意图。写作时可以先按照每幅图画的内容,列出简单的提纲,然后再将图画的内容串联起来。五月十七日(星期天),你和同学Mary去人民公园放风筝,请根据下列图画,用英语写一篇日记。注意:1日记必须包括所有图画的内容,可以适当增减细节;2词数100120。【思路点拨】(1)这是一篇典型的看图作文,属于日记应用文。日记的第一行,要写明年、月、日与星期,然后要写明当天的天气状况,如果是游记,还要写明地点。这一部分中天气状况比较难写。下面是一些常用的描写天气的英语词语:晴 cl
10、ear 阴 overcast 多云 cloudy 小雨 light rain 大雨 heavy rain毛毛雨 drizzle 阵雨 shower 东风 east wind 南风 south wind 西风 west wind北风 north wind 西南风 southwestern 东南风southeastern东北风 northeastern 西北风 northwestern气温temperature 炎热 scorching heat 寒冷 icy cold 下雪 snow 冰雹hail 虹 rainbow(2)日记正文可以是叙事、描述、说明、议论等各种形式。其实,由于日记是非常随便的
11、,因此上述文体常常结合在一起使用。日记内容取自生活,可长可短,有时无事可记,一两句也可以。另外,日记也应该尽可能讲究一些文采,切忌写成流水账。(3)英语日记中的缩写与省略英 语 日 记 中 的 第 一 行 的 月 份 与 星 期 通 常 都 是 缩写 的:SundaySun.MondayMon.TuesdayTues.WednesdayWed.ThursdayThur.或 Thurs.FridayFri.SaturdaySat.JanuaryJan.FebruaryFeb.MarchMar.AprilApr.MayMay.JuneJun.JulyJul.AugustAug.SeptemberS
12、ept.OctoberOct.NovemberNov.DecemberDec.May 17th,SundayFineThis morning,after I finished all my homework,I went to thePeoples Park together with my classmate Mary to fly a kite.Wegot a very nice kite,and it was such a lovely day,so we were sureto have a lot of fun.I began to fly the kite.Once it went
13、 up into the sky,I began torun very fast,in the hope that it would go higher and higher.Thensuddenly I felt something wrong.Looking up into the sky,wewere disappointed to find that the kite had got broken.In no timethe broken kite and rope fell over me.What a fool!I sat on thegrass,feeling rather as
14、hamed of what I had done.Then Mary comforted me,saying“Now,you know what makes akite fly high.Its patience and skills.”【亮点点击】(1)这一篇典型的日记,内容完整,描述形象,主题突出,语言运用贴近生活用语。(2)Once it went up into the sky,I began to run very fast,in thehope that it would go higher and higher.这是一个长句,但口感性很强。Once it went up into
15、 the sky是时间状语从句,意为“一就”;in the hope that是伴随状语。(3)in no time意为“立刻”,相当于at once,immediately,但它更加突出时间的短促。图表作文是高考英语作文考查较多的一种题型。图表类作文有表格、饼形图、曲线图、折线图等多种形式。要求考生通过对数据、文字内容进行分析,对前后变化、正反观点进行对比,或者对某产品进行介绍,系统而准确地表达出图表所示内容,并得出令人信服的结论,比如用来说明关于生产、销售、发展进程等项目的统计变化。从写作体裁看,主要有记叙文、议论文、说明文,也可以是夹叙夹议文。时态一般用一般现在时。在具体的布局谋篇中可以
16、采用三段式的结构:第一段:开门见山,点明图表要反映的主题。经常使用的词汇有:table,chart,figure;describe,tell,show,represent等,经常用到的句型有:As is shown in the graph./As is shown in thetable./It can be seen from the table that.It can be concludedfrom the graph that./Compared with./According to the survey,about.第二段:中间段落对图表的内容进行分析,可采用分类或对比来表现主题,
17、并阐明必要的理由。在叙述中要注意,切忌反复使用同一句型,忌反复出现图表中的数据,因为这样会使你的文章显得毫无生气。要注意改换叙述的句式,注意使用不同的词语及句式。在描述图表中的变化与发展趋势时常用的短语和句型有:快速上升:rise,increase;go up;sharply;rapidly;quickly;dramatically缓慢下降:decrease;reduce;come down;decline;drop;fallslowly/gradually描述数据的时候可以用到下面这些表达或词汇:转折:while;but;on the contrary;however比较:compared
18、with/to对比:in contrast to;different from;difference between类似:similar to;as/the same.as;递进:more than;less than第三段:结尾对全文进行小结,经常使用的词语及句式有:in a word,in short;generally speaking;Its clear from the.that.;Based on the description above,we can safely draw theconclusion that.假设你是李华。你将代表学校参加国际中学生论坛,就你所在城市的教育状
19、况发表演讲。请根据以下两幅图表,介绍你市高中学生构成情况及毕业去向,并针对两幅图表中的任何一个数据所反映的情况发表你自己的看法。注意:1.文章的开头和结尾已经给出;2.词数120150左右(不包括已给部分);3参考词汇:图表:chart 职业学校:vocational school 外来务工人员:nonlocal workersLadies and gentlemen,Im Li Hua.Today,Im honored to speak here on behalf of myschool.Im going to talk about the high school education of
20、 mycity.I believe the future of the education in our city is promising!Thank you.【思路点拨】(1)仔细阅读饼形图和曲线图中的要点数据。前者有三个,即:local students:91%;nonlocal students 8%;foreign students 1%;后 者 也 有 三 个 要 点:即:Go touniversity:60%;Vocational schools:30%;Go abroad:10%(2)要注意在每组数据的比较之前要有一两句的过渡语句。(3)最后,作者就图表数据体现出来的特点或不足
21、,提出自己的评价或建议。Ladies and gentlemen,Im Li Hua.Today,Im honored to speak here on behalf of myschool.Im going to talk about the high school education of mycity.From Chart 1,we can see high school students are fromdifferent family backgrounds.Besides local students,who makeup 91 percent,eight percent of t
22、he students are the children ofnonlocal workers.There are even 1 percent foreign studentsamong all the students.According to Chart 2,the studentschoices after graduation have presented a wider variety.Sixtypercent of them intend to go to university.Thirty percent chooseto enter vocational schools,an
23、d the rest ten percent plan to goabroad for further studies.(1)I think we have more freedom to choose what we would liketo do after graduation.Going to college is no longer the onlychoice for most of us as it was years ago.(2)I think our city government has made more efforts to help thenonlocal work
24、ers.For example,their children can enjoy the equalright of a good education with the city students.(3)I think with the economic development of our city,moreforeigners are attracted to set up businesses here and they arehappy to send their children to local schools to learn more aboutChina and Chines
25、e culture.I believe the future of the education in our city is promising!Thank you.【亮点点击】(1)Besides local students,who make up 91percent,eight percent of the students are the children of nonlocalworkers.此句利用介词besides和定语从句who make up 91%把两个数据灵活地呈现出来。比使用两个简单句甚至并列句在行文结构上更显多彩性,让人感兴趣。(2)Going to college
26、is no longer the only choice for most of us asit was years ago.此句使用了比较状语从句as it was years ago,与no longer(不再)在行文上构成呼应,意为“不再像几年前那样”。(3)精彩词语:make up组成;according to根据,相当于from;presented awider variety表现出相当大的不同;make more efforts to do 更加努力做;promising有前途的开放式作文不等同于一般的提纲作文,因为它不像提纲作文那样所给的要点很全面,写作时按照一定的“框框”进行发
27、挥即可,而要求考生凭借试卷上所提供的线索(包括文字提示和图画),利用发散性思维,去合理地想象、推理,然后写出一篇合情合理的文章。由此可知,开放性作文类似于语文的材料作文,不仅考查考生的语言表达能力、语言组织能力,而且还考查考生的想象力以及多角度分析问题和解决问题的能力。开放性作文是英语高考写作中难度最大的一类。(2010北京)请根据下面提示,写一篇短文。词数不少于50。In your spoken English class,your teacher shows you thefollowing picture.You are asked to describe the picture and
28、explain how you understand it.【思路点拨】1.三分之一描写要点:阳光,楼(很靠近),弯曲的树。(the sun,two apartments/flats closelylocated,thewinding/twisted tree)2三分之二议论着眼立意:(1)人生角度:在成长的道路上(树的成长),有曲折,有困难(建筑的阻挡,弯曲),但是只要向着光明和希望(太阳)去努力拼搏,坚持不懈,还是能够冲破桎梏取得成功(树在楼的夹缝中长高了,超出建筑)。(2)和谐角度:城市的发展(建筑)和环境的可持续发展(树的成长)要协调,要平衡,(在阳光下)才能欣然共存;(3)立意与现实
29、生活关系:引导90后要具有积极的生活态度,生活并非一帆风顺的。扣住低碳生活的环保热点,城市和环境的和谐发展也是低碳生活的必需。In the picture,between two closelylocated buildings grows a bigtree.Unlike most trees,this one bends in the middle,strugglingall the way up to get more sunshine.The picture reminds me ofthose who succeed in unfavorable conditions.Faced w
30、ithdifficulties,they never give up but try their best to find a way out.Life can be hard.But if we have the courage and determination,we will finally get the sunshine we want as the tree in the picturedoes.【亮点点击】(1)In the picture,between two closelylocatedbuildings grows a big tree.运用了倒装句。(2).strugg
31、ling all the way up to get more sunshine为现在分词短语作状语。Faced with difficulties为过去分词作状语。(3)精彩词语:unlike most trees不像多数的树;remind.of让人想起;give up放弃;find a way out找到出路。在英语高考各大题型中,书面表达历来是失分率较高的一种题型。书面表达作为一项全面考查学生在字、词、短语、句子、语法、篇章结构等方面能力的题型,在未来的高考中越来越体现出不可估量的分量。临近高考如何有效地备考该试题,是每个考生都很关心的问题。了解试题评分要求是提高该题得分率的第一步。首先
32、了解一下近年来全国高考英语书面表达的评分标准:第五档(很好)(2530)的关键词为:“要点,结构,词汇,连接”。关键句为:“语言运用能力”。可见,本题型在考查考生语言准确性的基础上,进一步强调了用词的得体性、表达方式的多样性。如果考生仅运用基础的词汇和基本的句型,不能体现出较强的语言运用能力,即使要点齐全,表达没有语法错误,但因为不能给人一种审美享受,很难在考试的评分中得到较高档次。考生在做题过程中如何才能达到较高标准的要求,如何落实这些关键点呢?那么,从现在开始,就着力于以下几个方面的具体操作吧!准确审题审好题,是做好书面表达的第一步,是“切中题意”、谋篇布局的关键。动笔前要花23分钟仔细分
33、析试题,抓住题目的关键词,可以圈点出来,使要点醒目。审题主要应当包括的三个方面:审文体、审要求、审要点,还要涉及到人称、时态、句式的选择及表现手法等。第一步:确定文体确定文体即确定短文的形式。现今考试主要以书信、看图作文、表格加提示的形式为主并附有一定的交际目的。第二步:确定短文的中心及要点短文的中心是短文的灵魂。中心要明确,必要时可“列点”即写出提纲和主题句。防止画蛇添足、节外生枝的现象,注意详略得当。第三步:确定短文的时态、主要句型及必要的短语在审题过程中,考生可根据试题中要表达的内容和要点初步确定使用的句式和短语,要善于使用现成的句子结构,注意使用熟悉和地道的短语,即平时背诵的各种体裁范
34、文的格式,惯用语句等。可快速地将可能用到的句子、短语简写下来,以便参考。变换句式在高考英语写作中,由于时间的限制,许多考生写出的句子显得过于单调、呆板。其实,只要注意句式的变换,就一定能使写出来的句子更加准确、得体、简洁、灵活。1动名词和从句的转换Would you mind that I opened the door?Would you mind myopening the door?2分词和从句的转换(1)现在分词与从句的转换As he was lying in the grass,he thought of his parents living inthe countryside.Ly
35、ing in the grass,he thought of his parentsliving in the countryside.(2)过去分词与从句的转换If it is seen from the tower,the city will look morebeautiful.Seen from the tower,the city will look morebeautiful.3不定式与从句的转换He spoke louder so that the audience could hear him clearly.Hespoke louder to make himself hea
36、rd clearly.由此可知,要使一个平淡的文章变得丰富起来,从而提高书面表达的档次,应着力于恰当运用非谓语动词作状语、主从复合句、强调句、倒装句、省略句、感叹句、被动句、独立主格等,使之长短结合,以简洁生动为原则,充分体现考生驾驭和运用语言的能力,从而增强书面表达的效果。锤炼词汇学会使用较高级的词汇能反映你知识贮存量的多少,也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。看下面这些句子:1 Becausetheweatherwasgood,ourjourneywascomfortable.Thanks to the good weather,our journey wascomfortable.2We a
37、ll think he is a great man.We all think highly of him.确保流畅使用恰当连接词,对写出一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要,能使整篇文章上下衔接自然、紧凑,使文章有一定的流畅性,以使文章层次清晰,行文连贯。下面是写作时经常用到的一些连接词。时间顺序:first,second,then,at last;空间顺序:here,there,on one side.on the other side;对称顺序:for one thing,for another thing,on one hand,onthe other hand;转折顺序:but,howeve
38、r,while,though,otherwise;因果顺序:thanks to,as a result(of);条件顺序:as long as,on condition that,if,unless;让步顺序:though,as,even if/though,whoever;递进顺序:whats more,besides,whats worse;过渡性插入语:I think,in my opinion。例如:As far as I know,everyone is happy about this newarrangement of things.总之,过渡词和连接词是书面表达也是英语语言的一
39、大特点,从评分标准中要求“应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。”可见高考书面表达对过渡词和连接词的重视。另外,为使结构更明确,写作时最好分成二至三自然段。规范书写由于高考网上阅卷,优美匀称的书写将给阅卷老师以赏心悦目的印象,对于得高分将起重要的作用,建议考生们最后备考阶段还要抽出时间练习书写,切不可等闲视之。记叙文又称记事文或叙述文,用来述说人物经历或记叙过去所发生的一件事或一系列事。记叙文是高考英语书面表达考查的常见文体。记叙文要求根据提供的情景组织语言材料,编写成文。一般说来,英语记叙文和汉语的一样,有六大“要素”,即时间、地点、人物、原因、经过和结果,写作时要明白清楚地予以表达。
40、记人时,要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。叙事时,要描述事情发生与发展的过程、事情发生的前因后果等。一、记叙文常采用的叙述方式1顺叙:以情节发生的时间先后为序进行叙述为顺叙或正叙。2倒叙:从故事或事件结尾开始叙述为倒叙。3插叙:从故事或事件中间写起为插叙。二、记叙文常采用的叙述线索1以时间为线索,按时间的先后顺序来展开。2以地点为线索,以地点的转移为顺序来展开。3以事件发展的过程为线索,或以人物出现的先后次序来展开。4以事物的象征意义为线索来展开。5以人物的思想行为及认知的过程为线索来展开。三、写记叙文应注意的问题1要清楚地交代各要素,即人、时、地、事。2按适当的写作顺序展开叙述,叙述要完整
41、、具体,有条有理。3要重点突出,目的明确。4记叙文所记的都是过去发生的事,原则上常用过去时态。5注意代词的使用,即要及时使用代词代替前面提到的人、物或事件,以使文章语言简练,避免重复。尤其要熟练使用it和there be句型。(2010浙江)最近,李越被评为你们班的“每周之星”。请你根据她的事迹(在上周六下午,不顾天气炎热,为班级选购歌咏比赛服装),用英语为班级板报写一篇100120个词的短文。你的文章应包括下列要点:(1)李越的事迹及其对同学的影响;(2)你的评论。注意:1文章的标题和开头已给出(不计词数);2参考词汇:singing contest歌咏比赛;costume服装。Star S
42、tudent of the WeekLi Yue has been awarded the title of“Star Student of theWeek”for what she did for our class._【参考范文】Star Student of the WeekLi Yue has been awarded the title of“Star Student of theWeek”for what she did for our class.On the hot afternoon of lastSaturday,Li Yue went downtown and walke
43、d from one store toanother,looking for the costumes we would wear in the singingcontest.While the rest of us were enjoying our leisure time in cooland comfortable rooms,she spent the whole afternoon searchingand selecting.Finally,she found the right clothes.Deeply movedby her efforts,we tried our be
44、st and won the first prize in thecontest.Li Yue is always warmhearted and cares a lot about theclass.Besides,she often devotes her spare time to helpingothers.She has set a good example to us.Therefore,she deservesthe honor and we should learn from her.【高分缘由】(1)文章中运用了较多的短语和句式。如第一段中的spendtime doing s
45、th.,try ones best;第二段中的care about,devote.to.,set a good example to sb.等。(2)文章中运用了适当的关联词,如finally,besides,therefore等。(3)文章较多地使用了非谓语动词,如looking for the costumes作伴随状语,Deeply moved by her efforts作原因状语。(4)文章使用了复合句,如we would wear in the singing contest为定语从句,修饰costumes,while引导时间状语从句。高考英语写作中的写人侧重人物的介绍,可以用第一
46、人称(如写求职信),也可以用第三人称:时态常常用一般现在时和一般过去时,具体的人称和时态要依据写作的要求来确定。写作过程中要注意以下几个方面的问题:1人物写作通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格等多个方面,但高考英语写作需要严格按照写作要求来写,包括所给的全部信息点,既不能遗漏,也不能随意添加。2对题目所给的信息要进行适当重组,安排好写作顺序,突出重点信息。重点信息通常是写作的目的所在,比如求职要重点突出学历、经历,新闻报道要重点突出事迹,介绍自己的老师、朋友要突出他们的特点等等。3正确运用描写人物的词汇和句型外貌特征:beautiful,goodloo
47、king,handsome,healthy,near-sighted,ordinarylooking,pretty,with a big smile,whitehaired,1.80 meters tall,etc.性格特点:absentminded,attractive,badtempered,be ready tohelp others,bright,confident,diligent,friendly,generous,havea good temper,humorous,independent,kindhearted,lazy,narrowminded,naughty,patient
48、,think of others,smart,talkative,warmhearted,wise,etc.出生年龄:a twentyyearold young man,as a boy of 15,at theage of 20,be born on,during his childhood,in ones fifties,livea happy/hard life,spend his childhood in the countryside,the sonof a poor family,when he was a small boy,etc.兴趣爱好:be delighted in do
49、ing,be good at,be interested in,befond of,be crazy about,be pleased with,be strict in ones work,be worried about,do well in,enjoy doing,have a strong desire todo,put ones heart into,etc.教育背景:be admitted to,be enrolled in,get a masters degree,go abroad to further ones study,graduate from,lay a goodfo
50、undation in,major in,receive a doctors degree,take an activepart in class,when at college,etc.经历事迹:become a member of the team,concentrate on,devote oneself to,give up ones life for,have a talent for,makeup ones mind to do,overcome many difficulties,receive theNobel Prize for physics,serve as,set a
51、new world record of,tryones best to do,win the first prize in the competition,win agold/silver/bronze medal,etc.他人评价:an inspiring leader,a model worker,an advancedteacher,be respected by,be honored as,be considered as,befamous/known as,be regarded as,his hard work brought himgreat success,make great
52、 contributions to,set a good example toall of us,speak highly of him,etc.4注意运用正确的时态描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时,而描写人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹等常用一般过去时。(2011北京)你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华。下面四幅图表述了近期发生在你们班的一个真实故事,请根据图片的先后顺序,为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文,字数不少于60。_【参考范文】Last Monday,we were having our Chinese class when theteacher suddenly slippe
53、d and fell.We were all worried about her.One of the boys carried her on the back,with the help of someothers,to the clinic immediately.It turned out that her right legwas broken and she had to stay in the hospital.The following day,we went to visit her with flowers and fruit.Seeing her lying inbed w
54、ith her leg wrapped in bandages,we felt sorry for her andhoped that she would recover soon.This Thursday she returned tothe class on a wheelchair to give us lessons.We were all deeplymoved and proud of having such a responsible teacher.【高分缘由】(1)文章中使用了it turned out that.句型,it为形式主语,that从句为真正的主语。(2)文章中
55、有两处使用了现在分词,即seeing作时间状语,lying作宾语的补足语。另外having such a responsible teacher作介词of的宾语。(3)文章中适当地使用了with the help of.和多个过去分词结构,使文章语言简练。记事性记叙文是以叙述为主要表达方式,以人物的经历和事物的发展变化为主要内容的一种文体。进行此类写作时,一般需要把握六要素:时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和过程(how)。记事性记叙文的具体形式包括传记、游记、报道、回忆录和故事等,在近几年的高考中多以看图作文的形式进行考查。记事性记叙文在
56、写作时应有一条主线贯穿文章的开头、中间和结尾。一、常见结构1开头:交代事情发生的背景。如时间、地点、人物等。2主体:进一步叙述故事情节,解释发生的原因。在必要时加入冲突,以制造故事高潮。3结尾:结尾要尽量做到自然,点明文章主题,字数不宜太多。二、内容:写记事性记叙文时,一定要围绕主题,选取最能体现主题的典型材料。三、写作角度记事性记叙文常用第一人称或第三人称。1使用第一人称能使叙述显得生动、亲切、可信,适合记叙本人亲身经历或耳闻目睹的事件。2使用第三人称可使读者感到客观,适合于重大事件的客观报道或叙述他人经历。四、时态:记事性记叙文大多记叙过去发生的事,因此通常用一般过去时。议论文是以议论为主
57、要表达方式的一种文体,它通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来辨明是非曲直,从而表达出作者的观点。议论文常由论点、论据和论证三部分构成。议论文一般选取考生所熟悉的社会上的热点、焦点问题,通过剖析事物来论述事理、发表意见或提出主张。在具体的写作中要求通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非,确定其观点的正确或错误,树立或否定某种观点或主张。一、议论文的写作特点1议论文的主要命题形式是以表格式和提纲式来呈现写作材料的。2它要求语言必须简练、准确,要尽可能避免使用口语,多用书面语,可适当使用名言警句;以议论为主,辅之以叙述、说明和描写等手法。3在议论文三段式里,首先要写好开头,具体需把握好三点:第一,开门见山,紧扣题目;第二
58、,提出论点,说明中心;第三,总述内容,概括要点。其次要深化中间段。中间段是首段的拓展。议论文的中间段是论证论点的,常用方法有归纳法、推理法、对照法和驳论法。最后要把好结尾关,考生可以:重复中心思想回到文章开头提出的中心思想或主题上,达到再次肯定和强调的效果;引用用格言或名人名言总结全文,既言简意赅,又有较强的说服力;得出结论文章最后用几句话概括全文内容,并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者观点。二、议论文的写作技巧1写作时要围绕中心论点展开议论,即论据和论证要围绕论点展开。根据题目要求,有时需要从正反两方面来论述,可增强论证的力度。最后,可得出结论,照应开头,形成一个有机的整体。2写作时常以三段式
59、的形式展开议论。即:主题段、拓展段和总结段。三、议论文中表示观点对比类写作套语1观点式议论文第一段根据提示陈述一下所谈论的话题,第二段分别提出双方的观点,并进行论述。可以采用下列句型:观点陈述1:Some people think that.The reason is that.Besides,.(Someare against the view that.);观点陈述2:(However/On theother hand)others have just the opposite opinion.They thinkthat.Whats more,.(Some are in favor of
60、 the view that.);第三段陈述个人的看法。可以采用下列句型:As far as I amconcerned.(In my opinion,.;Its my opinion that.)For onereason,.For another reason.In a word,.2图画式议论文对于看图画/表式议论文,写作时,第一段描述图画所反映的问题,第二段分析该现象产生的原因,第三段发表一下自己的看法。可以套用以下模板:Asisshown_.Inmyopinion/Ithinkweshould_(On one hand,_.On the other hand,_).In additi
61、on(Additionally),we should_.As far as I am concerned,I hold_./Only in this way canwe_.(2010安徽)假设你将参加某英语杂志社开展的一次征文活动,征文的内容要求你在电视、手机(cell)和网络三者中,放弃其中一个并陈述理由。请你以“Which would you give up:TV,cell,or Web?”为题,写一篇英语短文。注意:1词数100左右;2可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Which would you give up:TV,cell,or Web?We are now livi
62、ng in an information age,in which TV,cellsand the Web are widely used.It seems that many people cannotenjoy themselves without them.However,if I had to give up one of them,I would turn off theTV rather than switch off my cell or cut off the Internet.I coulddo without TV because few shows take my fan
63、cy and thereretoo many commercials.Besides,most programs on TV are alsoavailable elsewhere.As for cells and the Web,they are morenecessary to me.I need a cell to keep in touch with my friendsand family,and almost all information can be gathered on theInternet.【高分缘由】(1)本文中使用了较多的复合句。如第一句用in which引导非限制
64、性定语从句;第二句It seems that.中it 为形式主语,而that从句作真正的主语;第二段中用if引导条件状语从句,because引导原因状语从句。(2)文章中有两处使用了被动语态。如第一句中的are widelyused,最后一句中的can be gathered。(3)文 章 中 运 用 了 较 多 的 短 语 和 句 式。如 give up,turnoff/switch off,do without(TV),as for,keep in touch with 以及would do sth.rather than do sth.等。(4)文章中适当地使用了关联词。如however
65、,besides等。人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文,介绍人们的不同观点,并表达自己的看法。赞成的理由反对的理由你的看法1.广交朋友2.可自由表达思想3.利于外语学习1.浪费时间2.影响学习3.可能上当受骗?注意:1文章必须包括表中的全部内容。2词数为100左右。3参考词汇:网络朋友online friend(s),上当受骗to becheated_【参考范文】Should students make friends on line?Some people say yes.TheInternet helps make many friends.Chatti
66、ng on line,students canmore freely express their feelings and opinions,and even gethelp with their foreign language studies.Others,however,think students should not.They say makingfriends on line is a waste of time,which should be spent moremeaningfully on study.Besides,some students get cheated onl
67、ine.It is my opinion that students should place their study,health andsafety before other things.As for friendship,we can readily find itin our classmates and other people around us.【高分缘由】(1)本文中使用了较多的复合句。如第一段使用了现在分词chatting on line作状语;第二段用了which引导的非限制性定语从句;最后一段用了it作形式主语以及before引导的时间状语从句。(2)文章中使用了由ge
68、t构成的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语 态,即 Besides,some students get cheated on line.和.which should be spent.。(3)文章中运用了较多的短语和句式。如make friends,a wasteof time,spend.on,as for等。(4)文章中适当地使用了关联词。如however,besides等。1对于议论文的结构模式,我们建议大家采用三段式:(1)开头引论。用以引出一个令人关注的问题(topic),阐明观点或看法。(2)主体本论。全文的主要部分,对提出的问题进行分析、推论(supporting sentences
69、),运用材料对观点进行论述,使论点得到足够的支持。(3)结尾结论。对主体部分内容做出概括,明确论点所要解决、论证的问题。有时则是提出建议或给出解决问题的方法或策略。2议论文写作要体现议论文的特点,同时还应该注意:(1)论点必须正确,科学,积极向上。(2)文章结构要完整,条理要清楚。(3)语言必须精练、准确、易懂,要以议论为主,恰当地使用叙述、说明、描写等手法。(4)写作中还要注意条理清楚、过渡自然,适当地运用一些表达逻辑意义的过渡词语。3议论文的论证方法有:归纳法、推理法、对照法和驳论法等等。说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的一种文体,主要用于介绍事物、说明事理等。说明文文体主要用于科普知识介绍、
70、产品介绍、广告宣传等。说明的对象可以是人,也可以是物,还可以是概念等。说明文具有知识性、科学性、实用性以及条理性等特点,它贵在以简明扼要的语句介绍事物,阐明事理。我们可以按照说明对象与说明目的的不同,把说明文分为事物说明文和事理说明文两大类。这类体裁的文章在高考中考查的不是太多。一、说明文的写作特点1在高考写作中,其主要命题形式为图表式作文,有时也以图画式和提纲式作文来呈现写作材料。2它要求语言要简明扼要,通俗易懂,说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。3这种文体通常用第三人称,时态以一般现在时为主。二、说明文的写作技巧1在文章组织结构上可按时间、空间、结构顺序、工艺程序、计划安排等来写。2层次安排得当
71、,说明有条不紊。3可采用举例、比较、对比分析、叙述的方式来描述;不需要发表主张,抒发个人情感。4说明文中有时也隐含时态的变化,因此应充分审题。5说明文的结构可遵循“引子正文结束语”的模式。三、写说明文应注意的问题考生要注意写作顺序。写说明文时,要特别讲究文章的层次和条理,能反映客观事物本身的逻辑顺序。对于不同的说明对象,要按照不同的构造、形体或发展规律去写。常用的写作顺序有:(1)按照空间位置进行说明;(2)按照时间顺序进行说明;(3)先举例,后总结;(4)先总结,后举例。(2011福建)为纪念汶川大地震三周年,某英文报发起关于灾区新貌的征文活动。请根据以下图片提示,以“GreatChange
72、s”为题,用英语写一篇短文应征。内容要点如下:1某中学灾后三年来的变化,如教学与活动场所,以及师生精神面貌等;2发生变化的原因;3你的感想。注意:1短文标题与开头已给出,不计入总词数;2可根据图片提示适当发挥3词数:120左右Great ChangesI am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken placein the school over the past three years._【参考范文】Great ChangesI am deeply impressed by the great changes that ha
73、ve taken placein the school over the past three years.On May 12,2008,a severe earthquake destroyed almosteverything in the school,leaving badly damaged buildings,It isnow,however,taking on a new look.Tall buildings have beenput up,including classroom and laboratory buildings and alibrary.There is al
74、so a newlybuilt standard playground.In thenew environment,teachers and students are living happily andworking hard.It is really amazing that the once ruined place hasnow been turned into a beautiful school,full of life.Obviously,without the help of the whole society,there wouldbe no new school today
75、.It is love and concern that have broughtabout the great changes.Many hands make light work.We canwork wonders if we unite as a family,caring for each other andhelping those in need.Union is strength.【高分缘由】(1)本文的第二段是介绍说明文的典例。运用了较为复杂的句式结构,第一句用了现在分词作状语;最后一句用了it形式主语以及形容词短语作状语等高级结构。(2)精彩词语:be deeply imp
76、ressed by给留下深刻的印象;newlybuilt新建的;turn into把变成;bring about带来;care for关心。(3)精彩语句:Many hands make light work.谚语:众人拾柴火焰高。/人多力量大。Union is strength.团结就是力量。应用文是人们日常生活和工作中广泛使用的一种文体,也是高考常考的一种文体之一。命题形式多为文字提示,写作形式有书信、电子邮件、日记、通知、报道、启事、演讲稿等。其内容常以解说事物为主,要求把事物的性质、对象、目的、发生的时间和地点等情况表达清楚,使读者对此事物有一个完整、准确的了解。目前高考应用文的考查一
77、般是提供简单的格式,不需要考生在格式上多动脑筋,因此考生只需把主要精力投入到行文中即可。一、应用文的写作特点1应用文由于使用广泛和频繁,因而在长期的实践中形成了各自规范的格式,甚至开头和结尾都有一定的套语。在表达时,为了求稳,这些套话不可不用。2应用文要求把事情发生的时间、地点和事情的性质、目的、原因等解释清楚,因此,在表达方式上,应用文又具有说明文的一些特点。3通常情况下,以第一人称来表达内容。二、应用文的写作技巧1应用文的语言一般来说都比较规范,有其自身特定的语言表达方式,考生在平时要积累不同文体常用的套话及写作格式(如书信开头和结尾的套话要运用恰当,格式要正确)。2应用文的目的在于传达基
78、本信息,在写作时要突出特点。3应用文的语言重在实用,要求语言平实、准确、简洁,句子不要过长,最好让读者一眼就明白文章要表达的内容。4不同的文体应采用不同的时态,如:日记一般用过去时,通知采用一般将来时等。三、注意事项不同的应用文的篇章结构也有所不同,在具体的写作中要多加注意。1开头(the beginning):不同的应用文会有不同的开篇套话来交代事由。书信:I am glad to receive your letter.In your letter,you askedme about.Here is my idea.Many thanks for your last kindletter.
79、In your letter.通知:Ladies and gentlemen,may I have your attention please?I have something important to tell you.日记:This afternoon,I went to.求职信:I wish to apply for the position of.2主体(the main body):用简单明了的语言将试题提示用英语表达出来,包含全部的基本信息。表达顺序基本为时间、地点、参加人、活动内容等。3结尾(the ending):用不同文体的套话来结束文章。书信:I am looking fo
80、rward to hearing from you soon.Pleasegive my regards to your family.通知:Thats all.Thank you very much.日记:Though we were very tired,we felt very happy.求职信:If you consider my application,please let me know.Iam looking forward to hearing from you.Thanks a lot.(2011浙江)假设你是高中生李越,有感于校园中存在的随意涂写(to scribble)
81、和乱丢垃圾(to litter)的行为,请用英语给校长写一封100120个词的信。信中应包括以下内容:1说明写信目的;2对这些行为进行批评;3提出建议注意:信的抬头、落款及信的第一句已给出(不计词数)。June 8,201168Dear Headmaster,Im Li Yue,a student from Class 1,Senior._Yours faithfully,Li Yue【参考范文】June 8,201168Dear_Mr.Headmaster,Im_Li_Yue,_a_student_from_Class_1,_Senior_.I am writingto draw your
82、attention to some improper behaviour among usstudents:littering and scribbling.It makes our school dirty andits not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about.Iwonder if the school could place more dustbins around and set upspecific rules against such behaviour.At the same time,studentss
83、hould be encouraged to develop good habits and better behavethemselves.I believe that,with the joint efforts of both teachersand students,our school will become a more enjoyable place inthe near future.Thank you for your consideration.Yours_faithfully,Li_Yue【高分缘由】(1)文章开篇点明了主题呼吁同学们注意保持好卫生。(2)文章使用了较多的
84、复杂结构。如it作形式主语,for astudent to litter and scribble about作真正的主语;且多处用了宾语从句。(3)精彩短语:draw ones attention to引起某人对的注意;at the same time同时;with the joint efforts of both teachers andstudents师生同心协力。书信写作是高考中出现频率最高的一种题型。从内容上看,近几年高考书信写作主要包括致歉信、致谢信、寻笔友信、慰问信、投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、求职信、读者请求的解答信及其答复读者的信等。不论哪种形式,一般都有固定的写作模式,只要记
85、住其特定的写作模板(句型),并能在具体的写作中加以融会贯通,一定能让你的作文水平快速提高,从而在考场上写出档次较高的文章。下面介绍一下几种常考书信的模板,供大家写作时借鉴。1投诉信(Date_)Dear_,My name is/I am_.I am writing to you for_.Firstly,_.Secondly,_.Thirdly,_.Therefore,I require that you send me a new one of the samemodel within a month.To be honest/Honestly speaking,_.Therefore,I
86、dorequire(hope)_Thank you for your consideration.Sincerely yours,Li Ming2建议信(Date_)Dear_,Iam_.Yourcollectionofsuggestionon_is_.Asisknown,_.Mysuggestionsare_:First,_.(Peoplecan_.)Second,(tomakeeconomicprofits,)_ Third,_.(Asmanyofthem_.)I hope you will find these proposals useful,and I would be readyt
87、o discuss this matter with you to further details(Or:Your kindconsideration of my suggestions will be highly appreciated).Good luck with your_(祝愿)Yours sincerely,Li Ming3.求职信Dear sir or madam,I write this letter to apply for the position that you haveadvertised in _(报纸名称)of_(广告发布时间)Iam_from_.Asa/an_
88、,Ihavebeen_.Besides,Iwon_in_.Ifyouconsider me appropriate for the job,please call me at_.I will appreciate it very much if you could give me an earlyreply./Thank you for considering my application,and I amlooking forward to meeting you.Yours sincerely,Li Ming4邀请信Dear_,How is everything with you?I am
89、 writing to tell you that therewill be a_(内容)at/in_(地点)on_(时间).We would be honored to have you there with us.Theoccasion will start at_(具体时间).This will be followedby a_(进一步的安排)At around_(时间),_(另一个安排)Ring me up and tell me whether you will come or not,will you?Ireally hope you can make it.My phone nu
90、mber is_.Looking forward to_.Yours sincerely,Li Ming5感谢信Dear_,I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for_(感谢的原因).If it had not been for your assistance in_(对方给你的具体帮助),I fear that I would have been_(没有对方帮助的后果)Everyone agrees that it was you who_(给出细节).Again,I would like to express my warm thanks
91、 to you!Pleaseaccept my gratitude.Yours sincerely,Li Ming6道歉信Dear_,I am truly sorry that_(道歉的原因)The reason isthat_(介绍原因).Once again,I am sorry for anyinconvenience caused.Hope you can accept my apologies andunderstand my situation.Yours sincerely,Li Ming此外,掌握以下句型也会使我们的书信写作如虎添翼:I am very pleased to h
92、ear from you.I am sorry I have taken so long to answer your last letter.We were all so pleased to hear you will be coming to visit us.Looking forward to hearing from you soon.Please write back soon.Do write to us when you have time.We hope to hear from you soon.Give my best wishes to the family.(201
93、0辽宁)你校学生会需招聘一名留学生做英语学习顾问,请你以短文形式写一则招聘启事。内容主要包括:母语是英语,汉语流利者优先解答英语学习问题,协助组织英语活动每周4小时,报酬面议联系人:李华(Tel.13011223344)注意:1词数100左右;2可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3启事标题和结尾已为你写好。English Advisor Wanted_Students UnionYucai High School【参考范文】English Advisor WantedThe Students Union of our school decides to invite aninternationa
94、l student to work as an English Study Advisor nextterm.The main responsibilities of the advisor include helpingstudents to practice their oral English,answering their questions,and helping organize activities such as singing English songs,English evenings,or lectures on interesting topics.Students U
95、nionYucai High School【高分缘由】文章使用了一复杂的长句子,即第一段第二句,连续运用了两组并列,第一组为helping students to practice their oralEnglish,answering their questions,and helping organizeactivities;第二组为singing English songs,English evenings,or lectures on interesting topics。本文为招聘广告,属于书面通知。通知一般分为书面通知和口头通知两种。书面通知通常指的是贴在布告栏里、写在黑板上或登在
96、报纸上的通知,比较正式,一般采用第三人称的形式传达;口头通知通常是用来应付紧急事务的,因此要符合口语习惯,语言通俗易懂,方式灵活多样,一般采用第一人称传达,结尾要使用thank you等礼貌用语。下面介绍两种通知的模板。1书面通知NOTICE主办单位 will organize_._.This activityaims to_.This activity is arranged to last_orso.It is planned to begin on_.The team memberswill be arranged to_.Your main task is to_.Anyone who
97、_is welcomed warmly.Those who areinterested can contact_for further information.Looking forward to your active participation.签发单位即按以下顺序写:标题交代活动的主办单位和时间概括描写活动内容交代活动的主要目的交代活动的持续时间活动的具体时间描述活动的具体活动参加人员的主要任务说明活动的参加条件交代参加的联系方式发出呼吁,诚邀参加2口头通知Ladies and gentlemen,Your attention,please.I have something to tel
98、l you._Please remember:Time:_Place:_Thank you for listening.说明:具体内容时间地点(2011江西)假设你是星光中学的李华,将参加主题为“Lets Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。请撰写一份演讲稿,主要内容包括:1目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题;2骑自行车的益处,如节能环保、有利健康等。3演讲稿开头和结尾已给出,请将其抄写在答题卡上且该部分不计入总词数。注意:词数:120词左右;参考词汇:低碳生活(lowcarbon life);节能(energysaving)Good morning,everyone,I_am_L
99、i_Hua_from_Xingguang_Middle_School._The_topic_of_my_speech_is“Lets_Ride_Bicycles”_Thank_you!【参考范文】Good_morning,_everyone,I_am_Li_Hua_from_Xingguang_Middle_School.The_topic_of_my_speech_is_“Lets_Ride_Bicycles”As is known to all,with the improvement of peoples livingstandards,cars have become a popula
100、r means of transport,bringing great convenience to our life.However,they have alsocaused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.How can we solve the problems then?As far as Im concerned,riding bicycles is a good solution.For one thing,bicycles dontneed any petrol and they are energysav
101、ing.For another,bicyclesare environmentally friendly because they wont give off wastegases.Whats more,riding bicycles is a good way for us toexercise and it is beneficial to our health.Therefore,lets take the responsibility to build up a lowcarboncity by riding bicycles.Come on and join us!Thank_you
102、!【高分缘由】(1)As is known to all 正如人们所知,是非限制性定语从句。作者使用此手法直引主题。(2).cars have become a popular means of transport,bringinggreat convenience to our life.句中的bringing.是现在分词短语,作伴随状语。使句式结构显得更加灵活。(3)as far as I am concerned 就我所知,相当于personally,in myopinion。(4)句中however,for one thing.for another,whats more等都为文章增色
103、不少。演讲稿一般由开头语、正文和结束语三部分组成。开头语一般来说比较简单,其目的就是要吸引听众或读者的注意力,常 见 的 表 达 方 式 有 Your attention,please./Attention,please./May I have your attention,please?/It is my honor tospeak here.等。正文是演讲稿的主体,主要是陈述论点和相关的论据等,论点要明确,论据要充分、有力。结束语是演讲稿是否成功的关键,常起到画龙点睛的作用。同其他的应用文一样,熟记演讲稿的模板也是非常必要的。Dear fellow_./Hello,everyone.Its nice to speakabout_.I think_.The reason is that_.In my opinion,the first thing we can do_.The secondthing we can do_.As for my suggestion,I think_.If everyone_,I am sure_.Thank you for listening.