1、语法复习专题主谓一致一、 考点聚焦1、语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。 The number of students in our school_1,700.Mary and Kelly_ alike.2、意义上一致(1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。The crowd _ runing for their lives.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。(2)主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。The news is very exciting.形复意单的单词有new、
2、works(工厂)、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics等。3、就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如果连词or、either or、neither nor、not only but also等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。 Eg.Either you or I_ mad.4、应注意的若干问题(1)名词作主语。某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数,反之用复数。 My family_going out for a trip.The whole
3、 family _ watching TV.这类词常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。Population和“a group(crowd)of + 复数名词”也适用于这种情况,强调整体用单数,强调各个部分用复数。某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。A sheep _over there. Some sheep_over the
4、re.名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等;作主语时,动词一般用单数。 My uncles_not for from here.常见的省略名词有the bakers 、the barbars、the Zhangs等。表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。如:Richardsons_a lot of old goods to sell.当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数。Thirty years _ passed. Five minutes _e
5、nough to finish the task.不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:Each boy and each girl in my class _a dictionary.如果主语有more than one 或many a 构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,它的谓语动词用单数形式。 More than one student _ seen the play.Many a boy_ bought that kind of toy.但是,“more + 复数名词 + than one”结构之后,谓语用复数。一些由两个
6、部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。但如果主语用a kind of、a pair of、a series of等加名词构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。 A pair of shoes _ on the desk.this kind of book = a book of this kind(这种书),其谓语动词;短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men(口语)(这一类人),但
7、this kind of men的谓语用单数,men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语用复数,all kinds of后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。如:This kind of men _dangerous. Men of theis kind/sort _dangerous.复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数,反之,谓语用复数。这类名词有means、works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese等。当它们的前面有 a、such a、this、that修饰时,谓语用单数;有all、such、t
8、hese、those修饰时,谓语用复数。(11)如果名词词组中心词是all、most、half、rest等词语,所指是复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式,反之用单数。All of my students work hard. All of the oil _gone.(12)在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:Between the two windows _an oil painting.(hang)(2)由连接词连接的名词作主语。用and或both and 连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人,同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and
9、后面的名词没有冠词。Truth and honesty _the best policy.To love and to be loved _the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early _a good habit.A knife and fork_ on the table.当主语后面跟有as well as、as much as、no less than、along with、with、like、rather than、together with、but、except、besides、including、in addi
10、tion to等引导的词组时,采取“就远原则”。以or、either or、neigher nor、not only but also等连接的词作主语时,采取“就近原则”。(3)代词作主语。名词型物主代词连接的动词,既可以用单数,也可以用复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。 Ours (Our Party) _a great Party.Your shoes _ white, mine (= my shoes)_ black.such、the same起指示代词作用时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such _our plan. Such _ his last words.关系代词wh
11、o、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。疑问词who、what、which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。 Who lives next door? It_Xiao Liu.Who lives next door? It _Wang and Li.不定代词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主语时,要注意下列情况:(A)单独作主语时,视其在文中的意义,动词可用单数或复数形式。Now all has been changed. All are present.(B)其后接of时,若o
12、f的宾语为不可数名词,动词用单数形式;若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时,动词可以是单数,也可以是复数;在正式文体中,单数形式的动词更常用。Do (es) any of you know about the accident? None of us has(have) seen the film.(4)分数、量词作主语。“分数或百分数 +名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这
13、是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。如:Lots of damage_caused by flood.A number of students _ gone to the countryside.A large quantity of people _needed here.Quantities of food (nuts) _ still on the table.a great deal of、a large amount of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;large amounts of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。表示
14、数量的one and a half后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half apples_ left on the table.(be)half of、(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数,修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数。(5)名词化的形容词作主语。如果主语由“the + 形容词(或分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用单数,如the unknown、the b
15、eautiful等。(6)从句作主语。由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。What we need _more money.What we need_ more people/teachers.在“one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。如one前有the only则用单数形式。This_one of the most interesting stories that _been
16、 told by my father.She_the only one of the girls who_late for class today.(7)不定式、名动词(短语)作主语用单数形式;There be句型中be的单复数取决于be后的第一个词的数。 There _a book, two pens on the desk.There _two pens, a book on the desk.二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _to go to university.So do
17、I .(上海 1998) A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hoped解析:答案为B。本题考查主谓一致中的意义一致原则,不定代词either、neither、each、one、the other、another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义一致的原则采用单数形式,排除A。选项C是非谓语动词的一种,不能单独作谓语,亦应排除。根据答语中的时态又可排除选项D。2.The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.(NMET 1996)A.were; was B.was; was C.was; were D.were; were解析:答案为C。本题考查the number of和a number of 的区别。“the number of + 复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是number,“a number of + 复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是of后的复数名词或代词,故谓语动词分别用单、复数。解题关键在于仔细区分哪个是真正的主语。