1、云南省师范大学附属中学2021届高三英语热身考试试题（含解析）注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再 选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分120分，考试用时100分钟。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAround the world, there are hundreds
2、 of cities with brightly coloured streets and incredible graffiti that help to bring the streets alive. Here are some of the most colourful streets in the world to add to your list of places to visit.El Caminito, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaWithin the La Boca neighbourhood of Buenos Aires lies El Caminit
3、o Street. This small but colourful street has rows of homes and businesses painted in every colour imaginable. And the pretty turquoise (青绿色) and yellow pavements make the street even more beautiful. Home to cafes and shops, this street is typically a hot spot for tourists.Rainbow Row, Charleston, A
4、mericaMany people claim that if you dont visit Rainbow Row then you havent really been to Charleston at all. The row of 13 houses, painted in pretty pale soft colours including baby blue, soft pink, lemon yellow, and green, are private houses that date back to the 1700s. Just around the corner in th
5、e same neighbourhood, youll find small ice cream shops, coffee shops, and independently owned stores to do some window shopping for a fun girls getaway weekend.Old Town Colmar, FranceOne of the most colourful areas in France is Old Town Colmar, a little village often referred to as the Little Venice
6、 of France with a history of over 1,100 years. The canal running through the center of the village is surrounded by half-wood houses of different colours. The village takes special care of the flowers that line the canal, which add to its collection of vibrant hues (鲜艳的色调).Nyhavn, Copenhagen, Denmar
7、kThe harbour district of Copenhagen is one of the countrys most popular tourist attractions, with good reason the colourful street is only outdone by the views of the boats on the harbour. Nyhavn is home to traditional homes painted in bright colours; some have been changed into cafes and shops.1. W
8、hich street has colourful ground?A. Old Town Colmar.B. El Caminito.C. Rainbow Row.D. Nyhavn.2. Why is Old Town Colmar regarded as the Little Venice of France?A. For the canal flowing through the village.B. For the vibrant hues added to the view.C. For the houses in pretty pale soft colours.D. For th
9、e flowers decorating the canal.3. What fascinates tourists most in the harbour district of Copenhagen?A. The pretty colorful street.B. The beautiful private houses.C. The attractive cafes and shops.D. The charming boat scene.【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上最美的四条街道。【1题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Within
10、 the La Boca neighbourhood of Buenos Aires lies El Caminito Street. This small but colourful street has rows of homes and businesses painted in every colour imaginable. And the pretty turquoise (青绿色) and yellow pavements make the street even more beautiful. (在布宜诺斯艾利斯的拉博卡街区内，坐落着El Caminito街道。这条小而色彩斑斓
11、的街道上，一排排的房屋和企业被漆成了难以想象各种各样的颜色。还有漂亮的绿松石和黄色人行道使街道更加美丽。)”可知，漂亮的青绿色和黄色的路面使El Caminito街道更加美丽，由此可知El Caminito街道有五颜六色的地面。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的“The canal running through the center of the village is surrounded by half-wood houses of different colours. (穿过村庄中心的运河被不同颜色的半木房子包围着。)”可知，Old Town Colmar被誉为法国的小威尼斯
12、是因为有运河穿越其中。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段中的“The harbour district of Copenhagen is one of the countrys most popular tourist attractions, with good reason the colourful street is only outdone by the views of the boats on the harbour. (哥本哈根海港区是该国最受欢迎的旅游景点之一，这是有充分理由的这条五彩缤纷的街道被港口上船只的景色超越。)”可知，这条五彩缤纷的街道被海边船只的景色所超
13、越，由此可知，哥本哈根海港区最吸引游客的是迷人的船景。故选D项。BCharles Brooks of Newark, New Jersey patented the street sweeper truck on March 17th, 1896. He patented a ticket punch(剪票钳) design too that avoided ticket litter thrown away here and there. Little can be known about him other than that he was a black man.Horses and o
14、xen were the main means of transportation in Brookss timewhere there are animals, there is manure(粪肥).So there were piles of manure that needed removing regularly. The task of street sweeping was not carried out by machines, but workers sweeping garbage with a broom into a container. This method cle
15、arly required a lot of labor, although it did provide employment.That changed when mechanical street sweepers were invented by Joseph Whitworth in England and C. S. Bishop in the USA, which were still drawn by horses as Bishops design was dragged behind horses. Later Brooks made some changesa truck
16、with revolving brushes that swept the litter into a hopper(漏斗). The revolving brushes were attached to the front part of the truck and could be replaced by scrapers for snow removal in winter.Brooks also designed an improved container for sorting garbage as well as a wheel drive for the automatic tu
17、rning of the brushes and for powering a lifting mechanism for the scrapers. Its not known whether his design was produced and marketed. The patent number 556711 was issued on March 17tn, 1896. The motor-driven pickup street sweeper was later developed by John M. Murphy for the Elgin Sweeper Company,
18、 which first appeared in 1913.4. Why was much labor involved in street sweeping in Brooks time?A. Because manure needed clearing at times.B. Because workers took it to support their families.C. Because it was done by hand.D. Because there was much ticket litter on the streets.5. How did the Brooks s
19、treet sweeper differ from those invented by Whitworth and Bishop?A. It was pulled by a horse.B. It offered more working opportunities.C. It could do a timely cleanup of manure.D. It was fixed to the front of a truck.6. What can be concluded from the passage?A. The street sweeper kept being improved.
20、B. Brooks invented the first street sweeper.C. Murphy patented his street sweeper in 1913.D. Brooks profited from his new design.7. Which of the following can best describe Brooks according to the text?A. Conservative.B. Creative.C. Cooperative.D. Curious.【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了
21、街道清洁车的发明和改进。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“The task of street sweeping was not carried out by machines, but workers sweeping garbage with a broom into a container. This method clearly required a lot of labor”可知，清扫街道的任务不是由机器完成的，而是工人们用扫帚把垃圾扫进容器里，这种方法显然需要大量的劳动力。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段内容，尤其是最后一句“The revolving bru
22、shes were attached to the front part of the truck and could be replaced by scrapers for snow removal in winter.(旋转刷安装在卡车的前部，冬天可以用刮雪机代替)”可知，英国的Joseph Whitworth 和美国的C. S. Bishop发明的机械街道清洁机是由马拉的，后来Brooks做了一些改变 一辆带有旋转刷子的卡车把垃圾扫进漏斗。旋转刷子连接在卡车的前部，冬天可以换成刮雪刀来除雪。所以Brooks发明的街道清扫机和Joseph Whitworth 及C. S. Bishop的不
23、同之处是旋转刷安装在卡车的前面。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“mechanical street sweepers were invented by Joseph Whitworth in England and C. S. Bishop in the USA”及“Later Brooks made some changes”可知，马拉机械街道清洁机最早由英国的Joseph Whitworth和美国的C. S. Bishop发明，后来Brook做了很多改变；结合最后一段的“Brooks also designed an improved container.”及“The mo
24、tor-driven pickup street sweeper was later developed by John M. Murphy”可知，Brooks还设计了一个改进的容器为垃圾分类，以及车轮驱动的自动转动刷和刮刀的升降装置，再后来 John M. Murphy开发了电动街道清洁车。由此可知，街道清洁车的出现是一个不断改进的过程。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第一段中“He patented a ticket punch(剪票钳) design.”、第三段中“Later Brooks made some changes.”及最后一段中“Brooks also d
25、esigned an improved container.”可知，Brooks不仅因不断改进街道清洁车而获得专利，还发明了剪票钳，是一个“有创造力的”人。故选B项。CThe five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope(FAST) the only significant instrument of its kind after the fall of the American Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico in December, 2020 officially opened its door for f
26、oreign astronomers to use on March 31st this year, hoping to attract the worlds top scientific talents. The worlds largest radio telescope signals Chinas ambition as a global center for scientific research.The FAST in Pingtang, Guizhou Province, travels twice as fast as the US-owned one, and up to t
27、hree times more sensitive. The FAST is also superior to Arecibo for it can deform and rotate. Work on the FAST began in 2011 and started full operations in January, 2020. The data being collected by FAST should allow for a better understanding of the origins of the universe and aid in searching for
28、alien life.China has been rapidly strengthening its development of science and technology to rely less on foreign technology. In the past two decades, China has built the largest high-speed train network in the world, finalized its Beidou geolocation system and is now in the process of bringing luna
29、r samples back to Earth.Denis Simon, an expert on Chinese science policy, said, “China was viewed to be slow in innovation only a few years ago. Improvements in scientific innovation have been rapid recently. With more and more freedom given to the scientific and engineering community to explore new
30、 ideas and take bigger risks in the research environment, the risk-off culture in the past has given way to a more enterprise-starting culture.”8. What can be learned about FAST?A. It is ready to greet international scientists.B. It has been running for two decades.C. It is the only telescope to stu
31、dy outer space.D. It keeps our contact with aliens.9. How does the writer highlight the advantages of FAST?A. By example.B. By explanation.C. By analysis.D. By comparison.10. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Chinas dependence on foreign technology.B. Some achievements of China in science and tech
32、nology.C. The joint efforts of scientists at home and abroad.D. The significant role of FAST.11. What is the key to the scientific innovations according to the text?A. The urgent call for policy flexibility.B. The traditional culture of avoiding risks.C The less limitation on exploration.D. The stro
33、ng desire to develop technology.【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了“中国天眼”于今年3月31日正式对外国天文学家开放和中国近二十年取得的科技成就及其原因。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“The five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope(FAST) the only significant instrument of its kind after the fall of the American Arecibo telescope in Puerto
34、 Rico in December, 2020 officially opened its door for foreign astronomers to use on March 31st this year, hoping to attract the worlds top scientific talents. (五百米口径球面望远镜（FAST）2020年12月美国阿雷西博望远镜在波多黎各倒下后唯一的重要仪器于今年3月31日正式向外国天文学家开放使用，希望能吸引世界顶级科学人才)”可知，FAST已经准备好迎接国际科学家。故选 A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The FAST i
35、n Pingtang, Guizhou Province, travels twice as fast as the US-owned one, and up to three times more sensitive. The FAST is also superior to Arecibo for it can deform and rotate.(贵州省平塘市FAST的运行速度是美国的两倍，灵敏度也高于美国三倍。FAST优于Arecibo因为它可以变形和旋转)”可推知，作者通过和美国的 Arecibo 望远镜做对比来体现“中国天眼”的优势。故选 D。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“
36、China has been rapidly strengthening its development of science and technology to rely less on foreign technology. In the past two decades, China has built the largest high-speed train network in the world, finalised its Beidou geolocation system and is now in the process of bringing lunar samples b
37、ack to Earth.(中国已迅速加强科学技术的发展，减少对国外技术的依赖。在过去20年里，中国建成了世界上最大的高铁网络，完成了北斗地理定位系统，目前正在将月球样本带回地球)”可知，第三段主要讲了中国近年来的科技成就。故选 B。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“With more and more freedom given to the scientific and engineering community to explore new ideas and take bigger risks in the research environment, the risk-off
38、culture in the past has given way to a more enterprise-starting culture.(随着科学和工程领域被赋予越来越多的自由，在研究环境中探索新想法和承担更大的风险，过去的风险规避文化已经让位于更多的创业文化)”可知，科学创新的关键是对勘探更少的限制。故选 C。DBears do it. Bats do it. Even European hedgehogs do it. And now it turns out that early human beings may also have been at it. They hibern
39、ated - slept through winter, according to fossil experts.Evidence from the bones found at one of the worlds most important fossil sites suggests that our primitive ancestors may have dealt with extreme cold hundreds of thousands of years ago by hibernating.The conclusion is based on excavations in a
40、 cave called Sima de los Huesothe pit(坑) of bonesat Atapuerca, in northern Spain. The fossils date back more than 400,000 years and were probably from early Neanderthals or their ancestors.In a paper published in the journal LAnthropologie Juan-Luis Arsuaga and Antonis Bartsiokas argue that the foss
41、ils found there show seasonal variations that suggest that bone growth was interrupted for several months of each year.The pattern of lesions(病变) found in the human bones at the Sima cave are consistent with that found in bones of hibernating mammals, including cave bears. A strategy of hibernation
42、would have been the only solution for them to survive having to spend months in a cave due to the chilly conditions, the authors state.They examine several opposite arguments. Modern Inuit and Sami peoplealthough living in equally harsh, cold conditionsdo not hibernate. So why did the people in the
43、Sima cave do it?The answer, say Arsuaga and Bartsiokas, is that fatty fish and reindeer fat provide Inuit and Sami people with food during winter and so preclude the need for them to hibernate. In contrast, the area around the Sima site half a million years ago would not have provided anything like
44、enough food.12. Why are bears and bats taken as an example?A. To arouse readers curiosity about the animals fossils.B. To lead to the similarity between early humans and them.C. To make the conclusion of the fossil experts reasonable.D To prove our primitive ancestors hibernated.13. What do we know
45、about the people in the Sima cave?A. Their bone pattern was similar to that of cave bears.B. They lived in a more freezing area than Sami people.C. They might have hibernated to avoid the cold.D. Their life was threatened by other mammals in winter.14. What does the underlined part preclude the need
46、 mean in the last paragraph?A Its unsuitable.B. Its helpful.C. Its important.D. Its unnecessary.15. What is the best title for the passage?A. Hibernating to Survive WinterB. Adapting to Seasonal ChangeC. Disturbance to Bone Growth in WinterD. Fish and Fat to Help Live【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A【解析】【
47、分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项考古学家的研究发现远古的人类可能真的通过冬眠来度过漫漫寒冬。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“And now it turns out that early human beings may also have been at it. They hibernatedslept through winter, according to fossil experts.(现在发现早期的人类也可能有过类似的经历。根据化石专家的说法，他们冬眠整个冬天都睡觉度过)”可推知，开头提到熊和蝙蝠是为了导入“冬眠”这一话题，即远古人类和这些动物的共性。故选B项。【13题详
48、解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Evidence from the bones found at one of the worlds most important fossil sites suggests that our primitive ancestors may have dealt with extreme cold hundreds of thousands of years ago by hibernating.(在世界上最重要的化石遗址之一发现的骨骼证据表明，我们的原始祖先可能通过冬眠来应对数十万年前的极端寒冷)”及第三段“The conclusion is based on e
49、xcavations in a cave called Sima de los Hueso(这一结论是基于对一个名为Sima de los Hueso的洞穴的挖掘)”可知，Sima洞穴人可能通过冬眠来抵御寒冷。故选C项。【14题详解】短语猜测题。根据第六段“Modern Inuit and Sami peoplealthough living in equally harsh, cold conditionsdo not hibernate. So why did the people in the Sima cave do it?”可知，现代因纽特人和萨米人虽然生活在同样恶劣、寒冷的条件下，
50、但并不冬眠。那么，Sima 洞穴人为什么会这么做呢？结合最后一段第一句“The answer, say Arsuaga and Bartsiokas, is that fatty fish and reindeer fat provide Inuit and Sami people with food during winter”可知，Arsuaga和Bartsiokas说，答案是，高脂肪的鱼和驯鹿脂肪在冬天为因纽特人和萨米人提供了食物，因此排除了他们冬眠的需要，由此可推断出划线短语所在句“so preclude the need for them to hibernate”意为“对于他们而言
51、，冬眠就没有必要了”，即划线词意为“冬眠是没有必要的”。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合第一段中“And now it turns out that early human beings may also have been at it. They hibernatedslept through winter, according to fossil experts.( 现在发现早期的人类也可能有过类似的经历。根据化石专家的说法，他们冬眠整个冬天都睡觉度过)”可知，本文介绍了一项考古专家的研究发现远古的人类可能真的通过冬眠来度过漫漫寒冬。因此标题应该选择A项“冬眠以度过冬
52、天”。故选 A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Many years ago I went on vacation for a week in Mexico. Arriving at the resort, I decided to try every activity it offered at least once, no matter what it was.It was a really enjoyable vacation, but one thing really surprised me
53、. _16_ If they couldnt be confident in an activity, they chose not to try it for fear of embarrassing themselves.I want to relate this to life because were here to get the most enjoyment out of life. When we do, life can truly be an adventure to enjoy. _17_ Life for them becomes something to fear, s
54、omething that theyre just not willing to try because of others comments, or because they are afraid to embarrass themselves._18_ When we feel it, we are less likely to try that new activity or to fully explore our world. We start to get the idea of staying in our lanes and sticking with what were be
55、st at. _19_Think of life in this way：Life is like a weeks vacation at a resort. And there are thousands of things we can try, metaphorically（隐喻地）living on Earth. _20_ It can be hard, but if we are able to overcome our fear, we may discover that we are at a resort of a lifetime and its called life on
56、 Planet Earth.A. Therere some things people are rather good at, but others that theyre not.B. Many people participated in only one or two activities in the whole vacation.C. However, that isnt true for many people.D. Life is an awkward experience to everyone.E. The disapproval of others can have a l
57、ot of power over us.F. Life really is a beautiful adventure if we are willing to try new things.G. We never allow ourselves to be seen as not skilled at the things we do.【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. G 20. F【解析】【分析】本文是议论文。作者通过自己的一场旅行经历告诉我们：别太在乎他人的评论和质疑；勇敢尝试新事物、欣然接受生活带给我们的新体验。16题详解】结合上文“It was a really e
58、njoyable vacation, but one thing really surprised me.（这是一个非常愉快的假期，但有一件事让我非常惊讶）”可推断，下文将会解释或说明这种让作者感到惊讶的事；结合下文“If they couldnt be confident in an activity, they chose not to try it for fear of embarrassing themselves.（如果他们对某项活动没有信心，他们会选择不去尝试，以免让自己难堪）”中的代词“they”可知，设空处有表示“他们”的表达方式；选项B“Many people partic
59、ipated in only one or two activities in the whole vacation.（许多人在整个假期里只参加了一两项活动）”解释了这一让作者惊讶的事情的具体内容，且句中的“Many people”与下文的“they”相对应。故选 B选项。【17题详解】根据上文“I want to relate this to life because were here to get the most enjoyment out of life. When we do, life can truly be an adventure to enjoy.（我想把这和生活联系起来
60、，因为我们在这里是为了从生活中获得最大的乐趣。当我们这样做的时候，生活真的可以成为一场可以享受的冒险）”，以及下文“Life for them becomes something to fear, something that theyre just not willing to try because of others comments, or because they are afraid to embarrass themselves.（对他们来说，生活变成了一种恐惧，一种因为别人的评论而不愿尝试的东西，或者因为他们害怕让自己难堪）”可知，上下文在语意上形成了转折，所以设空处需要承上启
61、下的内容；选项C“However, that isnt true for many people.（然而，这对很多人来说都不是真的）”中，“however”与上文构成转折，代词“that”指代上文的“life can truly be an adventure to enjoy.”，“many people”与下文的代词“them”对应。故选 C选项。【18题详解】根据下文“When we feel it, we are less likely to try that new activity or to fully explore our world.（当我们感觉到它的时候，我们就不太可能去
62、尝试新的活动或者完全探索我们的世界）”可知，本段讲述了某个事物给我们带来的影响。选项E意为“别人的不赞成对我们有很大的影响”与下文意思一致，其中“disapproval of others”与下文的代词“it”相对应；可知选项E符合此处语境。故选E选项。【19题详解】根据上文“When we feel it, we are less likely to try that new activity or to fully explore our world. We start to get the idea of staying in our lanes and sticking with wh
63、at were best at.（当我们感觉到它的时候，我们就不太可能去尝试新的活动或者完全探索我们的世界。我们开始有了留在自己车道上坚持自己最擅长的东西的想法）”可知，此处提到别人的质疑给我们带来的影响：想要呆在舒适区坚持做我们最擅长的事情；选项G 意为“我们从不允许自己被视为对我们所做的事情不熟练。”，给出了“我们想要待在舒适区”的原因，承接上文，且“skilled at”与上文的“best at”对应。故选 G选项。【20题详解】根据上文“Life is like a weeks vacation at a resort. And there are thousands of thing
64、s we can try, metaphorically（隐喻地）living on Earth.（生活就像在度假胜地度过的一周假期。我们可以尝试成千上万的事情，就好像我们生活在地球上）”，以及下文“It can be hard, but if we are able to overcome our fear, we may discover that we are at a resort of a lifetime and its called life on Planet Earth.（这可能很难，但如果我们能够克服恐惧，我们可能会发现我们正处在一辈子的度假胜地，这就是地球上的生活）”可知
65、，上下文中间缺少一个承上启下的过渡句；选项 F“Life really is a beautiful adventure if we are willing to try new things.（如果我们愿意尝试新事物，生活真的是一场美丽的冒险）”符合此处语境，且“try new things”与下文的代词“It”相对应。故选 F选项。第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Three years ago, Jay Ko, a professor at
66、the University of Illinois, received a call from an old man. The_21_said his dog had just been _22_ by a truck and killed. The extremely _23_ man had a simple but_24_question: Would it possible to clone his beloved pet? As an expert in genetics and cloning for over twenty years, Ko gave a _25_ answe
67、r:Yes!Naturally, there is a(n) _26_ cloning requires cells containing enough intact (完好无缺的)DNA, as everybody knows. But animal tissue begins to degrade (降解)soon after _27_. Ko knew that they had to act_28_if they were going to _29_ the animals genetic material. He and two of his students_30_a van an
68、d drove to the mans home where they took what was needed from the recently killed _31_Back in the lab, they _32_ some of the cells from their samples. Theoretically they now had the material to_33_a genetic copy of the dead dog. _34_ , of course, things were about to get a lot more _35_.Today there
69、are some commercial companies committed to cloning pets for their owners for a _36_ . One of them, Via Gen in America _37_$50,000.Finally the _38_ suptuagenarian (七旬老者)didnt end up cloning his pet. It was the price that _39_ the old man. For now his dogs cells are still in a _40_, unused but in theo
70、ry still usable, should he change his mind.21. A. callerB. driverC. researcherD. acquaintance22. A. tornB. touchedC. struckD. moved23. A. astonishedB. calmC. ignorantD. upset24. A. puzzlingB. commonC. urgentD. moral25. A. tentativeB. definiteC. randomD. cautious26. A. assumptionB. drawbackC. techniq
71、ueD. condition27. A. infectionB. collisionC. injuryD. death28. A. skillfullyB. quicklyC. reasonablyD. abruptly29. A. preserveB. findC. selectD. seek30. A. answered forB. crashed intoC. piled intoD. searched for31. A. bodyB. puppyC. cellD. tissue32. A. culturedB. documentedC. investigatedD. transplan
72、ted33. A. distributeB. disposeC. castD. create34. A. In practiceB. On averageC. On occasionD. In general35. A. typicalB. controversialC. complicatedD. familiar36. A. comfortB. priceC. acknowledgementD. donation37. A. chargesB. depositsC. spendsD. earns38. A. angryB. considerateC. faithfulD. sorrowfu
73、l39. A. offendedB. disgustedC. frustratedD. annoyed40. A. chestB. freezerC. safeD. tube【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。一位七旬老人希望科学家们能够帮助他克隆已故爱犬，然而高昂的费用让他最终未能如愿。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：打电话的人说他的狗刚刚被一辆
74、卡车撞死了。A. caller打电话的人；B. driver司机；C. researcher研究人员；D. acquaintance熟人。根据“Three years ago, Jay Ko, a professor at the University of Illinois, received a call from an old man.”可知，打电话的人告诉老人他的狗被撞死。故选 A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：打电话的人说他的狗刚刚被一辆卡车撞死了。A. torn撕裂；B. touched触摸；C. struck撞击；D. moved移动。根据“by a truck and
75、killed.”可知，老人的狗被撞死。故选 C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个心烦意乱的人有一个简单而紧急的问题：克隆他心爱的宠物有可能吗?A. astonished惊讶的；B. calm平静的；C. ignorant无知的；D. upset难过的。根据“The_1_said his dog had just been _2_ by a truck and killed.”可知，老人的狗被撞死，所以极其难过。故选 D。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个心烦意乱的人有一个简单而紧急的问题：克隆他心爱的宠物有可能吗?A. puzzling迷惑的；B. common普遍的；C
76、. urgent紧迫的；D. moral道德的。根据“Would it possible to clone his beloved pet?”可知，能否克隆心爱的宠物对于老人来说是一个很紧迫的问题。故选 C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名从事遗传学和克隆研究二十多年的专家，Ko给出了一个明确的回答：可以!A. tentative不确定的；B. definite肯定的；C. random随意的；D. cautious小心的。根据“As an expert in genetics and cloning for over twenty years,”及下文可知，遗传学和克隆的专家
77、Ko 给出了肯定的回答。故选 B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自然地，有一个条件正如大家所知，克隆需要细胞含有足够的完整DNA。 A. assumption假设；B. drawback缺点；C. technique技术；D. condition条件。根据“cloning requires cells containing enough intact （完好无缺的）DNA”可知，这是克隆需要的条件。故选 D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但动物组织在死后不久就开始降解。A. infection感染；B. collision碰撞；C. injury损伤；D. death死亡。根据
78、“But animal tissue begins to degrade (降解)soon”及常识可知，在动物死后不久，其组织就开始降解。故选 D。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ko知道，如果他们想保存这种动物的遗传物质，就必须迅速采取行动。A. skillfully熟练地；B. quickly迅速地；C. reasonably合理地；D. abruptly突然地。根据“If they were going to _9_ the animals genetic material.”可知，要保存动物的基因物质，他们就必须迅速采取行动。故选 B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ko知
79、道，如果他们想保存这种动物的遗传物质，就必须迅速采取行动。 A. preserve保存；B. find找到；C. select挑选；D. seek寻找。根据“But animal tissue begins to degrade (降解)soon after _7_”可知，为了防止动物组织死后降解，所以要保存其遗传物质。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：和他的两个学生挤进一辆面包车，驶往这名男子的家，从这只刚被撞死的小狗身上取走了需要的东西。A. answered for为付出代价；B. crashed into撞上；C. piled into挤进；D. searched fo
80、r搜寻。根据“and drove to the mans home”可知，专家和他的两名学生挤进一辆面包车开到这位老人的家。故选 C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和他的两个学生挤进一辆面包车，驶往这名男子的家，从这只刚被撞死的小狗身上取走了需要的东西。A. body身体；B. puppy小狗；C. cell细胞；D. tissue组织。根据“The_1_said his dog had just been _2_ by a truck and killed.”可知，从刚死亡的小狗身上取走所需要的东西。故选 B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到实验室，他们培养了样本中的一些
81、细胞。A. cultured培养；B. documented记录；C. investigated调查；D. transplanted移植。根据“Theoretically they now had the material to_13_a genetic copy of the dead dog.”可知，专家回到实验室后从样本中培养了一些细胞进行培养。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从理论上讲，他们现在有了制造死狗基因副本的材料。A. distribute分配；B. dispose处置；C. cast铸造；D. create创造。根据“Theoretically they now
82、 had the material”可知，他们现在有了创造（克隆）那只狗的基因材料。故选D。【34题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：当然，在实践中，事情会变得更加复杂。A. In practice事实上；在实践中；B. On average平均而言；C. On occasion偶尔；D. In general总体而言。根据“Theoretically they now had the material”可知，这只是理论上的，事实上情况将会变得更复杂。故选A。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，在实践中，事情会变得更加复杂。A. typical典型的；B. controversial
83、有争议的；C. complicated复杂的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据下文可知，实际上事情很复杂。故选C。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，有一些商业公司致力于为他们的主人克隆宠物，并收取一定的费用。 A. comfort安慰；B. price价格；C. acknowledgement承认；感谢；D. donation捐赠。根据“One of them, Via Gen in America _17_$50,000.”和“It was the price that _19_ the old man.”可知，有一些商业公司致力于明码实价地为主人克隆宠物。故选B。【37题详解】
84、考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一家是美国的Via Gen，收费5万美元。A. charges收费、要价；B. deposits储存；C. spends花费； D. earns赚得。根据“Today there are some commercial companies committed to cloning pets for their owners for a _16_ .”可知，这些公司都是商业性质，故此处指美国的 Via Gen 公司收费 50,000 美元。故选A。【38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，这位悲伤的老人最终没有克隆他的宠物。 A. angry生气的；B. cons
85、iderate体贴的；C. faithful忠诚的；D. sorrowful悲伤的。根据“suptuagenarian (七旬老者)didnt end up cloning his pet.”可知，老人没能克隆他的宠物，所以很悲伤。故选D。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：正是这个价格让这位老人感到沮丧。A. offended冒犯；B. disgusted使恶心 ；C. frustrated使沮丧；D. annoyed使生气。根据“Finally the _18_ suptuagenarian (七旬老者)didnt end up cloning his pet.”可知，过高的价格让这位老
86、人感到沮丧。故选C。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前，他的狗的细胞还在冰箱里，不用，但理论上仍然可用，如果他改变主意。A. chest（木制）箱子；B. freezer冷冻机；C. safe保险箱；D. tube管子。根据“unused but in theory still usable, should he change his mind.”可知，老人的爱犬的细胞还存放在冷冻机里尚未使用。故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Take good care of yourself, my darlin
87、g, not just for your own sake, but for mine also, wrote _41_ unknown serviceman stationed in the Waziristan region.The letter is one of the 717 that were never delivered by the ship, the SS Gairsoppa, which _42_(destroy) off the coast of Ireland by a German U-boat on February 16th, 1941. Of the 86 c
88、rew members _43_ board, only one survived.With a _44_( hand) of the more complete letters displayed in an exhibition at the Postal Museum in London in 2018, the museum has been working on the more damaged letters intending _45_(expose ) wartime lives.Two other letters are from a father to his childr
89、en in Torquay, _46_ the museum believes they may have escaped. The father wrote, “Mummy will send you back to Wycombe sooner or later. Meanwhile we all have to make the _47_( good ) of things as they are: the war has upset most peoples dreams and _48_ ( mode ) of living including mine!”“It feels som
90、ewhat mournful and appropriate to unite these letters on the _49_（eighty）anniversary of the ships sinking, said conservator Jackie Coppen. It is inevitable that while _50_ （piece） the letters together I have come to form a close relationship with them.”【答案】41. an 42. was destroyed 43. on 44. handful
91、 45. to expose 46. where 47. best 48. modes 49. eightieth 50. piecing【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了通过修复因二战沉船而损坏的信件，我们了解到了那些尘封的往事。【41题详解】考查冠词。句意：“照顾好你自己，亲爱的，不仅仅是为了你自己，也是为了我，”一位不知名的驻扎在瓦济里斯坦地区的军人写道。泛指“一位不知名的驻扎在瓦济里斯坦地区的军人” ， 且unknown是以元音音素开头的词，用不定冠词an，所以填an。【42题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：1941年2月16日，Gairsoppa号在爱尔兰海岸被一艘德国潜艇击毁
92、，这封信是717封信中的一封。分析句子结构，which _2_(destroy) off the coast of Ireland by a German U-boat on February 16th, 1941.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the SS Gairsoppa，关系词替代先行词，在从句中作主语，“the SS Gairsoppa”和“destroy”之间是被动关系，用被动语态；且描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语the SS Gairsoppa是单数，谓语动词用单数，所以填was destroyed。【43题详解】考查固定短语。句意：船上86名机组人员中，只有一人幸存。on
93、 board 在船（火车、飞机）上，该短语是固定短语，所以填on。【44题详解】考查固定短语。句意：2018年，在伦敦邮政博物馆的一次展览中展出了一小部分更完整的信件，博物馆一直在研究破损程度更大的信件，旨在揭露战时生活。a handful of 一小部分，该短语是固定短语，所以填handful。【45题详解】考查固定用法。句意：2018年，在伦敦邮政博物馆的一次展览中展出了一些更完整的信件，博物馆一直在研究破损程度更大的信件，旨在揭露战时生活。intend to do sth. 想要做某事，该用法是固定用法，所以填to expose。【46题详解】考查定语从句。句意：另外两封信是一位父亲写给
94、他在托基的孩子们的，博物馆认为他们可能已经逃到了托基。 _6_ the museum believes they may have escaped. 是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Torquay，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导该从句，所以填where。【47题详解】考查固定短语。句意：与此同时，我们所有人都必须尽量做到最好:战争打乱了大多数人的梦想和生活方式，包括我的! make the best of充分利用，该短语是固定短语，所以填best。【48题详解】考查名词。句意：与此同时，我们所有人都必须尽量做到最好:战争打乱了大多数人的梦想和生活方式，包括我的! 该空作h
95、as upset的宾语，用名词，根据“peoples dreams”可知这里用名词复数，所以填modes。【49题详解】考查序数词。句意：管理员杰基科本说:“在这艘船沉没80周年之际把这些信件聚在一起，让人感到有些悲伤，这是非常合适的。”这里表示“80周年”，用序数词，所以填eightieth。【50题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在拼凑这些信件的过程中，我不可避免地与它们形成了一种亲密的关系。 while 10 （piece） the letters together为时间状语，“piece”与其逻辑主语“I”为主动关系，用现在分词，所以填 piecing。第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
96、 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ）划掉。修改：在错的词下画-横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第处起）不计分。The zheng (筝)，a traditional Chinese musical instrument, already has a histo
97、ry of 2,000 years. But we also call “Guzheng”. As a widespread instrument, it enjoyed an unmatching popularity in the Qin Dynasty. The guzheng has strings varied from 6 to 23. That is the most commonly used is the 21-string guzheng. However, some musicians still used the 16-string guzheng now, main
98、in the coastal provinces of China.The sounds from the guzheng create a sense of harmonious and peace, relieving of stress. Now the guzheng together with many popular elements bring a fantastic feeling.【答案】1. ButSo2. 在call后面加it3. unmatchingunmatched4. variedvarying5. ThatWhat6. useduse7. mainmainly8.
99、 harmoniousharmony9. 去掉relieving后的of10. bringbrings【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古筝的历史、特点及作用。【详解】1. 考查并列连词。句意：所以我们也称它为古筝。根据前文“The zheng (筝)，a traditional Chinese musical instrument, already has a history of 2,000 years. ”可知，筝有着两千年的历史，与我们称呼其为古筝是因果关系。故将But改为So。2. 考查代词。句意：所以我们也称它为古筝。call是及物动词，“称某物为”应表达为call s
100、th.；根据前文“The zheng (筝)，a traditional Chinese musical instrument, already has a history of 2,000 years. ”可知，被我们称为古筝的是前面提到过的筝，应用it代替。故在call后面加it。3. 考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：作为一种广泛使用的乐器，它在秦朝享有无与伦比的喜爱。分析句子成分可知，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，与修饰名词popularity之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词形式。故将unmatching改为unmatched。4. 考查现在分词作定语。句意：古筝的弦从6弦到23弦不等。分析句子
101、成分可知，vary是非谓语动词，与被修饰名词strings之间是主动关系，所以要用现在分词形式。故将varied 改为varying。5. 考查主语从句的引导词。句意：最常用的是21弦古筝。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，.is the most commonly used是主语从句；从句缺少主语，所以要用连接代词，此处指物，所以要用what。故将That改为What。6. 考查时态。句意：然而，一些音乐家现在仍然使用16弦古筝，主要在中国的沿海省份。根据时间状语now可知，此处描述的是现在的一般情况，所以要用一般现在时；主语musicians是复数，谓语动词用原形。故将used改为use。7.
102、考查副词。句意：然而，一些音乐家现在仍然使用16弦古筝，主要在中国的沿海省份。根据句意可知，此处需要用副词修饰介词短语in the coastal provinces of China.。故将main改为mainly。8. 考查名词。句意：古筝的声音创造了一种和谐和平静的感觉，缓解了压力。分析句子成分可知，介词of后的成分充当宾语，要用名词形式。故将harmonious改为harmony。9. 考查及物动词。句意：古筝的声音创造了一种和谐和平静的感觉，缓解了压力。relieve是及物动词，后面直接加宾语。故将relieving后的of删除。10. 考查主谓一致。句意：现在的古筝和许多流行的元素
103、一起带来了一种奇妙的感觉。根据句意可知，此处描述的是现在的客观事实，所以要用一般现在时；分析句子成分可知，句子主语the guzheng是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词bring要用三单形式brings。故将bring改为brings。【点睛】第二节 书面表达（满分25分）52. 假设你是李华，你在本市的外国朋友Chris打算周末去参观当地的历史博物馆，向你咨询相关情况。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：1.博物馆的位置；2.交通路线；3.注意事项。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：健康绿码health QR code Dear Chris,_Yours sinc
104、erely, Li Hua【答案】Dear Chris,Learning that youre going to visit the history museum this weekend, Im writing to give the information youre eager to know.Located in the north of the city, the museum is around 10 kilometers away and opens every day from 9:00 to 16:30, except Monday. Shuttle bus No.5, wh
105、ich runs every five minutes, will take you there from your school gate. Early ticket booking is recommended. Dont forget to take your passport, wear a mask and get the health QR code ready. Cameras are forbidden in the museum. The exquisite cultural relics of the Tang Dynasty displayed will not only
106、 be a feast for your eyes, but will also give you a better understanding of Chinese culture. Im sure you will find it worthwhile and have a good time. Yours sincerely, Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外国朋友Chris回封邮件，介绍当地的历史博物馆的相关情况。【详解】1.词汇积累给予：offergive信息：detailinformation值得的：worthyworthwhile玩的开心：enjo
107、y oneself = have a good time2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Located in the north of the city, the museum is around 10 kilometers away and opens every day from 9:00 to 16:30, except Monday.拓展句：The museum which is located in the north of the city is around 10 kilometers away and opens every day from 9:00 to 16:30, except Monday.【点睛】高分句型1 Learning that youre going to visit the history museum this weekend, Im writing to give the information youre eager to know. (运用了that引导宾语从句)高分句型2 Shuttle bus No.5, which runs every five minutes, will take you there from your school gate. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
