1、北京市顺义区2020届高三英语二模试题（含解析）第一部分知识运用(共两节，45分)第一节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适 当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Alexander Fleming was born _1_ August 6, 1881, on a farm near Darvel, Scotland. When he was twenty, Fleming took an entrance examination for medical school, and score
2、d the highest of all candidates in the UK. Offered his choices of schools, Fleming chose the one at St Marys Hospital in London. In the fall of 1928, the penicillin _2_( discover) by Fleming, _3_ received the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945 because the penicillin saved lives of thousands of the wou
3、nded soldiers during World War II.【答案】1. on 2. was discovered 3. who【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Alexander Fleming的出生情况和教育背景，以及他发现的青霉素在第二次世界大战期间，青霉素挽救了成千上万名受伤士兵生命的事情。【1题详解】考查介词。句意：Alexander Fleming于1881年8月6日出生在苏格兰达维尔附近的一个农场里。根据后文August 6, 1881可知表示在具体的某一天应用介词on。故填on。【2题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：1928年秋，Fleming发现了青霉素。1945年，F
4、leming获得了诺贝尔医学奖，因为在第二次世界大战期间，青霉素挽救了成千上万名受伤士兵的生命。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据上文In the fall of 1928可知应用一般过去时，主语为the penicillin，谓语动词用单数。故填was discovered。【3题详解】考查定语从句。句意：1928年秋，Fleming发现了青霉素。1945年，Fleming获得了诺贝尔医学奖，因为在第二次世界大战期间，青霉素挽救了成千上万名受伤士兵的生命。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Fleming，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故用关系代词who。故填who。B阅读下列短文，根据短
5、文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适 当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。One day, I got stuck in the subway. It was about nine oclock in the morning. The train was leaving a station when it started to slow down and then came to a stop. After five minutes of waiting, some passengers werent _4_ (patience) any more. After
6、 twenty minutes, most of them were looking annoyed. Half an hour passed, I was still trapped there, _5_ ( wonder) if I was going to stay there for the rest of the day. But just then the train began to move _6_( slow). A cheer went up, and people continued to talk excitedly as if nothing had happened
7、 at all.【答案】4. patient 5. wondering 6. slowly【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者记叙了自己和一些乘客某天被困在地铁里的事情。【4题详解】考查形容词。句意：等了五分钟后，一些乘客再也没有耐心了。根据上文werent可知应填形容词作表语，表示“耐心的”。故填patient。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：半个小时过去了，我仍然被困在那里，不知道我是否会在那里度过剩下的一天。分析句子结构可知wonder在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语I构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填wondering。【6题详解】考查副词。句意：但就在这时，火车开始缓慢地移动。修饰动词move
8、应用副词slowly，表示“缓慢地”。故填slowly。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适 当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just _7_(find) shelter from a sudden shower. Whateve
9、r the reason, once you come inside, in most cases you may find _8_ difficult to step outside. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive cover is irresistible(难以抗拒的). You soon become absorbed in _9_ you read, and usually you will suddenly realize you _10_(stay) there for much time since you cam
10、e in and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment-without buying a book, of course.【答案】7. to find 8. it 9. what 10. have stayed【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了无论你是一个爱书的人，还是仅仅为了买一本书作为礼物，在书店里度过的时光都是最令人愉快的。人们一旦走近书店，会发现很难走出来，而且总是会忘了时间。7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你甚至可能只是为了躲避突如其来的阵雨而走进商店。分析句子结构可知find在句中作非谓语动词，且表目的应用不定
11、式。故填to find。【8题详解】考查代词。句意：不管原因是什么，一旦你走进来了，在大多数情况下，你会发现很难走出去。find后跟it做形式宾语，构成短语find it difficult to表示“发现很难”。故填it。【9题详解】考查连接词。句意：你很快就会被所读的内容所吸引，通常你会突然意识到，自从你进来之后，你已经在那里待了很长时间，必须赶紧去保留一些被遗忘的约会当然，不需要买一本书。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物应用what引导。故填what。【10题详解】考查动词时态。句意：你很快就会被所读的内容所吸引，通常你会突然意识到，自从你进来之后，你已经在那里待了很长时间，必须
12、赶紧去保留一些被遗忘的约会当然，不需要买一本书。根据后文since you came in可知应用现在完成时，且主语为you，助动词用have。故填have stayed。【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句；二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）；三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。如第三小题，句意：你很快就会被所读的内容所吸引，通常你会突然意识到，自从你进来之后，你已经在那里待了很长时间，必须赶紧去保留
13、一些被遗忘的约会当然，不需要买一本书。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物应用what引导。故填what。第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Birthdays are important and for me there is often a surprise from my father. I can never guess what is waiting for me.On my birthday, I would be crying whenever some
14、one phoned me to _11_because all I wanted was for them to be with me and _12_ me a hug.On the 22nd of April, my 14th birthday, I woke up feeling _13_ I was at home alone in Switzerland. My father was _14_ for work. I was preparing myself for a day full of sadness when I _15_ a text message from my f
15、ather. He said “Happy birthday J My dearest! Go into my room now.” I went inside. What _16_me was that there was a note on top of some new _17_ for me, saying “Get dressed, and come out.” I was so excited. It took me only 2 minutes to _18_ all of them and run out of my house.My father was _19_ for m
16、e in the car. He was just smiling and didnt tell me where we were going, only that it would take about half an hour to get there. After a short and pleasant trip, we _20_ in front of an amusement park. A lot of people with the parks mascot (吉祥物) called Euromaus were welcoming us at the 21_21_ We bou
17、ght tickets and stepped in. Everything was shiny and exciting and there were a lot of people with their children. The park was _22_ into sixteen areas and they were all _23_after European countries or cities, such as France, Paris, Greece. But the dominating things in the park were rollercoasters(过山
18、车) _24_ all around the park, and high above it. I was _25_ but still decided to go on a ride, just to _26_ challenges. Then I went to the main rollercoaster, the longest and the scariest one _27_. It had a highest point of 73 meters. The first part of the ride was slow, so I could see the whole _28_
19、 of the park. People looked so small from above but everything in my eyes was beautiful. My heart _29_ so hard, and I couldnt stop cheering and laughing.It was the most _30_ day of my life with my father not because the rollercoaster but the love from my father.11. A. announceB. informC. inviteD. co
20、ngratulate12. A. sellB. giveC. buyD. pay13. A. worriedB. confusedC. depressedD. amazed14. A. nearbyB. awayC. aheadD. around15. A. receivedB. acceptedC. postedD. offered16. A. encouragedB. changedC. surprisedD. amused17. A. magazinesB. clothesC. booksD. toys18. A. put onB. try onC. give awayD. sell o
21、ut19. A. preparingB. lookingC. applyingD. waiting20. A. joinedB. succeededC. arrivedD. resulted21. A. hotelB. entranceC. officeD. shop22. A. dividedB. turnedC. knockedD. broken23 A. builtB. namedC. decoratedD. followed24. A. drawnB. grownC. spreadD. lost25. A. amusedB. disappointedC. satisfiedD. fri
22、ghtened26. A. avoidB. checkC. watchD. face27. A. directlyB. easilyC. effectivelyD. simply28. A. bridgesB. transportC. sceneryD. routes29. A. jumpedB. tappedC. hurtD. beat30. A. unforgettableB. unacceptableC. unbelievableD. uncomfortable【答案】11. D 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. C
23、21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者的父亲带作者去游乐园度过了作者14岁生日，作者去公园坐了过山车，觉得这是一生中最难忘的一天。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我生日那天，每当有人打电话祝贺我时，我就会哭，因为我想要的只是他们能和我在一起，给我一个拥抱。A. announce宣布；B. inform通知；C. invite邀请；D. congratulate恭喜。结合上那位On my birthday可知是在作者生日当天打电话祝贺作者生日快乐。故选D。【12题详解】考
24、查动词词义辨析。句意：在我生日那天，每当有人打电话祝贺我时，我就会哭，因为我想要的只是他们能和我在一起，给我一个拥抱。A. sell出售；B. give给予；C. buy购买；D. pay支付。根据后文me a hug可知作者想要的只是他们能给予作者一个拥抱。故选B。【13题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：4月22日，我14岁生日那天，我醒来时感到很沮丧，因为我独自一人呆在瑞士的家里。A. worried担心的；B. confused困惑的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. amazed惊讶的。根据后文I was at home alone in Switzerland.可知作者因为生日当
25、天家里只有自己一个人感到沮丧。故选C。【14题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我父亲外出工作去了。A. nearby在附近；B. away离去；C. ahead朝前地；D. around周围。承接上文I was at home alone in Switzerland.可知作者的父亲外出工作了。故选B。【15题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我收到父亲的短信时，我正准备迎接充满悲伤的一天。A. received收到；B. accepted接受；C. posted张贴；D. offered提议。结合后文a text message可知是收到了父亲的短信，指客观接收到应用receive，accept
26、强调内心感受“接纳”。故选A。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我惊讶的是，我的新衣服上有一张纸条，上面写着:“穿好衣服，出来吧。”A. encouraged鼓励；B. changed改变；C. surprised使惊讶；D. amused逗笑。根据第一段中a surprise from my father可知作者夫亲给作者准备了一个惊喜，因此留下了纸条，这让作者感到很惊讶。故选C。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我惊讶的是，我的新衣服上有一张纸条，上面写着:“穿好衣服，出来吧。”A. magazines杂志；B. clothes衣服；C. books书本；D. toys玩具。根
27、据后文Get dressed可知是指衣服。故选B。【18题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我只花了两分钟就把它们全部穿上，然后跑出了我的房子。A. put on穿上；B. try on试验；C. give away赠送；D. sell out卖完。结合上文Get dressed可知作者穿上了新衣服。故选A。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我父亲在车里等我。A. preparing准备；B. looking看着；C. applying申请；D. waiting等待。根据后文for me in the car.可知作者的父亲在车里等着作者。wait for“等待”。故选D。20题详解】考查动词
28、词义辨析。句意：经过短暂而愉快的旅行，我们到达了一个游乐园的前面。A. joined加入；B. succeeded成功；C. arrived到达；D. resulted致使。根据后文in front of an amusement park可知作者和父亲来到了游乐园。故选C。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人带着公园的吉祥物Euromaus在21号入口欢迎我们。A. hotel宾馆；B. entrance入口；C. office办公室；D. shop商店。上文提到了作者他们来到了游乐园门口，那么此处应指的是许多人在游乐园入口欢迎作者他们。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：
29、公园被划分为16个区域，它们都以欧洲国家或城市的名字命名，如法国、巴黎、希腊。A. divided分开；B. turned转弯；C. knocked敲击；D. broken打破。根据后文into sixteen areas可知公园被划分为16个区域。短语divide into“把分成”。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：公园被划分为16个区域，它们都以欧洲国家或城市的名字命名，如法国、巴黎、希腊。A. built修建；B. named命名；C. decorated装饰；D. followed跟随。根据后文such as France, Paris, Greece可知这16个区域是以
30、欧洲国家或城市的名字命名的。短语name after“以命名”。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是公园里最主要的东西是遍布公园的过山车，而且在公园的高处。A. drawn画；B. grown生长；C. spread散布，传播；D. lost失去。根据后文all around the park可知公园遍布过山车。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很害怕，但还是决定去乘坐，去面对挑战。A. amused有趣的；B. disappointed失望的；C. satisfied满意的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文but still decided to go
31、 on a ride可知虽然作者很害怕但是还是决定去乘坐过山车，but表示转折。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很害怕，但还是决定去乘坐，去面对挑战。A. avoid避免；B. check检查；C. watch观看；D. face面对。承接上文作者害怕坐过山车，但是还是决定去尝试，去面对挑战。故选D。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后我直接去了主过山车，最长、最可怕的一个。A. directly直接地；B. easily容易地；C. effectively有效地；D. simply简单地。根据上文the longest and the scariest one可知作者直
32、接去坐了主过山车。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一部分行驶得很慢，所以我可以看到整个公园的景色。A. bridges桥梁；B. transport运输；C. scenery景色；D. routes路线。结合后文People looked so small from above but everything in my eyes was beautiful.可知可以看到整个公园的景色。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心跳得很厉害，我无法停止欢呼和大笑。A. jumped跳跃；B. tapped发掘；C. hurt伤害；D. beat击打，打败。结合后文so h
33、ard可知作者的心跳得很厉害。故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我一生中最难忘的一天，不是因为过山车，而是来自父亲的爱。A. unforgettable难忘的；B. unacceptable不能接受的；C. unbelievable难以置信的；D. uncomfortable不舒服的。父亲带作者去游乐园度过了生日，作者觉得这是最难忘的一天了。其它选项不符合语境。故选A。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ANew Years Eve Foods
34、for Good LuckNew Years Eve is a festival time celebrated around the world with friends, family, fireworks and foods. Do you have any New Years Eve food traditions? Read through the foods below to figure out the best New Years Eve foods.GreensGreens are a late crop mostly grown in the south, so theyr
35、e easy to find in the colder months. They are go-to New Years Eve foods because they look like money.CornbreadMix and match a few different New Years Eve food traditions with black-eyed peas, greens, and cornbread to make a fortune. As the Southern saying goes, “ peas for pennies, greens for dollars
36、, and cornbread for gold. ”SobaIn Japan, soba is the traditional New Years food of choice. The length of the soba noodles is said to symbolize a long life. Part of the tradition is eating the whole noodle since the luck runs out if you break or chew the noodle.GrapesMake sure to add grapes to your N
37、ew Years food. On New Years Eve, the Spanish eats a grape for each strike of midnight, with each representing a page of the calendar ahead. If one is bitter, watch out for that month!PorkPigs are a lucky New Year5s Eve food because they move forward when they eat. They are also rotund (圆胖的),symboliz
38、ing a fat wallet ahead. And the meat itself is fattier than other cuts of meat, making this New Years Eve food both tasty and a symbol of richness.CakeRing-shaped cakes are a symbol of coming full circle, making them a perfect New Years food. This tradition roots in the Greeks who make a traditional
39、 Vasilopita with a hidden coin baked inside. If you get the piece with the coin, youll have good luck for a year.FishFish are believed to be a lucky New Years Eve food because their scales look like coins, and they swim in groups, which relates to the idea of abundance. Plus, fish swim forward, whic
40、h represents progress.So, try some of these dishes for your next New Years Eve party to bring luck to all your guests and yourself.31. Which of the New Years Eve foods has nothing to do with wealth?A. Fish.B. Grapes.C. Pork.D. Cornbread.32. Japanese consider the length of soba noodles as a symbol of
41、 _.A. richnessB. progressC. a long lifeD. coming full circle33. In Greek, if one gets a piece of cake with a coin hidden inside, for a year, he or she will be _.A. richB. fortunateC. healthyD. fulfilling【答案】31. B 32. C 33. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些世界各地新年前夜吃些能带来好运的食物习俗。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据Grapes部分中On New Years
42、 Eve, the Spanish eats a grape for each strike of midnight, with each representing a page of the calendar ahead.可知在新年前夜，西班牙人每吃一颗葡萄代表午夜的每一击，每一击代表一页日历。由此可知，葡萄与财富无关。故选B。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中The length of the soba noodles is said to symbolize a long life.可知荞麦面的长度据说象征着长寿。由此可知，日本人认为荞麦面的长度象征着长寿。故选C。【33题详解】细节
43、理解题。根据倒数第二段中If you get the piece with the coin, youll have good luck for a year.可知如果你得到了那枚硬币，你就会有一年的好运气。由此可知，在希腊，如果一个人得到一块蛋糕，里面藏着一枚硬币，他或她这一年将是幸运的。故选B。BIn ReturnRecently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I started to feel sorry for myself and for him. His team was
44、facing adversity(不幸) on the court and he was playing in a bad environment-it was the opponents home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathans team was left behind for three quarters of the game. As for me, I had been fired earlier in the day. A career position I held for 14 years was the victim
45、of corporate restructuring(公司重组). I was prepared for it as I had experienced the same thing 14 years earlier, but, just like a punch in the mouth, the blow is never softened because you were expecting it.As I watched the adversity on the court that my son was experiencing, I recalled my earlier even
46、ts, packing up everything in a box and waving goodbye to a great group of colleagues with whom Id had the pleasure of working. Driving home, I kept telling myself, “I will find work again in a short time-I am confident in my experience and abilities.” It was a belief I repeated to myself during a tr
47、ying day and it was the same one that I tried to teach my son.The basketball game entered the fourth quarter. I saw the focus and determination on his face. There was no room for self-doubt. He fought back to go ahead by three points. After he made the basket, his team was able to hang on and stop t
48、he other team from scoring, and won the game. Nathans joy on his face, the cheering from the crowd, the silence on the other side of the gym-it was a moment that would make any parent proud.As I sat there, my heart bursting with pride, it dawned(领悟) on me that I had taught him determination in the f
49、ace of adversity, and he had just taught me the same lesson. That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court.34. What happened to the author 14 years earlier?A. He lost his job.B. He quitted his job.C. He worked in a bad en
50、vironment.D. He was prepared for a career position.35. In face of adversity, the author had taught his son the following beliefs EXCEPT_.A. confidenceB. focusC. self-doubtD. determination36. What is the authors purpose of writing paragraph 3?A. To criticize the unfriendly gym.B. To encourage himself
51、 to be confident.C. To amuse the readers with a funny sport event.D. To acknowledge Nathans focus and determination.37. What can we learn from this story?A. Success means getting personal desires satisfied.B. Little man can make a big difference.C. Fame is a great thirst of the young.D. You harvest
52、what you sow.【答案】34. A 35. C 36. D 37. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了刚遭遇失业的作者去看儿子打球，看到儿子同样面对逆境而感到难过，回想起了自己之前的经历。但是最后儿子用作者教导的面对逆境时的自信、专注和决心赢得了比赛，这也让作者意识到自己教会了儿子面对逆境的决心，而儿子也教会了自己同样的道理。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中As for me, I had been fired earlier in the day. A career position I held for 14 years was the victim of cor
53、porate restructuring. I was prepared for it as I had experienced the same thing 14 years earlier可知至于我，我今天早些时候被解雇了。我做了14年的职业是公司重组的牺牲品。我对此早有准备，就像14年前我经历过同样的事情一样由此可知，作者14年前失业了。故选A。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Driving home, I kept telling myself, “I will find work again in a short time-I am confident in my experi
54、ence and abilities.” It was a belief I repeated to myself during a trying day and it was the same one that I tried to teach my son.可知开车回家的路上，我不停地告诉自己:“我很快就会再找到工作的我对自己的经验和能力很有信心。”“这是我在艰难的日子里不断对自己重复的信念，也是我试图教给儿子的信念。”由此可知，作者教导他的儿子在逆境中要有自信；根据第三段中I saw the focus and determination on his face.可知我看到他脸上的专注和
55、决心。由此可知，作者教导他的儿子在逆境中要专注和有决心。只有C选项“自我怀疑”文章中没有提到。故选C。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中I saw the focus and determination on his face.可知我看到他脸上的专注和决心。以及第三段中Nathans joy on his face, the cheering from the crowd, the silence on the other side of the gym-it was a moment that would make any parent proud.可知Nathan脸上的喜悦，人群的欢呼
56、，体育馆另一边的寂静这是任何父母都会感到骄傲的时刻。由此可推知，作者写第三段的目的是承认Nathan的专注和决心。故选D。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中As I sat there, my heart bursting with pride, it dawned on me that I had taught him determination in the face of adversity, and he had just taught me the same lesson.可知当我坐在那里，我的心充满了骄傲，我意识到我教会了他面对逆境的决心，而他刚刚教会了我同样的道理。结合文章
57、主要记叙了刚遭遇失业的作者去看儿子打球，看到儿子同样面对逆境而感到难过，回想起了我之前的经历。但是最后儿子用作者教导的面对逆境时的自信、专注和决心赢得了比赛，这也让作者意识到自己教会了儿子面对逆境的决心，而他刚刚教会了自己同样的道理。由此可推知，D选项“一分耕耘，一分收获。”符合文章主旨。故选D。【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（
58、2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。如第一小题，属于语意理解型，根据第一段中As for me, I had been fired earlier in the day. A career position I held for 14 years was the victim of corporate restructuring. I was prepared for it as I had experienced the same thing 14 years earlier可知至于我，我今天早些时候被解雇了。我做了14年的职业是公司重组的牺牲品。我对此早有
59、准备，就像14年前我经历过同样的事情一样由此可知，作者14年前失业了。故选A。COn a windy day in early March, Fabiano Caruana decides to get away. He drives three hours west from his St. Louis apartment to a 2,000-acre field in the countryside of Missouri owned by a friend.At 7:30 the next morning, he heads out for an hour-long run with
60、his training partner, Cristian Chirila. As hes jogging, its easy to mistake him for a soccer player. He has a packed schedule for the day: a five-mile run, an hour of tennis, half an hour of basketball, and an hour of swimming.But Caruana is, in fact, an American grandmaster in chess, the number two
61、 player in the world. His training partner, Chirila? A Romanian grandmaster. And theyre doing it all to prepare for the physical demands of chess? Yes, chess.It seems to make no sense. How could two humans-seated for hours, with no greater manner than off and on extending their arms a foot at a time
62、-face physical demands?In October 2018, Polar, a U. S. based company that tracks heart rates, monitored chess players during a tournament and found that 21-year-old Russian grandmaster Mikhail Antipov had burned 560 calories in two hours-roughly what Roger Federer bums in an hour of tennis.Grandmast
63、ers in competition are subjected to constant stress. That causes their heart and breathing rates to increase, which forces their bodies to produce energy.Meanwhile, players eat less during tournaments, simply because they dont have the time or the appetite. Stress also leads to disturbed sleep patte
64、rns, which in turn cause more tiredness and can lead to more weight loss. A brain operating on less sleep, even just one hour, requires more energy to stay awake during the chess game.It all combines to produce an average weight loss of 2 pounds a day, or about 10 to 12 pounds over the course of a t
65、en-day tournament.To fight against the stress, some players have begun to adopt strict food and fitness methods to increase oxygen supply to the brain during tournaments, prevent sugar-related crashes, and sustain their energy. Physical fitness and brain performance are tied together, M Ashley says,
66、 a grandmaster and commentator(解说员).So back in Missouri, Caruana and Chirila hole up in the dining room for six hours of chess. Afterward, Caruana looks tired. Still, he grabs a handful of nuts and heads out for a final hour of tennis before dinner.After dinner, he passes on the chocolate pudding pi
67、e. “No dessert for me today”, he says. Last year, Caruana gave up alcohol before the world championship. This time, he has chosen sugar. In his mind, Caruana knows what he has to do: he just needs his body to hold up.38. What do we know about chess players?A. They eat dessert for energy during the c
68、ompetition.B. They all have physical training during the tournament.C. Disturbed sleep patterns are common among chess players.D. Playing chess is physically demanding for chess players.39. Which of the following words can best describe Fabiano Caruana?A. Clever and strong.B. Humorous and knowledgea
69、ble.C. Determined and ambitious.D. Straight and honest.40. Which is NOT a reason for the weight loss of chess players during a tournament?A. Having little appetite.B. B. Giving up alcohol.C. Sleeping worse.D. Competing under pressure.41. What is the best title for the passage?A. Train Like a MasterB
70、. A Day with a Packed ScheduleC. Physical Training Your ChoiceD. Get Tied Together【答案】38. D 39. C 40. B 41. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要以世界排名第二的象棋大师Fabiano Caruana为例，说明了下国际象棋对棋手的体力要求很高，因而象棋选手都要采取严格的饮食和健身方法。还分析了象棋选手在比赛期间体重下降的原因。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段In October 2018, Polar, a U. S. based company that tracks heart ra
71、tes, monitored chess players during a tournament and found that 21-year-old Russian grandmaster Mikhail Antipov had burned 560 calories in two hours-roughly what Roger Federer bums in an hour of tennis.可知2018年10月，总部位于美国的跟踪心率公司Polar在一场比赛中对棋手进行了监测，发现21岁的俄罗斯特级大师Mikhail Antipov在两小时内消耗了560卡路里的热量大致相当于Roge
72、r Federer在一小时网球比赛中消耗的热量。由此可知，下国际象棋对棋手的体力要求很高。故选D。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段So back in Missouri, Caruana and Chirila hole up in the dining room for six hours of chess. Afterward, Caruana looks tired. Still, he grabs a handful of nuts and heads out for a final hour of tennis before dinner.可知回到密苏里州，Caruana和C
73、hirila在餐厅里玩了六个小时的象棋。之后，卡鲁阿娜看起来很疲惫。不过，他还是抓了一把坚果，在晚饭前最后一个小时出去打网球。由此可知，Caruana是个很自律，有决心的人；根据最后一段中Last year, Caruana gave up alcohol before the world championship. In his mind, Caruana knows what he has to do: he just needs his body to hold up.可知去年，Caruana在世界锦标赛前戒酒了在他的脑海里，Caruana知道他必须要做什么：他只需要他的身体来支撑。由此
74、可推知，Fabiano Caruana是个有决心和雄心的人。故选C。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段Grandmasters in competition are subjected to constant stress. That causes their heart and breathing rates to increase, which forces their bodies to produce energy.可知特级大师在比赛中承受着持续的压力。这导致他们的心脏和呼吸频率增加，迫使他们的身体产生能量。以及第七段Meanwhile, players eat less durin
75、g tournaments, simply because they dont have the time or the appetite. Stress also leads to disturbed sleep patterns, which in turn cause more tiredness and can lead to more weight loss.可知与此同时，球员在比赛期间吃得更少，只是因为他们没有时间和胃口。压力还会导致睡眠模式紊乱，从而导致更疲劳，更容易减肥。由此可知，胃口不好、睡眠不好以及在比赛中承受着持续的压力是国际象棋选手在比赛期间体重下降的原因。只有B选项“
76、戒酒”不是国际象棋选手在比赛期间体重下降的原因。故选B。【41题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章主要以世界排名第二的象棋大师Fabiano Caruana为例，说明了下国际象棋对棋手的体力要求很高，因而象棋选手都要采取严格的饮食和健身方法。还分析了象棋选手在比赛期间体重下降的原因。由此可知，A选项“像大师一样训练”符合文章标题。故选A。DDo You Have Enough Time?Experiences are more likely than material goods to deliver happiness. But the fear of choosing to pursue the
77、wrong experience, and therefore wasting valuable time, is something many of us feel deeply.Theres something funny to this-we have more free time now but for a number of reasons, it doesnt feel that way.In his book Spending Time, Daniel Hamermesh explains that while our lifetimes have gotten a bit lo
78、nger-13% since 1960-our spending power has increased by 198%. “It makes it difficult to stuff all the things that we want and can now afford into our limited available time to purchase and to enjoy them over our lifetimes,” he writes.Next, theres our cell-phone addiction. American adults spend aroun
79、d 3. 5 hours on their devices each day, trying to keep up with the emails, social media updates and 24/7 news. And much of our time is “contaminated time”-when were doing one thing but thinking about something else. It makes us think were being productive, but really it just makes us feel more worn
80、out.Add to this the ever expanding options in todays experience economy. Think of all the pop-ups, plays, workshops and escape rooms you could go to tonight. No wonder many of us suffer from what psychologists call “time famine”. No wonder were seeing books about attaining more of our time and letti
81、ng go of cell phones, like Jenny Odells How to Do Nothing.Thereve been calls to control the attention economy, but the factors that make us feel time-poor arent going away anytime soon. Tech companies, for instance, may have built apps to tell you how much time you spend on your device, but their bu
82、siness models rely on your continued use.As for me, I have characterized experiences as rubbish food or superfood”. Rubbish? Spending too much time indoors on Facebook or TV, alone. Superfood? Getting offline and outside and doing things for or with others and staying active.These experiences requir
83、e that we actually take time off-not easy in a culture attaching so much importance to productivity. But researchers say sometimes its about changing our thoughts of leisure activities. Harvards Anat Keinan has found a helpful way: were more likely to go camping if we acknowledge it will be good for
84、 our productivity at work. Similarly, we often choose uncollectable experiences that give us a story to tell, as we like to feel were accomplishing something. Keinan has also argued that while we often feel good about ourselves by choosing work over leisure, in the long term were likely to regret th
85、is, feeling weve missed out on “the pleasures of life.Time is our least renewable resource. Its good for us to consider if were using it wisely.42. Which of the following statements can best explain “contaminated time in paragraph 4?A. Checking emails frequently.B. Scanning Twitter while watching TV
86、.C. Looking up new words in the homework.D. Keeping up with the social-media updates.43. Which of the following is NOT a factor that makes us feel time-poor?A. Our lifetimes have become longer than decades ago.B. Were too addicted to our mobile phones.C. Our spending power has sharply increased.D. T
87、here are an increasing number of things for us to experience.44. The underlined word “famine” in paragraph 5 probably means _.A. uselessnessB. valueC. managementD. shortage45. According to the passage, we should _.A. cut down the eating of rubbish food and enjoy superfood moreB. experience something
88、 relaxing if it adds to our work performanceC. make wise use of time by choosing work over leisure activitiesD. use a time-management app to know how we spend our time【答案】42. B 43. D 44. D 45. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出经验比物质更能带来幸福。但我们很多人都深深感到，害怕选择追求错误的体验，从而浪费宝贵的时间。文章说明了如今人们感到时间紧张的一些因素，以及这些因素对人们的影响。文章最后提出
89、时间是我们最不可再生的资源。如果我们明智地使用它，这对我们是有好处的。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中when were doing one thing but thinking about something else.可知当我们在做一件事，却在想其他事情的时候。由此可推知，B选项“边看电视边刷推特”最能解释“contaminated time”的概念。故选B。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中In his book Spending Time, Daniel Hamermesh explains that while our lifetimes have gotten a bit
90、 longer-13% since 1960-our spending power has increased by 198%.可知Daniel Hamermesh在他的书花费时间中解释道，虽然我们的寿命比1960年长了13%，但我们的消费能力却增长了198%。由此可知，我们的寿命比几十年前更长、我们的消费能力急剧增加是我们感到时间紧张的因素；根据第四段中Next, theres our cell-phone addiction.可知其次，我们对手机上瘾。由此可知，我们太沉迷于手机是我们感到时间紧张的因素。只有D选项“有越来越多的事情需要我们去经历”文章中没有提到是感到时间紧张的因素，故选D。
91、【44题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文No wonder were seeing books about attaining more of our time and letting go of cell phones, like Jenny Odells How to Do Nothing.可知难怪我们会看到关于获得更多时间和放下手机的书，比如Jenny Odell的How to Do Nothing。由此可知，我们许多人都遭受着心理学家所说的“时间缺乏”，因此才出现了许多关于获得更多时间和放下手机的书。故划线单词意思为“缺乏”。故选D。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Harvards
92、 Anat Keinan has found a helpful way: were more likely to go camping if we acknowledge it will be good for our productivity at work.可知哈佛大学的AnatKeinan找到了一个有用的方法：如果我们承认露营对我们的工作效率有好处，我们就更有可能去露营。由此可推知，如果想提高我们的工作表现，我们应该体验一些放松的东西。故选B。【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to, be ca
93、lled或thats to say, such as等。 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置
94、，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。如第三小题，根据后文No wonder were seeing books about attaining more of our time and letting go of cell phones, like Jenny Odells How to Do Nothing.可知难怪我们会看到关于获得更多时间和放下手机的书，比如Jenny Odell的How to Do Nothing。由此可知，我们许多人都遭受着心理学家所说的“时间缺乏”，因此才出现了许多关于获得更
95、多时间和放下手机的书。故划线单词意思为“缺乏”。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选 项中有两项为多余选项。Sustainable Fabrics(织物) of the FutureChoosing what to wear can be a difficult problem, especially if you5re a fashion victim. Trying to keep up with the latest styles involves regular visits to the shopping m
96、alls and sometimes paying for expensive designer clothes. But the fashion often changes. _46_Many stores now offer cheap “fast fashion”-low-price items that copy the styles of more expensive designer brands Environmentalists are angered by the amount of energy involved in making these clothes and th
97、at many of them are made from non- recyclable materials. _47_Eleanor Lawrie, a BBC reporter, says that people in the UK are the worst in Europe for getting rid of unwanted clothes every year. And she says, “On top of often poor labour conditions for workers, the fashion industry is also responsible
98、for 20% of the worlds waste water, and 10% of carbon emissions(排放).”This is something the fashion industry is becoming more aware of and has tried to find new crops of biomaterials to replace wasteful fabrics like cotton and leather. Examples include Pinatex, a leather-like material made from pineap
99、ple leaves. Its been used in collections by Hugo Boss and H&M. _48_ It is being used to create food, packaging and clothes._49_ The current farming practice requires a massive amount of water and insect killer. Eleanor says, “About 15,000 litres of water are required to make one pair of jeans, while
100、 95% of its material is cotton.” So, buying organic cotton is a better choice. And there is also Tencel, a natural product becoming increasingly popular. Its made by taking cellulose fiber(木质纤维素) from trees and its production is thought to use 95% less water than cotton processing.Professor Richard
101、Blackbum from Leeds School of Design tells the BBC that creating sustainable fabrics is only part of the battle-buying reasonably, buying second hand and buying fewer clothes are obviously the more environmentally friendly choices for people. _50_ If one can do that, he is starting to be sustainable
102、.A. Cotton is a very resource-demanding crop to grow.B. And theres Mycelium, the root structure of mushrooms.C. Every year, a million tonnes of unwanted fabrics just get thrown away.D. Many of your clothes will then be left in the back of cupboards gathering dust.E. Recycled cotton can come from sec
103、ondhand clothing or from fabrics leftovers.F. This means the cheap fashionable items will have to be burned or go into landfill.G. One shouldnt consider buying any item of clothing unless he commits to 30 wears.【答案】46. D 47. F 48. B 49. A 50. G【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了许多商店现在提供廉价的“快时尚”模仿更昂贵的设计师品牌的低价商品。环保人士
104、对制作这些衣服所耗费的大量能源感到愤怒，因为许多衣服是由不可回收的材料制成的。时尚界越来越意识到这一点，并试图寻找新的生物材料作物，以取代棉花和皮革等浪费面料。同时举例说明了可以取代棉花和皮革等浪费面料的新的生物材料。【46题详解】根据上文But the fashion often changes.可知但时尚总是在改变。由此可知，购买的昂贵名牌衣服，因为时尚改变了，所以就被衣柜后面，积满灰尘了。故D选项“你的许多衣服就会被留在衣柜后面，积满灰尘”符合上下文语境，故选D。【47题详解】根据上文Environmentalists are angered by the amount of energ
105、y involved in making these clothes and that many of them are made from non- recyclable materials.可知环保人士对制作这些衣服所耗费的大量能源感到愤怒，因为许多衣服是由不可回收的材料制成的。由此可知，这些不可回收材料制成的衣服只能被焚烧或填埋。故F选项“这意味着便宜的时尚物品将不得不被焚烧或填埋”符合上下文语境，故选F。【48题详解】结合上文This is something the fashion industry is becoming more aware of and has tried to
106、 find new crops of biomaterials to replace wasteful fabrics like cotton and leather. Examples include Pinatex, a leather-like material made from pineapple leaves. Its been used in collections by Hugo Boss and H&M.可知时尚界越来越意识到这一点，并试图寻找新的生物材料作物，以取代棉花和皮革等浪费面料。例如Pinatex，一种由菠萝叶子制成的类似皮革的材料。Hugo Boss和H&M的系列
107、都用过它。由此可知，本句承接上文列举可以用来取代棉花和皮革的新生物材料。故B选项“还有Mycelium，蘑菇的根结构”符合上下文语境，故选B。【49题详解】根据后文Eleanor says, “About 15,000 litres of water are required to make one pair of jeans, while 95% of its material is cotton.”可知Eleanor说：生产一条牛仔裤大约需要15,000升水，而牛仔裤95%的原料都是棉花。”由此可知，生产棉花非常耗费资源。故A选项“棉花是一种非常消耗资源的作物”符合上下文语境，故选A。【5
108、0题详解】根据上文Professor Richard Blackbum from Leeds School of Design tells the BBC that creating sustainable fabrics is only part of the battle-buying reasonably, buying second hand and buying fewer clothes are obviously the more environmentally friendly choices for people.可知利兹设计学院的Richard Blackbum教授在接受B
109、BC采访时表示，创造可持续发展的面料只是战斗的一部分合理地购买，购买二手货和购买更少的衣服显然是对环境更友好的选择。由此可知，本句承接上文说明一个人应该少买衣服，故G选项“一个人不应该考虑买任何一件衣服，除非他承诺要穿30件”符合上下文语境，故选G。第三部分 书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,你的英国笔友Jim发来邮件，询问你校的 体育活动情况，请给他回复邮件，内容包括：1. 学校的活动项目；2. 你最喜欢的活动及原因。注意:1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,
110、Its pleasure to receive your email asking me about the physical activities of our school and Id love to share them with you. We have many different kinds of activities, such as playing basketball, football, volleyball, running, going skiing and so on.As for me, my favorite sport is running, from whi
111、ch I benefit a lot. First, running is good for my health. Second, I, as you may know, am busy preparing for my college entrance examination. Running can make me relaxed some time. Besides, I like the feeling of running around on the playground, enjoying the sunshine and breathing the fresh air.How a
112、bout you? I am so curious about your physical activities in Britain. Im looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】这是一篇提纲类写作。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,你的英国笔友Jim发来邮件，询问你校的 体育活动情况，请给他回复邮件，内容包括：1. 学校的活动项目；2. 你最喜欢的活动及原因。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：physical activities (体育活动)；share with(分享)；kinds of (各
113、种各样的)；be busy doing sth.(忙于做某事)；fresh air (新鲜空气)；curious about(好奇)等。 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般将来时。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如As for me, my favorite sport is running, from which I benefit a lot.运用非限定性定语从句；Be
114、sides, I like the feeling of running around on the playground, enjoying the sunshine and breathing the fresh air.非谓语动词的运用。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。第二节（20分）52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“快乐送万 家”为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记, 记述整个过程。注意:词数不少于60。_【答案】Last week, our sch
115、ool organized an activity named “Happiness to Family”, which turned out to be meaningful and unforgettable.On Monday morning, I signed up with my classmates as soon as we heard the news. We were very interested in it and had a heated discussion immediately. At last, we decided to sing a song named M
116、y Motherland. The next day, we began to make preparations for our performance. Everyone was very serious and hardworking to practice it. Then came the big day. It was time to show our performance. Our efforts paid off, because the audience in the community liked it, giving us a big applause. All of
117、us were very happy and felt proud of ourselves. In the end, we got a prize and we were really excited when we got the souvenirs presented by the community staff there. There was a happy smile on everyones face.Through this activity, I know bringing happiness to others can also make us happy. I hope
118、our school can organize more activities like this.【解析】【分析】这是一篇图画类写作。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“快乐送万家”为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记, 记述整个过程。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：turn out (结果是)；meaningful and unforgettable(有意义和难忘的)；sign up (报名)；as soon as (一就)；heated discussion (激烈讨论)等。 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组
119、）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般过去时。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如On Monday morning, I signed up with my classmates as soon as we heard the news.运用时间状语从句；Our efforts paid off, because the audience in the community liked it, giving us a big applause.运用了原因状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
