1、2020年高考英语练习试题阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhat is body surfing?Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard. Thats why it is called the “purest” form of surfing. In fact, it is one of very few extreme sportsfree climbing and cliff diving are. others
2、that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.How do you do it?To catch a wave, swim to where the waves break and, as one approaches, start swimming towards the beach. You must try to travel at the same speed as the wave and, if you do it correctly, you will feel the wave lifting you and pu
3、shing you forwards. Then try and cut along the surface of the wave.What do you need?It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). This is because they enable you to swim faster and surf along them more easily. A wetsuit is also advisable. Another aid is a handboard, a
4、 mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. If you are lucky enough to be surfing in warm water, make sure you have your boardshorts at the ready.Unofficial world championshipBodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival
5、called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. Local bodysurfers compete against athletes from places such as Australia, Brazil, Japan or France. Famous bodyboarder Mike Stewart has won the event no fewer than 12 times, and Kelly Slater, the greatest surfer in history, has also competed.1. How d
6、oes a bodysurfer surf while in the sea?A. Only using the human body.B. Only relying on a surfboard.C. Only following a wave.D. Only swimming along the beach.2. Which can make you surf faster?A. Flippers and a wetsuit.B. A wetsuit and a handboard.C. A handboard and boardshorts.D. A handboard and Flip
7、pers.3. What can we know about the Pipeline Body surfing Classic?A. It is for local bodysurfers.B. It is held annually in Hawaii.C. All famous bodysurfers favor it.D. Mike Stewart attends it every year.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项非专业的运动人体冲浪。1. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave
8、 with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard.和that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.可知，人体冲浪是在没有冲浪板等辅助工具帮助的情况下在海浪上冲浪。故选A。2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). 如果你使用脚蹼会更舒适、更安全，和Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf boa
9、rd about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. 一只手拿着冲浪板可以加速冲浪。故选D。3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. 在夏威夷每年都会有一个名为管道人体冲浪经典的节日。故选B。BPromise Sawyers, a 10-y
10、ear-old girl in Nashville, Tenn., is inspiring people old and young after making a video before going to school “bigger and better” with her natural hair, just one day after she was made fun of for her afro.Promise Sawyers motivational video was posted online by her mom Qui Daugherty, after the 5th-
11、grader secretly recorded it on Daughertys phone. In it, Sawyers explained that she was feeling “some type of way” after her classmates had mean things to say after she wore her natural hair the day before. But she was determined not to let it bring her down, and wore it the same way the following da
12、y. “Dont allow anyone to steal your joy,” Promise said. “Dont give them that much power.”Daugherty says that Promise has been surrounded by that type of positivity her whole life. Shes always taught her daughter to “meet a negative with a positive”, even when somebody is trying to bring her down. An
13、d although this example seems like one of the more disheartening( 令人气馁的) ones that Promise has faced after starting at a new school, her video proved that she took her moms advice to heart.Now, nearly 2 million views later, people everywhere are responding to the video. “We had no idea the impact th
14、at it was going to make and the amount of messages,” Daugherty said. “Its made a huge impact behind the scenes that has blessed me personally.”Daugherty jokes that Promise doesnt understand how influential her words are. Instead, the 10-year-old is just excited about the millions of views.“I just te
15、ll her not to focus on the numbers,” Daugherty says. “Lets find a way we can be impactful behind this and make an influence and inspire people. Thats all we want.”4. What does the underlined word “afro” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. A hairstyle.B. A disability.C. An attitude.D. A video.5. What did Prom
16、ise decide to do after being teased by her classmates?A. Seek some advice from her mother.B. Make herself look bigger and better.C. Record her sadness on video silently.D. Keep wearing the same hair to school.6. What will Daugherty advise Promise to do when theres something disheartening?A. Switch t
17、o a new start.B. Look on the bright side.C. Make necessary changes.D. Share her joy with others.7. How did Daugherty feel about peoples response to the video?A. Embarrassed.B. Worried.C. Confused.D. Surprised.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。10 岁的小女孩 Promise Sawyers 天生拥有蓬松发型，这使她在学校里遭到了同学的取笑。Promise 并没有因此而闷闷不乐，而是用阳光的心
18、态应对一切，坚守自己的快乐。她的视频激励了很多人。4.A【解析】词义猜测题。联系画线词所在句中的“with her natural hair”和第二段第二句“In it, Sawyers explained that she was feeling some type of way after her classmates had mean things to say after she wore her natural hair the day before.”可知，同学们嘲笑的是她的头发。由此可推知，afro指的是一种发型。故选A。5.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“But she
19、 was determined not to let it bring her down, and wore it the same way the following day.”可知，Promise 被同学们嘲笑后，决定第二天仍然保持着同样的发型去上学。故选D。6.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Shes always taught her daughter to meet a negative with a positive, even when somebody is trying to bring her down.”可知，Daugherty 一直教女儿在遇到令她沮丧的事情时用
20、积极乐观的心态去面对。由此可推知，当女儿遇到令人气馁的事情时，Daugherty 会建议她去看到阳光的一面。故选B。7.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中 Daugherty 所说的“We had no idea the impact that it was going to make and the amount of messages”可知，她此前没有料想到这个视频能引起如此大的反响。由此可推知，她对人们对该视频的反应感到吃惊。故选D。C Most squirrels dont hibernate(冬眠). Instead, they store food for the cold sea
21、son and spend the winter in their nests. But the 13-lined ground squirrel, one species of squirrel in the U.S. Midwest, is not the case. For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals wont eat or drink anything at all and the heart rate, metabolism(新陈代谢), and body temperature dramatically drop during their lo
22、ng rest, which is similar to bears and other hibernating animals.To find out how the hibernating squirrels hold back their thirst, a powerful force that could potentially wake them up, and researchers measured the blood fluid of dozens of squirrels. Generally, a high blood concentration(血液浓度) makes
23、animals, including humans, feel thirty. The sleeping squirrels blood concentration was low, preventing them from waking up for a drink. Even when researchers woke up the torpid squirrels, they wouldnt drink a drop until the team artificially increased the concentration of their blood serum.Next, the
24、 researchers wanted to know how the squirrels blood concentration dropped so low. Perhaps the squirrels drank a lot of water before hibernation to dilute(稀释) their blood, the researchers thought. But when they filmed squirrels preparing for their winter snooze, they found the animals actually drank
25、less water than they normally did.Instead, chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes(电解质)like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body (possibly in the bladder), the researchers reported last
26、 month in Current Biology. The finding could also explain how other hibernating animals stay containing water.This new knowledge might one day help humans with conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病), or astronauts who have launched on long space flights. Unfortunately, even if people can figure out how to
27、 drop their blood concentration, its unlikely theyll ever be as cute as sleeping squirrels.8. What do we know about the 13-lined ground squirrels?A. They dont hibernate like many other squirrels.B. They are endangered species in the U. S. Midwest.C. They can live for months without water during hibe
28、rnation.D. Their heart rule and body temperature are extremely abnormal.9. The hibernating squirrels don feel thirsty because of their_.A. high blood concentrationB. low blood concentrationC. low body temperatureD. high heart rate10. Hibernating squirrels adjust their blood concentrations by_.A. Dri
29、nking much water before hibernationB. Not eating anything during hibernationC. Drinking less water than they normally doD. Removing certain chemicals and storing them somewhere11. What is the authors attitude towards the new findings?A. ObjectiveB. PositiveC. DisappointingD. Uncaring【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章
30、介绍了一种冬眠的松鼠，地松鼠。它以将电解质从血液中换到其他地方储存的方式来降低血液浓度，而这项发明可能用于治疗糖尿病等人类疾病。8. C【解析】细节理解题。由第一段For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals wont eat or drink anything at all可知，地松鼠可以多达8个月不吃不喝。即地松鼠冬眠时可以数个月不喝水。故选C。9. B【解析】推理判断题。由第二段a high blood concentration(血液浓度) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty可知血液浓度高促使动物包括人类
31、感到口渴，由此可以推断出冬眠的松鼠不口渴是因为血液浓度低。故选B。10.D 【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes(电解质)like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body可知，化学测试表明松鼠调节血液浓度是通过将电解质转移至身体其他部位储存的方式进行的，即移走某
32、种特定的物质即电解质，并储存到其他地方。故选D。11.B 【解析】观点态度题。由最后一段可知这项发现可以用来治疗糖尿病或者帮助长时间在太空站的宇航员，有实际运用的价值，即作者对此持积极态度。故选B。DWhat inspires kids to be creative and pursue academic excellence? Some teachers use rewards in recognition of students effort or achievement, giving them prizes, medals, certificates, or money.Psychol
33、ogists take opposite views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various as
34、pects of mental life, believe that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary(金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in primary school children, sug
35、gesting that properly given stimuli(刺激) indeed encourage creativity, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the Un
36、iversity of Delaware in Newark. But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards.A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with students lacking in creativity and mo
37、tivation, Eisenberger says. As an example of the latter point, he particularly mentions growing efforts to tighten grading standards and adopt failing grades at major universities.In earlier grades, the use of rewarding system, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-ba
38、sed points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, Eisenberger claims.12. Psychologists are divided in their attitudes toward _.A. the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsB. the amount of monetary rewards for students creativityC. the relationshi
39、p between actions and their consequencesD. the effects of external rewards on students performance13. Which of the following does NOT belong to examples of “external rewards”?A. Tom received a certificate for winning a speech competition.B. Mary was praised by the teacher for making progress in Engl
40、ish.C. Jacky made great efforts to enter a major university.D. John was offered a free summer camp due to his hard work.14. Which of the following can best raise students creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?A. Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.B. Assigning them tasks which
41、require creativity.C. Giving them rewards they really deserve.D. Giving them rewards they hope for.15. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they think _.A. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of studentsB. pu
42、nishing students is more effective than rewarding themC. failing unmotivated students helps improve their academic standardsD. discouraging students expectation of easy rewards is important【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了心理学家对外部奖励对学生成绩的影响的态度有分歧。而教育工作者则认为适当的外部奖励刺激确实能激发创造力，但是如果给予表现不好的学生奖励则可能会扼杀创造力。12. D【解析】细节理解题
43、。根据第二段第一句Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. （心理学家对外部奖励(从温暖的表扬到冷冰冰的现金)如何影响动机和创造力持相反的观点）可知，心理学家对外部奖励对学生成绩的影响的态度有分歧。故选D。13.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm pr
44、aise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. （心理学家对外部奖励(从温暖的表扬到冷冰冰的现金)如何影响动机和创造力持相反的观点）可知，外部奖励包括表扬到现金。分析选项可知C选项“杰克努力进入一所重点大学。”并不属于“外部奖励”的例子。故选C。14.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, says Rob
45、ert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards.（位于纽瓦克的特拉华大学的Robert Eisenberger说:“如果孩子们知道他们是为了奖励而工作，并且能够专注于一个相对有挑战性的任务，他们就会表现出最大的创造力。”“但如果对表现不佳的学生给予奖励，或者对奖励的渴望太强烈，就很容易扼杀创造力。”）提到孩子们
46、是为了获得奖赏而从事一项具有挑战性的工作时创造力最强，而如果对那些表现不好的学生也给予奖赏则会扼杀创造力，可见Robert Eisenberger观点是给他们应得的奖励。故选C。15.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards.（“但如果对表现不佳的学生给予奖励，或者对奖励的渴望太强烈，就很容易扼杀创造力。”）可知，如果一个老师对表现不好的学生也给予奖赏就会导致学生缺乏创造力，故
47、从文章中可以推断，各大大学正试图提高他们的评分标准，是因为他们认为奖励不好的表现可能会扼杀学生的创造力。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。As high school students, we must spend the vast majority of our time in class and reading books. 16. Without a friend, our world would be a wilderness. What kind of friends should we
48、 pick? What are the dos and donts of friendship? Here are some of my opinions.17. We may consider different people we meet every day to be nice and feel like making friends with them. However, not all good people are matches for us. Rather than make friends with the popular students, we should spend
49、 time with those we have things in common with, or who will be there to listen to us. Moreover, we should be careful about students with many bad habits, since they could pass those habits on to us.Being tolerant is a good idea. No one is perfect. 18. Therefore, we should try to understand our frien
50、ds and be patient with them when they make mistakes since were all on a journey to being better people. Gradually, our friendships will last longer and become more solid.Be honest. 19. However, its better to be honest with friends, to tell them what is bothering us and seek their advice. Being hones
51、t will not annoy your friends, but it will bring you and your friend closer together.We need to be open-minded. Listen to others ideas, whether you agree with them or not, and be happy to make friends with your friends friends. 20. A. We must be careful.B. We need to be well-informed.C. As is said,
52、honesty is the best policy.D. A friend without faults will never be found.E. None are so deaf as those who will not hear.F. Still, spending time with friends is also necessary and good for us.G. We all tend to show our positive side to friends and hide our true feelings.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了四点作者对于拥有好
53、友的观点和看法，如应该谨慎地交朋友；应该接受朋友的缺点；对朋友最好诚实；保持开放的心态倾听别人的想法等。16.F 根据前句As high school students, we must spend the vast majority of our time in class and reading books. 作为高中生，我们必须把大部分时间花在上课和读书上，和后句Without a friend, our world would be a wilderness.没有朋友，我们的世界将是一片荒野。可知，此句为承上启下句，花时间和朋友在一起也是必要的，对我们有好处。故选F。17.A 此处为本
54、段的主题句。根据后文However, not all good people are matches for us. 并不是所有的好人都适合我们，和Moreover, we should be careful about students with many bad habits, since they could pass those habits on to us. 我们应该小心有很多坏习惯的学生，因为他们会把这些习惯传给我们。可知，我们必须小心（交友）。故选A。18.D 根据前句No one is perfect. 人无完人，可知，没有缺点的朋友是永远找不到的。故选D。19. G根据本段
55、主题句Be honest. 对朋友诚实，和后句的转折However, its better to be honest with friends, to tell them what is bothering us and seek their advice. 然而，最好对朋友诚实，告诉他们是什么困扰着我们，并征求他们的意见。可知，我们都倾向于向朋友展示我们积极的一面，隐藏我们的真实感受。故选G。20.E 根据前句Listen to others ideas, whether you agree with them or not, and be happy to make friends wit
56、h your friends friends. 倾听他人的想法，不管你是否同意他们的观点，并乐于和你朋友的朋友交朋友，可知，要乐于倾听。故选E。第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Over two weeks ago I was standing on the summit of Mount Qomolangma. It was the top of many years hard work, and the 21 of a childhood
57、dream.I have been overwhelmed by the tide of goodwill and 22 . But one thing has become 23 apparent. Many people have constant misunderstandings about Mount Qomolangma. In their 24 ,Qomolangma has 25 her crown. She has become a mountain synonymous with death, exploitation and 26 The most common ques
58、tion I get asked is: “Is it 27 in rubbish?” As a United Nations patron( 资助人 ) of the wilderness, one of my roles is to 28 back from the Earths remaining wildernesses and to act as a 29 for the wild.I climbed Qomolangma expecting a rubbish dump but what I found 30 me: I 31 saw any litter, from the ai
59、rport to the summit.The Nepalese have 32 some huge clean-up campaigns in recent years, perhaps to improve their reputation, but also in response to some tragic natural disasters. The government 33 a number of requirements including that each climber 34 an additional 8kg of litter (not including thei
60、r own) and incentives( 激励) for Sherpas( 夏尔巴人) of $2 per kilo of rubbish cleaned.The results have been 35 . The country lanes of Great Britain have more rubbish than the 36 to base camp; despite the 100,000 footfalls I saw one of the cleanest, tidiest wilderness trails I have encountered.I have spent
61、 time in many of the worlds popular wilderness locations and I would say Nepal should be 37 . It is an example of man repairing the 38 he has done. As our focus turns to the oceans and the seemingly 39 task of repairing our marine habitat, we could look at Qomolangma as a fine 40 of turning back the
62、 clock.21. A. realizationB. motivationC. connectionD. schedule22. A. respondB. protectionC. changeD. support23. A. strangelyB. naturallyC. increasinglyD. easily24. A. symptomsB. mindsC. storiesD. permits25. A. lostB. fedC. countedD. saved26. A. adventureB. pollutionC. settlementD. choice27. A. cover
63、edB. seizedC. foundD. poured28. A. expectB. appreciateC. applyD. report29. A. planB. titleC. voiceD. lesson30. A. surprisedB. servedC. forcedD. stressed31. A. silentlyB. eagerlyC. franklyD. hardly32. A. challengedB. conductedC. observedD. qualified33. A. appealed toB. taken inC. depended onD. put fo
64、rward34. A. shareB. confirmC. removeD. bear35. A. selectiveB. familiarC. impressiveD. repairable36. A. realityB. trailC. opportunityD. league37. A. vitalB. proudC. simpleD. unique38. A. conclusionB. convenienceC. arrangementD. damage39. A. impossibleB. necessaryC. unusualD. extra40. A. contentB. dir
65、ectionC. exampleD. situation【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者登上珠穆朗玛峰的故事。在作者以前的印象中，珠峰充满着死亡、开发和垃圾。亲历之后，作者对珠峰的印象大为改观，并盛赞当地政府的一些做法，呼吁人们效仿，使世界环境变得更美好。21. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是多年努力的结果，也是一个儿时梦想的实现。A. realization实现；B. motivation动机；C. connection连接；D. schedule日程表。作者经过多年的努力，终于登上珠峰，说儿时的梦想得以实现（realization）。故选A。22. D考查名词词义辨析。句意：我
66、被善意和支持的潮水淹没了。A. respond答复；B. protection保护；C. change改变；D. support支持。根据前面的 goodwill 可知，该空与其意义相近，故选 support，表示作者得到很多善意和支持。故选D。23. C考查副词词义辨析。句意：但有一件事变得越来越明显。A. strangely奇怪地；B. naturally自然地；C. increasingly不断增加地；D. easily容易地。在得到大量支持之际，有一件事情变得日益(increasingly )明显。因为一直以来，人们对珠峰就有误解，并且这种误解至今存在于很多人心目中。故选C。24. B
67、考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们的心目中，珠穆朗玛峰已经失去了她的王冠。A. symptoms症状；B. minds头脑；C. stories故事；D. permits允许。介词短语 in ones minds 意为“在的心目中”。故选B。25. A考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他们的心目中，珠穆朗玛峰已经失去了她的王冠。A. lost失去；B. fed喂食；C. counted数；D. saved保存。根据下文语境中的 She has become a mountain synonymous with death, exploitation 可知，珠峰风光不再，即它失去了(lost)王冠。故选A。
68、26. B考查名词词义辨析。句意：在很多人的印象中，珠峰充满着死亡、开发和污染（pollution）。A. adventure冒险；B. pollution污染；C. settlement解决；D. choice选择。下文多次提到人们清理垃圾的事情，所以此处选 pollution。故选B。27. A考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被问到的最常见的问题是:“它被垃圾覆盖了吗?”A. covered覆盖；B. seized抓住；C. found发现；D. poured倾倒。根据上文语境提到的人们对珠峰的印象不好可知，作者经常被问的一个问题就是：珠峰是不是被垃圾覆盖(covered)？故选A。28. D考
69、查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个任务就是向联合国汇报(report)地球上剩下的荒野的状况。A. expect期盼；B. appreciate欣赏；C. apply应用；D. report汇报。作为受联合国资助的登山者，作者的一个任务就是向联合国汇报(report)地球上剩下的荒野的状况。故选D。29. C考查名词词义辨析。句意：并且为此荒野发声。A. plan计划；B. title头衔；C. voice声音；D. lesson教训。动词短语 act as a voice for.意为“作为的代言人”，作者想为大自然发声。故选C。30.A考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爬珠穆朗玛峰，以为会有一个垃圾场
70、，但我的发现让我惊讶。A. surprised吃惊；B. served服务；C. forced迫使；D. stressed着重。作者的想象与真实情况截然不同，故让作者大为吃惊(surprised)。故选A。31.D考查副词词义辨析。句意：从机场到山顶，我几乎看不到任何垃圾。A. silently默默地；B. eagerly渴望地；C. frankly坦率地；D. hardly几乎没有。由后面语境提到的垃圾清理情况可知，作者从机场到山顶几乎没有(hardly)看见垃圾。故选D。32.B考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼泊尔人近年来进行了一些大规模的清理运动。A. challenged挑战；B. cond
71、ucted实施；C. observed观察；D. qualified合格。这里指最近几年，尼泊尔人开展垃圾清理运动。conduct campaigns 意为“开展活动”。故选B。33. D考查动词短语词义辨析。政府提出了许多要求，句意：A. appealed to 呼吁；B. taken in吸收；C. depended on依靠；D. put forward提出。尼泊尔政府对登山者也提出了(put forward)一些要求。故选D。34. C考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个登山者清除额外的8公斤的垃圾(不包括自身的)。A. share分享；B. confirm证实；C. remove清除；D.
72、bear忍受。这些要求包括清除(remove)额外的 8 公斤垃圾，不包括自己的垃圾。故选C。35. C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果令人印象深刻。A. selective可选择的； B. familiar熟悉的；C. impressive印象深刻的；D. repairable可修缮的。这些措施产生的结果给人们留下了非常深刻的印象(impressive)。故选C。36.B考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国乡间小路上的垃圾比通往大本营的小道还多。A. reality 现实；B. trail小道；C. opportunity机会；D. league同盟。与通往登山大本营的小道(trail)相比，英国的村
73、间小道的垃圾都比这里多。尽管有成千上万的脚步走过，作者看到了一条他遇到过的最干净、最整洁的荒野小径。下一句“I saw one of the cleanest, tidiest wilderness trails I have encountered.”中的 trails 是提示。故选B。37. B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为尼泊尔应该感到自豪。A. vital极重要的；B. proud骄傲的；C. simple简单的；D. unique独特的。根据作者的描述可知，尼泊尔政府采取了很多清理垃圾的举措，效果明显，故应该引以为豪(proud)。故选B。38.D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个
74、人类弥补他所造成的伤害的例子。A. conclusion结论；B. convenience方便；C. arrangement安排；D. damage破坏。这是人类修复自己对大自然造成的破坏(damage)。故选D。39.A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一看似不可能完成的任务。A. impossible不可能的；B. necessary必须的；C. unusual不同寻常的；D. extra额外的。人类对海洋栖息地造成的破坏非常严重，要想修复非常困难，看起来是不太可能的(impossible)。故选A。40.C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以把珠穆朗玛峰作为一个让时间倒流的典范。A. conten
75、t内容；B. direction方向；C. example例子；D. situation状况。根据上文语境可知，珠峰的垃圾清理取得不错的效果，我们可以把珠峰作为恢复原貌的典范。这里作者呼吁人类也应该像清理珠峰一样去清理海洋垃圾。a fine example“典范”。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题l5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。If this 13-year-old American boy succeeds in his effort 41. (climb) Mount Everest, he has modest ambitions p
76、ick a small piece of rock from the top of the world as a memento (纪念品 ) and wear it in a necklace.I will not sell it or give it to anyone. It is something for 42. (me) to say this is a rock from the summit, ” Jordan Romero from California, told reporters in Kathmandu. He left 43. the mountain on Sun
77、day.If he 44. (succeed), Romero will become 45. youngest climber to scale the 8,850 meters Everest summit. 46. (current) a 16-year-old Nepali boy, Temba Tsheri Sherpa, holds the record of being the world s youngest climber of Mount Everest. But Romero said he was not after 47. (set) climbing records
78、.Romero said Mount Qomolangma was part of his goal to climb the highest mountains on all seven 48. (continent).It is just a goal,” he 49. (say) confidently. If I dont succeed I am okay. I will try again. ”Romero has already climbed Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mount McKinley in Alaska among other
79、s.I know it requires a lot of 50. (patient). I will remain patient. I want to stay safe and make right choice, ”Romero said.【答案】41. to climb42. myself43. for44. succeeds45. the46. Currently47. setting48. continents49. said50. patience【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位13岁的美国男孩准备攀登珠穆朗玛峰，如果他成功登顶，他将创下最年轻登顶的纪录，此前的纪录是
80、一名16岁男孩保持的。41. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果这个13岁的美国男孩成功攀登珠穆朗玛峰，他的雄心壮志从世界之巅挑一块小岩石作为纪念品，然后戴在自己的脖子上。in ones effort to do sth意为努力做，故填to climb。42. 考查代词。句意：对于我来说，它是我说的“这是山顶的一块石头”的某个东西。分析句子可知，say的主语和宾语都是这个小男孩，因此需要使用反身代词。故填myself。43. 考查介词。句意：他星期天出发上山。文章第一句提到“If this 13-year-old American boy succeeds in his effort”如果这个小男孩成
81、功了的话，说明男孩那时还未出发登山，leave for意为出发至某处，为固定搭配，故填for。44. 考查动词时态。句意：如果他成功的话，他就会成为最年轻的登山员。分析句子可知，男孩成为登山员的条件是他成功了，即指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译作“假如、如果”，在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，表示将来时态，主句是一般将来时态，祈使句或情态动词，从句要用现在时态，即主将从现原则，该句中主语he是第三人称单数形式，因此句中谓语也要使用三单形式。故填succeeds。45. 考查定冠词。句意：如果他成功的话，他就会成为爬上8850米珠穆朗玛峰最年轻的登
82、山员。分析句子可知，youngest为形容词的最高级，因此需要定冠词the修饰限定，故填the。46. 考查副词。句意：目前，一名16岁的尼泊尔男孩Temba Tsheri Sherpa保持着世界最年轻的珠穆朗玛峰登山者纪录。分析句子可知，需用副词作状语修饰整个句子。故填Currently。47. 考查非谓语动词。句意：但在创造了攀登纪录后，Romero说他并不是。分析句子可知，after为介词，介词后动词需使用动名词形式，故填setting。48. 考查名词复数。句意：Romero说，珠穆朗玛峰是他攀登七大洲最高峰的目标之一。分析句子可知，seven是复数概念，因此修饰的名词需用复数形式。故
83、填continents。49. 考查动词时态。句意：他自信地说。分析文章可知，整篇文章使用了一般过去时，为保证时态一致性，因此需使用一般过去时，故填said。50. 考查名词。句意：我知道这需要很大的耐心。分析句子可知，a lot of后接名词，因此需将patient改为名词形式。故填patience。第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词
84、。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Im having wonderful time here in France. Now Im drinking frccs in one of the open-air caf. The first day when we went on a guided tour of Paris. We saw most of the famous sights like the Louvre, where they have
85、 an amazed collection of paintings, but the Eiffel Tower. Yesterday we went down to the South of France by train. It was such fast that the whole journey was only about three hours. We spend a little time in Nice and in Cannes as well, and we all real enjoyed the journey. I practiced speak my French
86、 a little and I spoke them when I did shopping.【答案】wonderful前加acaf cafs/cafes去掉whenamazed amazingbut andsuch sospend spentreal reallyspeak speakingthem it【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在法国旅游的经历。【详解】第一处：考查冠词。虽然time不可数名词，但在形容词修饰time会加“a”不定冠词，通常用来表示一段时期。故将wonderful前加a。第二处：考查名词数。one of后加名词的复数形式。故将caf 改为 cafs/ca
87、fes。第三处：考查时间状语。分析句子可知，句中The first day引导状语从句，句中无定语从句。故去掉when。第四处：考查形容词。修饰名词collection of paintings，指物，前用形容词amazing修饰，表示“令人惊异的”。故将amazed 改为amazing。第五处：考查连词。这里指“那里有惊人的绘画收藏品，还有埃菲尔铁塔。”前后为并列关系，故所以用连词and。故将but改为 and。第六处：考查副词。这里考查so + adj. + that从句，而such后接名词。故将such 改为so。第七处：考查时态。从全文可知用一般过去时。故将spend改为spent。第
88、八处：考查副词。修饰动词enjoyed用副词形式。故将real改为really。第九处：考查短语。短语practice doing sth.练习做某事。故将speak改为speaking。第十处：考查代词。这里指代前文中的my French，为不可数名词，故用it代指。故将them改为it。第二节书面表达（满分25分）假定你是某中学学生李华。你的美国笔友Zoey对目前国内的交通出行很感兴趣，来信询问相关情况。请你用英文给她写一封回信，内容包括：1. 现在中国人出行的主要交通工具；2. 日常工作和生活中，人们如何选择出行方式；3. 期望能了解英国的相关情况。注意：1. 词数不少于100；2. 开
89、头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Zoey,I am writing to tell you something about the present transportation in China._Yours,Li Hua【范文】Dear Zoey,I am writing to tell you something about the present transportation in China. First of all, the major transportation used in China are divided into two categories, includi
90、ng private ones, which usually are referred to private cars and public ones, which commonly includes trains and airplanes. Secondly, it is convenient for people to choose proper ways in their daily life. In most cases, they prefer to use private cars when it is not too far or when they want to enjoy
91、 a short trip. However, taking time and distance into consideration, they will travel by train or even by plane when efficiency is needed. Anyhow, nowadays, travelling by train or plane is not as expensive as before and train in China develops so rapidly, widely known as Chinese Speed.Hope to know some detail information about transportation in your country. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours,Li Hua
