1、.基础词汇1_ vt.毁坏2_ n.灰3_ vt.(火山的)爆发；喷发4_ n.火山5_ adj.以前的6_ n.地震7_ adj.全世界的8_ adj.积极的；活跃的9_ n&v.损失；损害ruinasheruptvolcanopreviousearthquakeworldwideactivedamagewide 后缀常用词nationwide 全国范围的worldwide 世界范围的continentwide 整个大陆的economywide 整个经济体的.拓展词汇1_ n可能；可能性_ adj.可能的_adv.可能地2_ adj.吓人的；可怕的_ adj.感到害怕的_ vt.使害怕_ n
2、恐怖3 _ adv.幸 运 地；幸 亏 _ adj.幸 运 的_ n运气4_ n警告_ v警告possibilitypossiblepossiblyterrifyingterrifiedterrifyterrorluckilyluckyluckwarningwarn5_ adv.感激地；满怀感谢地_ adj.感谢的thank vt.感谢6_ adv.满怀希望地；有希望地_ adj.有希望的_ n希望7_ adv.伤心地；不幸地_ adj.难过的；悲哀的8_ adv.幸运地；幸亏_ adj.幸运的thankfullythankfulhopefullyhopefulhopesadlysadfort
3、unatelyfortunateify/fy 使vt.simplify 简化beautify 美化identify 识别diversify 使多样化purify 净化terrify 使害怕.短语速记1_发生2_放火(焚烧)3_着火(动作)4_熄灭；扑灭(火)5_占地6_根据7_总计，总共8_如果有必要的话take placeset fire to.catch fireput outcover an area of.according toin allif necessaryset 常用词组set up 建立set out to do.开始认真做set about doing.开始认真做set
4、off 出发；引起set an example 树立榜样set down 记下，写下set aside 放在一边.句型熟记1When the lava reached the sea,_ a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.当岩浆到达大海时，有可能引起巨大的海啸，淹没半个岛屿。2In some communities,_ killed.在一些社区，60%的人口丧生。3The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is _.1906 年 4 月 18 日发生的加利福尼亚地
5、震是美国历史上最严重的一次地震。4Fires _ did the most damage.加利福尼亚地震引起的火灾造成了最严重的损失。there was the possibility of60 percent of the population werethe worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United Statescaused by the California Earthquakeall 词组小结not at all 一点也不in all 总计；总共after all 毕竟above all 最重要的是all in all
6、总而言之根据课文内容选择正确答案1How many earthquakes happen in the world a year?AAbout two.BMore than 100,000.CAbout 400.DMore than 12,000.答案：B2How many people were killed in the earthquake that happened in Shaanxi Province in 1556?A800,000,000.B830,000.C1,362,000.D332,000.答案：B3What did the most damage in the Cali
7、fornia Earthquake in 1906?AFire caused by the earthquake.BThe earthquake itself.C3,000 deaths in the earthquake.DThe movement on the San Andreas Fault.答案：A4Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?AMore than a hundred earthquakes occur worldwide in a year.BAn earthquake happened in Shaan
8、xi Province in 1556.CThe California Earthquake only lasted to 5：15 am.DIn the California Earthquake the fires only caused about 3,000 deaths.答案：B知识点详解重点词汇、短语1ruin vt.毁坏语境领悟*She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruinedby the flood.她回到家发现所有的家具都被洪水毁坏了。*He ruined his chance of promotion
9、 by his rudeness to the boss.他由于对老板不礼貌而断送了晋升的机会。归纳拓展 ruins n 废墟，遗迹in ruins 成为废墟come/go/run to ruinfall into ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃，瓦解*We visited the ruins of the temple.我们参观了那座庙宇的遗迹。*The hotel was in ruins after that big fire.那场大火过后，旅馆成了废墟。*After that，the empire came to ruin.在那之后，整个帝国走向毁灭。易混辨析 damage指部分性“损害，
10、破坏”，或指使用价值有所降低。既可作动词也可作名词，作名词时后跟介词 todestroy 指彻底性“破坏，毁灭”，以至于不能修复，也可用于抽象概念，指希望、计划等破灭。只能用作动词ruin指破坏严重，以至于不能修复，但这种破坏只是强调该物品的使用价值发生了变化。也可用于抽象概念即学即练 选词并用其适当形式填空(damage/destroy/ruin)He was lucky in the accident,but his car was _.Last night a heavy storm hit the coastal areas,and almost all buildings in th
11、e village were _.John and Sandy argued all the time,which completely _ the evening for the rest of us.She _ her mothers chances of getting a job.damageddestroyedruinedruined漫画助记His new shoes got ruined in the mud.他的新鞋被泥浆糟蹋了。2set fire to 放火(焚烧)语境领悟*Ash and lava poured down the mountain,setting fire t
12、o hundreds of houses.火山灰和熔岩沿着山倾泻下来，烧毁了几百座房子。*It is said that his neighbour set fire to his house.It is said that his neighbour set his house on fire.据说是他的邻居放火烧了他的房子。归纳拓展 be on fire 着火(强调状态)catch fire 着火(强调动作)make a fire 生火put out the fire 扑灭火play with fire 玩火；做危险的事set sth.on fire 放火烧某物即学即练 完成句子别玩火柴了
13、，不然要把房子烧了。Stop playing with those matches or youll _.昨晚他家失火了。His house _ last night.set the house on fire/set fire to the housecaught fire3.put out 扑灭(火)；生产语境领悟*We put all the fires out.我们扑灭了所有的火。*The company puts out 900 cars a week.这家公司一星期生产 900 辆汽车。归纳拓展 put up 举起；张贴；建造；支起；为提供食宿put off 推迟，拖延put on
14、 穿上；上演；假装put in 插入put through 使穿过；接通(电话)put down 放下，使(乘客等)下(车)；写下，记下put up with 忍受put aside 搁置一旁；储蓄put away 放好；收起来*We shall be happy to put you up when you come to town next month.你们下个月到城里来时我们将很乐意为你们提供食宿。*The concert had to be put off because the main singer was ill.由于主唱病了，音乐会不得不延期。易混辨析 put out 与 go
15、 out易混词组辨析例句put out作及物动词短语用，表示“扑灭(火)；关(灯)”等，其后必须跟宾语The fire spread so quickly that they couldnt put it out.火势蔓延太快，他们无法将其扑灭。go out作不及物动词短语用，表示自行“熄灭”，其后不能跟宾语，无被动There was a power failure and all the lights went out.停电了，所有的灯都熄灭了。即学即练 用合适的副词或介词填空Never put _ till tomorrow what may be done today.I will be
16、 having a party next Saturday;put it _ in your notebook so you will not forget it.The forest guards often find campfires that have not been put _ completely.They put Frank _ at a good hotel.offdownoutup漫画助记They made every effort to put out the fire.他们尽一切努力扑灭火焰。4.take place 发生；举行语境领悟*Is a volcanic er
17、uption taking place now?现在火山喷发还在发生着吗？*The fete will take place on Sunday,rain or shine.游乐会定于星期日举行，风雨无阻。归纳拓展 take the place of sbtake sb.s place 代替某人，接替某人take ones placetake ones seat 就座in place of 代替in place 在适当的位置上；适当的，恰当的out of place 位置不对；不合适*It would be difficult to find a man to take the place o
18、f the secretary.找一个代替秘书的人是困难的。名师点津 不能被动的 take placetake place 不用于被动语态，多指预先计划、安排要发生的事情；突然发生则用 happen 或 occur。*Since 1980 great changes have taken place in China.自从 1980 年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。即学即练 选词并用其适当形式填空(take place/occur/happen)The evening party will _ on New Years Eve.Police said the accident _ about 4：
19、30 p.m.take placeoccurred/happened5.damage n&v损失；损害语境领悟*Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most damage.加利福尼亚地震引起的大火造成的损失最为严重。*The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。*The front part of my car was damaged when it hit the tree.我的车子撞到树时车头部分被撞坏。归纳拓展 do/cause damage to.对造成
20、损害/损失damages 赔偿金claim damages 索要赔偿金*The court gave him$15,000 in damages.法院判给他 15 000 美元的损害赔偿金。辨析比较 damage,ruin,destroydamage指价值、用途、外表等部分受损，尚可修复ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义，表示毁灭某人或某人的希望等destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，导致不能或很难修复即学即练 单句语法填空A storm hit the village._(fortunate),it did very little damage
21、_ the crops.David threatened to report his neighbour to the police if the _(damage)were not paid.用 damage,ruin,destroy 填空The school was completely _ by fire.The boys skirted(绕开，避开)the field so as not _the crops.It rained for several weeks,completely _ our holiday.Fortunatelytodamagesdestroyedto dama
22、geruining6.in all 总共，总计语境领悟*There were twelve of us in all for dinner.我们一共有 12 个人吃晚饭。*Thats 25.40 in all.共计 25.40 英镑。归纳拓展 after all毕竟，别忘了not at all根本不above all最重要的是，首要(强调程度)first of all首先(强调次序)all in all总而言之即学即练 用 all 的相关短语完成句子I am glad to join you in the game,but _ please allow me to introduce myse
23、lf.Children need many things,but _ they need love.The book isnt so good,but _ I consider it a success.Please dont be angry with him he is only a child _.He spent very little time learning English,perhaps no more than one year _.first of allabove allall in allafter allin all7.lose ones life 失去生命语境领悟*
24、Do you still remember those who lost their lives for the country?你还记得那些为国家献出生命的人吗？*Over 220 people lost their lives in the fire.220 多人在那场火灾中丧生。归纳拓展 lose ones sight 失明lose ones way 迷路lose sight of 看不见lose face 丢脸；出丑lose heart 灰心，泄气lose ones breath 气喘吁吁，上气不接下气lose ones job 失业lose ones balance 失去平衡lose
25、 ones confidence 失去信心lose courage 丧失勇气lose touch 失去联系lose ones heart to.爱上/钟情于lose weight 减肥lose ones temper 发脾气即学即练 完成句子无论遇到什么困难，都不要灰心。Whatever difficulty we are faced with,dont _.他们一见钟情。They _ at first sight.lose heartlost their heart to each other学法点拨归纳拓展中的 lose 短语我们可以通过下面的歌诀来记忆：失明迷路看不见，丢脸灰心又气喘；失
26、业失衡失信心，丧失勇气失联系；爱上减肥发脾气，时时刻刻要学习。8.warning n警告语境领悟*Fortunately,we had plenty of warning.幸亏我们已得到很多警告。归纳拓展(1)a written warning 书面警告warning lights 警示灯(2)warn v.警告；提醒warn sb.against(doing)sth.warn sb.not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事warn sb.of sth.提醒某人某事warn sb.that.警告；提醒*The red light is a warning sign for stop.红灯
27、是通知停止行进的信号。即学即练 完成句子The morning paper warned _ serious delays at the airport.晨报提醒大家注意飞机晚点情况严重。I was warned _ my neighbor.别人警告我要提防我的邻居。ofagainst漫画助记The sign warns people not to swim.标牌警告人们不要游泳。知识点详解重点句型 When the lava reached the sea,there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood hal
28、f the island.当岩浆到达大海时，有可能引起巨大的海啸，它能淹没半个岛屿。句式分析(1)本句中出现了 there is/was the possibility of.结构，表示“有的可能性”，另外，there is/was the/a possibility 后面跟 that 引导的同位语从句，表示 possibility 的内容；(2)本句中出现了一个定语从句，即 which could flood half the island 修饰前面的 a huge tidal wave。*There is no possibility of changing furniture at th
29、is shop once bought.在这家商店，家具一旦购买就绝对没有更换的可能性。*Is there any possibility that you can still live with your son after he gets married?在你儿子结婚后你有没有可能还和他住在一起？归纳拓展 possible adj.可能的impossible adj.不可能的impossibility n.不可能(性)There is a possibility that.有可能There is no possibility that.不可能There is much possibilit
30、y that.很可能There is little possibility that.不大可能 即学即练一句多译你们球队这次比赛有可能得冠军吗？_ your team will win this match?_ for your team _ this match?_ your team will win this match?_ to win this match?Is there any possibility thatIs it possible/probable/likelyto winIs it likely thatIs your team likely词语积累earthquake
31、/kwek/n.地震worldwide adv.在全世界adj.全世界的be situated in(be located in)坐落于，位于active adj.积极的；活跃的其比较级、最高级分别为 more active，most active。cover vt.占(一片面积)in all 总共；总计(in total)lose ones life 丧命take place 发生damage n&v.损害do/cause damage to 使受到损害a total of.总数，为the whole of.整个的 核心素养链接文化采风地震是造成人员死亡最多的自然灾害之一。全球每年发生约50
32、0 万次地震，有感地震占 1%。在有感地震中，仅 100 次左右造成灾害，而且全球 85%的地震发生在海洋中，15%发生在大陆上。全球地震主要分布在环太平洋地震带和欧亚地震带，这两大地震带集中了 80%的 7 级以上地震。中国、日本、伊朗、土耳其、美国、印度尼西亚等国都是地震灾害严重的国家。Earthquakes Around the PacificAbout 400 earthquakes occur worldwide every day,more than a hundred thousand in a year.China is situated in one of the most
33、active earthquake regions in the world and there have been many terrible earthquakes.The most serious of these occurred in Hua County in Shaanxi Province in 1556.The earthquake affected eight provinces in Central China.It coveredan area of 800 square kilometres.In some communities,60 percent of the
34、population were killed.In all，830,000 people lost their lives.The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States【1】.It took place at 5：15 am.,and lasted for only a minute.However,it caused the worst natural disaster in the nations
35、history.【1】that has ever happened.States 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 earthquake。此处 that 不能换为 which，因为先行词earthquake 前有形容词最高级修饰。Fires caused by the California Earthquake【2】did the most damage.The fires burned for three days,destroying a total of 25,000 buildings【3】.About 500 people were killed in the city of
36、 San Francisco and 250,000 were made homeless【4】.In the whole of California,the earthquake and fires caused about 3,000 deaths.【2】过去分词短语 caused by the California Earthquake 作定语，修饰 Fires，可转换成 that/which were caused by the California Earthquake.【3】现在分词短语 destroying a total of 25,000 buildings 作结果状语。【4
37、】make sb.homeless 意为“使某人无家可归”，属于“make宾语宾补”结构，此处用了 make 的被动语态。The 1906 earthquake was caused by a movement on the San Andreas Fault.One hundred years later,movements on the San Andreas Fault continue to cause problems for the whole of California.太平洋附近的地震全世界每天大约发生 400 次地震，一年在 10 万次以上。中国位于世界上地震最活跃的地区之一
38、，曾发生过很多次可怕的地震。最严重的一次于 1556 年发生在陕西省华县。地震影响到华中地区的 8 个省份，波及范围达 800 平方千米。在一些居民区，60%的人死亡。总共有 83 万人丧生。1906 年 4 月 18 日发生在加利福尼亚的地震是美国历史上最严重的一次地震。它发生在凌晨 5 点 15 分，只持续了一分钟。然而，它却引发了美国历史上最严重的自然灾害。加利福尼亚地震引起的火灾造成的损失最大。大火燃烧了 3 天，总共烧毁了 25 000 座建筑。旧金山市大约有 500 人死亡，25 万人无家可归。在整个加利福尼亚，地震和火灾造成大约 3 000 人死亡。1906 年的地震是由圣安德烈
39、亚斯断层运动引起的。一百年之后，圣安德烈亚斯断层运动继续给整个加利福尼亚带来很多问题。.单词拼写1The monster with three heads in the movie is _(可怕的)2_(幸运地),I got the last ticket for the concert on Friday.3 I accepted the invitation to my friends birthday party _(满怀感谢地)4_(有希望地),we will find a suitable house very soon.5She answered _(伤心地)，“Yes,my c
40、at died last night.”I finally knew the reason why she didnt talk to me and comforted her.6Local people received a _(警告)of floods yesterday.terrifyingFortunately/LuckilythankfullyHopefullysadlywarning.单句语法填空1The girl was _ at the thought of that _experience.(terrify)2I want to start my own business b
41、ut I am terrified _ failure.3There was a fire in the building,but _(fortunate)no one was injuried.4The accident didnt do much damage _ either of the cars.5Its no use having ideas only.Dont worry.Peter can show you _ to turn an idea into an act.6I am just wondering whether _(stay)for another hour or
42、just start off right away.terrifiedterrifyingoffortunatelytohowto stay.短文改错All of us know the old saying“Practice make perfect.”It tells us unless we want to realize our aim,we should practice,and one day we will make it.Its easy to understand.Once I wanted to learn swimming.At first I found difficu
43、lt to control my body.I just sank into the water.I feel very frightened.Then I watched others who were good at them and asked them the key to succeed.I went to the swimming pool every day,learned from them and practiced.A day,when my friend pushed me into the swimming pool,I sudden found that I coul
44、d swim.How exciting I was!Now I can swim much more better than before.答案：All of us know the old saying“Practice makemakes perfect.”It tells us unlessif we want to realize our aim,we should practice,and one day we will make it.Its easy to understand.Once I wanted to learn swimming.At first I found it
45、 difficult to control my body.I just sank into the water.I feelfelt very frightened.Then I watched others who were good at themit and asked them the key to succeedsuccess.I went to the swimming pool every day,learned from them and practiced.AOne day,when my friend pushed me into the swimming pool,I suddensuddenly found that I could swim.How excitingexcited I was!Now I can swim much morebetter than before.
