1、(建议用时：30分钟) 阅读理解A(2019福州适应性练习)If your friends are happy, it turns out youre more likely to be happy too. If your friends are overweight, that too ups the chances youll gain weight. Those effects have been shown in studies. And now researchers have identified another seemingly contagious quality: exe
2、rcise.The researchers analyzed the running activity of more than a million people worldwide who used an exercise tracking device(装置) for five years. And they used weather patterns as a way to randomly examine different parts of that global network.“Cities have different weather patterns，” Sinan Aral
3、, a computational social scientist at MIT says. This experiment allowed them to ask: Does a rainy day in New York affect running in San Diego? If the weather in New York causes changes in the running behavior in San Diego, it can really only be happening through the influences of the friends who liv
4、e between New York and San Diego.And that is exactly what he and his colleague saw: that the behavior of one citys runners could indeed affect the behavior of runners in another socially connected city. Women tended to be influenced more by the female runners in their networks. And less active runne
5、rs tended to influence more active runners to run more, but not so much the other way around.Still, this could be valuable for health professionals. “We have to start thinking of consumers and citizens as networked consumers and citizens. Where they are influenced by and influence their social netwo
6、rk in very strong ways, that will change the way a particular intervention(干涉) succeeds or fails.”In other words, if your prescription is more exercise, the doctors might want to write a prescription for your friends and family, too.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了锻炼也会传染。1What does the underlined word “contagious” in
7、Paragraph 1 mean?AInfectious.BExcellent.CBeneficial.DDifferent.A解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“If your friends are happy.youll gain weight.”可知，这些具有传染的特征。故画线词的词义是“传染性的”。故选A项。2What can we conclude from the experiment?AWeather changes peoples feelings.BPeoples behavior affects each other.CExercise has something to d
8、o with weather.DPeoples connection depends on distance.B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“that the behavior of one citys runners could indeed affect the behavior of runners in another socially connected city”可推知，人们的行为是互相影响的。故选B项。3What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to?AWomen are easier to be inf
9、luenced by male runners.BPeople in the same city affect each other more.CFriends tend to influence each other in exercising.DA rainy day in one city affects running in another.C解析：代词指代题。根据第四段的最后两句“Women tended to be influenced more by the female runners in their networks. And less active runners ten
10、ded to influence more active runners to run more, but not so much the other way around.”并结合第五段内容可推知，this指代的是第四段最后两句的内容，即朋友在锻炼时往往是互相影响的。故选C项。4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AThink Twice Before RunningBMore Exercise Benefits HealthCWeather Patterns Affect Running BehaviorDHe
11、althy Behavior Can Spread Like IllnessD解析：标题归纳题。本篇文章开篇提到如果你的朋友快乐，那你也快乐的可能性很大；如果你的朋友体重超重，那你体重增加的概率也会上升。这些效应已经被研究证明。现在研究人员证实了另一个似乎具有传染性的东西：锻炼。故D项最适合作本文的标题。B(2019合肥高三调研性检测)The San Francisco Giants added a special pitcher(投球手) for the day. It was smallyet fierceHailey Dawson, who has a 3Dprinted hand.Th
12、e energetic 8yearold from Nevada was invited to throw out the first pitch at the Giants game on Sunday. Hailey was born with Poland syndrome, a disorder in which affected individuals were born with missing or underdeveloped muscles on one side of the body. It affected her hand.With a traditional pro
13、sthetic(义肢的) hand potentially costing thousands of dollars, Haileys mom, Yong Dawson turned to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas for help. She emailed UNLV College of Engineering, and they accepted the challenge. Brendan OToole, chairman of the mechanical engineering department, said he and his te
14、am had got a lot of requests, “but this one was different.” They got to work using a 3Dprinter. Several prototypes(原型) and fittings later, Hailey got her first hand about four years ago.Haileys mother said the hand had given her daughter a wonderful lift. “When she puts this robotic hand on, it chan
15、ges her personality and confidence level，” Yong Dawson told CBS San Francisco. “I love seeing that. I just wanted her to have an even playing field.”When she arrived at AT&T Park on Sunday, Hailey got to hang out with players in the shelter at the side of the sports field. They even let her try on t
16、heir World Series rings.Using her 3Dprinted hand, Hailey threw out the perfect first pitch. Then with a wave and a smile, she headed into the stands to cheer on her newfound friends on the Giants.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了内华达大学工程学院的工作人员用3D打印技术帮助一个患有Poland综合征的小女孩打印假肢的事情。5What caused the function loss of Haileys h
17、and?AA serious brain disorder.BA born physical problem.CAn awful game accident.DAn unexpected infection.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Hailey was born with Poland syndrome, a disorder in which affected individuals were born with missing or underdeveloped muscles on one side of the body.”可知，Hailey手功能丧失是天生的生理上的问题
18、，故选B。6Why did Yong Dawson ask the University of Nevada for help?AShe couldnt find a suitable hospital.BShe knew it had the advanced 3Dprinter.CShe couldnt afford a traditional prosthetic hand.DShe was forced to accept the tough challenge.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“With a traditional prosthetic(义肢的) hand pot
19、entially costing thousands of dollars, Haileys mom, Yong Dawson turned to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas for help.”可知，Yong Dawson向内华达大学求助的原因是传统的假肢费用昂贵，她支付不起，故选C。7What is Haileys mothers attitude towards the 3Dprinted hand?ASkeptical. BPositive.CAmbiguous.DCautious.B解析：观点态度题。根据第四段第一句“Haileys mot
20、her said the hand had given her daughter a wonderful lift.”和第四段的内容可推知，Hailey的妈妈对3D打印手持积极的态度，觉得这能够让孩子受到鼓舞，故选B。8Which of the following is the best title for the text?AMothers Love Makes a Huge DifferenceBA Talented Young Pitcher Gets a Great FutureCThe 3Dprinting Technology Is Changing Our LifeDA Girl
21、 with a 3Dprinted Hand Throws Her First PitchD解析：标题归纳题。文章前两段点题，并结合全文的内容可推知，本文主要讲述了一个身患Poland综合征的小女孩安装了3D打印手，从而实现了在运动场上投球的可能性的故事，故选D。 完形填空(2019全国卷)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They _1_ with them lots of waste. The _2_ might damage the be
22、auty of the place. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing, changing the _3_ of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, Im _4_ about the place other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon _5_ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of _6_ among tons of rubb
23、ish. I find a _7_ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are _8_ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be _9_The best of a Kilimanjaro _10_， in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are _11_ as spiritual places by many
24、cultures. This _12_ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as _13_ go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, _14_ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather _15_low clouds envelope the mountainsides, whi
25、ch are covered with thick grass. I _16_ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4，000 meters is the highland _17_： gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. _18_ you climb into an arcticlike zone with _19_ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro _20_ its reputation as a crowded m
26、ountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.【解题导语】文章围绕人与自然的主题，讲述了乞力马扎罗山(Kilimanjaro)环境遭到破坏的现状，同时也介绍了它独特的生态系统，旨在呼吁人们去保护这一奇观。1A.keepBmixCconnectDbringD解析：根据首段第一句“Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro”和下文的“The _ might damage the b
27、eauty of the place”可知，此处指他们带来了大量垃圾。keep“保留”；mix“混合”；connect“联结”。2A.storiesBbuildingsCcrowdsDreportersC解析：根据首段第一句中的“40，000 people”可知，此处指人群可能破坏了这个地方的美景。crowd“人群”，符合语境。story“故事”；building“建筑物”；reporter“记者”。3A.positionBageCfaceDnameC解析：根据上文的“damage the beauty of the place”和“The glaciers(冰川) are disappear
28、ing”可知，这里指冰川正在消失，改变了乞力马扎罗山的地貌。face“面貌，外观特征”，符合语境。position“位置”；age“年龄，时代”；name“名称，名字”。4A.silentBskepticalCseriousDcrazyB解析：上文提到乞力马扎罗山已经遭到破坏，我对这个地方开始持怀疑态度其他的目的地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。silent“沉默的”；skeptical“怀疑的”；serious“严肃的”；crazy“疯狂的”。5A.discoverBargueCdecideDadvocateA解析：根据下文可知，不久，我就发现，自从读到关于营地里有很多垃圾的令人不安的报道以来
29、，情况已经发生了很大变化。discover“发现”；argue“争论”；decide“决定”；advocate“提倡，主张”。6A.equipmentBgrassCcampsDstonesC解析：根据下文的“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可知，此处指营地里有很多垃圾。camp“营地”，符合语境。equipment“设备”；grass“草地”；stone“石块”。7A.remoteBquietCtallDcleanD解析：上文提到营地里有很多垃圾的情况已经发生了很大变化，此处指我发现了一座干净的山，营地和沿途都有厕所。此处旨在说明乞力马扎罗山
30、营地的变化。remote“偏远的”；quiet“安静的”；tall“高的”；clean“干净的”。8A.newBspecialCsignificantDnecessaryC解析：由上文的“tons of rubbish”可知，此处指环境的挑战是巨大的。new“新的”；special“特别的，格外的”；significant“有重大意义的，重大的”；necessary“必要的”。9A.paying offBspreading outCblowing upDfading awayA解析：挑战虽大，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎正在取得成效。pay off“奏效，取得成功”；spread out
31、“伸展，散开”；blow up“爆炸”；fade away“逐渐消失”。10A.atmosphereBexperienceCexperimentDsightB解析：乞力马扎罗山最好的体验不是到达顶峰。atmosphere“气氛，大气”；experience“体验”；experiment“实验”；sight“视力，景物”。11A.studiedBobservedCexploredDregardedD解析：在许多文化中，山被认为是精神之所在。study“研究”；observe“观察”；explore“探索”；regard“认为”。12A.viewBqualityCreasonDpurposeA解析
32、：在几公里的空间里，登山者经历五个生态系统，这种观点(山被认为是精神之所在)在乞力马扎罗山体现得尤其明显。view“观点”；quality“质量”；reason“原因”；purpose“目的”。13A.scientistsBclimbersClocalsDofficialsB解析：此处指登山者。scientist“科学家”；climber“登山者”；local“当地人”；official“官员”。14A.holding on toBgoing back toCliving up toDgiving way toD解析：在乞力马扎罗山的不同海拔高度，生长着不同的植被。乞力马扎罗山的底部是一片热带
33、雨林，它在海拔3 000米的地方突然中断，取而代之的是低矮的植物。hold on to“保住”；go back to“追溯到”；live up to“不辜负”；give way to“被代替”。15A.changesBclearsCimprovesDpermitsA解析：再往上走，天气变了低垂的云笼罩着山坡，山坡上长满了茂密的草。change“变化”；clear“放晴”；improve“改善，提高”；permit“许可，允许”。16A.matchBimagineCcountDaddC解析：从我站的地方，我数了数有十二种绿色。match“相配”；imagine“想象”；count“数数”；add
34、“增加”。17A.villageBdesertCroadDlakeB解析：根据空后的“gravel(砾石), stones and rocks”可知，海拔4 000米以上是高原沙漠：砾石、石头和岩石。village“村庄”；desert“沙漠”；road“道路”；lake“湖泊”。18A.ObviouslyBEasilyCConsequentlyDFinallyD解析：最后，你会爬进一个像北极一样的地带，那里终年积雪，冰川可能很快就会消失。obviously“明显地”；easily“容易地”；consequently“结果”；finally“最后，终于”。19A.permanentBlittleCfreshDartificialA解析：参见上题解析。permanent“永久的，永恒的”；little“小的”；fresh“新鲜的”；artificial“人造的，人工的”。20A.enjoyBdeserveCsaveDacquireB解析：乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，络绎不绝的游客正在破坏和平的氛围，它值得这样赞誉吗？enjoy“享受的乐趣”；deserve“值得”；save“节省，保存”；acquire“获得”。
