1、单元加餐练.阅读理解For centuries, people wondered how big the Earth was. Unfortunately, although the Earth was flat, no one was able to figure_out its size. Gradually, however, people began to realize that the Earth was really round.Then, in the third century BC(2,300 years ago), a Greek man named Eratosthen
2、es had an idea. Eratosthenes was sure that the Earth was a sphere. He used the sun and geometry(几何学) to figure out the size of the Earth. He calculated that the circumference(圆周) of the Earth was 28,600 miles(46,000 kilometers). The true size of the Earth is 25,000 miles(40,000 kilometers)Eratosthen
3、es measurement was wrong, but it was very close to the truth.For many centuries after Eratoshenes lived, people made maps of the Earth. However, they did not know very much about the world outside of Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Mapmakers could not draw accurate maps of the Earth until people beg
4、an traveling around the world in the fifteenth century, mapping small areas each time. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, people began making correct maps of countries, but the first accurate maps of the world were not made until the 1890s.Maps today are reliable(可依靠的), inexpensive, and eas
5、y to understand. People depend on maps every day. What would our lives be like without them?本文是一篇科普文。文章介绍了地球是圆的的发现过程及地图绘制的过程。1A sphere is a _.Alarge shape BplanetCball shape Dmember of the sun family答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段Eratosthenes was sure that the Earth was a sphere.和He calculated that the circumfer
6、ence(圆周) of the Earth was 28,600 miles(46,000 kilometers)可知sphere是球形，故选C。2Whats a synonym(同义词) for “figure out”？Ageometry. Bcalculate.Cmake out. Dunderstand.答案：B解析：词义猜测题。no one was able to figure out its size指没有人能够计算出它的大小，figure out “计算”，与calculate同义，故选B。3The first correct maps of the world were mad
7、e _.Ain the 15th century Bin the 18th centuryCin the 19th century Din the 20th century答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段the first accurate maps of the world were not made until the 1890s.可知世界上最早的精确地图是19世纪90年代出现的，故选C。4When did map makers begin to draw correct maps of the Earth?AWhen people began to travel around t
8、he world.BWhen people knew the size of the Earth.CWhen people knew the shape of the Earth.DBefore people traveled around the world.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Mapmakers could not draw accurate maps of the Earth until people began traveling around the world in the fifteenth century, mapping small areas each
9、time.可知到15世纪人们开始环游世界，地图制作者们才绘制出了精确的地球地图。故选A。.七选五Taking a Child FishingThere is nothing quite like seeing the smile on a young persons face when they catch their fish. Here are some simple steps that can be taken to help children and parents enjoy these early fishing experiences. _1_ Its easier to te
10、ach young children to fish if your attention is towards them and not towards your own fishing. If you are also trying to fish, this can make that difficult for both of you. _2_ When they need your help, you can hand down your tool and they can keep fishing.Keep trips short.Children have short attent
11、ion periods. _3_ Take this into consideration when planning a trip. When it stops being fun for them, its time to call it a day.Bring plenty of snacks and drinks.Even though most of these trips will be short, they will get hungry and thirsty. Bringing plenty of snacks and drinks gives them a little
12、break from fishing. _4_ You can use this time while they are eating or playing to do some fishing yourself.Other than fishing.Just because they are on a fishing trip doesnt mean that they have to finish all the time. Let them do things besides fishing as long as it isnt interfering (打扰) with the peo
13、ple fishing around you. _5_ A stop on the way home for ice cream or other treats can also be a fun part of the trip. Remember its all about them having fun and hopefully wanting to go fishing with you again.ALet them help make choices.BMake the fishing trip about them.CChildren love to feel like the
14、y are helping out.DThis can be more exciting to them than the actual fishing.EThe same is true if you bring a few small toys for them to play with.FOne way to solve this problem is for you to use the tool the child can use.GAn hour or possibly two will be about all of the fishing they can handle in
15、a day.本文是一篇说明文。没有什么比看到一个年轻人在捕鱼时脸上的微笑更让人高兴的了。文章介绍了一些简单的步骤，可以帮助孩子和父母享受这些早期钓鱼的经验。1B解析：此空是小标题，应该是短小精悍的祈使句，在A、B两项中选择。再根据下文内容，“如果你的注意力集中在小孩子身上，而不是你自己钓鱼的话，教他们钓鱼就更容易了。如果你也想钓鱼，这会给你们俩带来困难。”由此推知，B项 Make the fishing trip about them.(围绕着孩子计划钓鱼)切题。关键词是fishing。故选B。2F解析：上文提示“如果你也想钓鱼，这会给你们俩带来困难。”承接上下文，F项One way to s
16、olve this problem is for you to use the tool the child can use.(解决这个问题的一种方法是使用孩子可以使用的工具)切题。故选F。3G解析：上文提示“孩子们注意力集中的时间很短。”承接上文，G项An hour or possibly two will be about all of the fishing they can handle in a day.(他们一天大约能钓一个或两个小时的鱼)切题。故选G。4E解析：上文提示“带上足够的零食和饮料可以让他们在钓鱼的间隙放松一下。”承接上文，E项The same is true if y
17、ou bring a few small toys for them to play with.(如果你带一些小玩具给他们玩，情况也是一样)切题。故选E。5D解析：上文提示“让他们做一些钓鱼以外的事情，只要不干扰你周围的人钓鱼。”承接上文，D项This can be more exciting to them than the actual fishing.(对他们来说，这比真正的钓鱼更令人兴奋)切题。故选D。.完形填空The Fittingin of Suzy KhanThe first time I saw Suzy Khan, I knew I had to help her. She
18、was really small for her age of 12. The boys in my class often _1_ about her and laughed their heads off. She would open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page.All I knew was that she was an orphan (孤儿) from Africa. She had just been adopted by a family in town who _2_ that
19、 the best way for her to learn American ways of life was to be with American kids. I looked down at this _3_ girl and promised myself that somehow I would help her.But how could I help her _4_ in with us? There had to be a _5_.One day, when I went into the classroom, I saw that Suzy had _6_ her geog
20、raphy book to a picture of a train, and in her notebook, she had made a(n) _7_ copy.I was surprised and thought that she could do something in the coming _8_ show. So, I took her to see the art teacher, Miss Parker, and showed her what Suzy had _9_. “why, its wonderful，” said Miss Parker, who then s
21、howed us a poster she had painted _10_ the talent show. “I need more of these, but I just dont have enough _11_. Could you help me, Suzy？”On the day of the talent show, Suzys _12_ were everywhereall over the hall and all over the school, each one different.“And finally，” said Mr Brown, the schoolmas
22、ter, at the end of the show, “we have a(n) _13_ award. Im sure youve all noticed the wonderful posters.” Everyone nodded. “One of our own students _14_ them.”I could hear everyone whispering. “Who in our school could draw _15_ well？”Mr Brown waited a while before saying, “ _16_ this student worked s
23、o hard on the posters, she deserves a _17_，too. Our mystery(神秘) artist is our new studentSuzy Khan！”Mr Brown thanked her for all the wonderful posters and gave her a professional artists set. “Thank you，” she cried.I _18_， at that time when I was looking at her excited face, shed probably never _19_
24、 anything in her whole life.Everyone started to _20_ their hands. Suzy Khan gave them a shy smile and the applause was deafening. I knew then Suzy was going to be all right.本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲了一个非洲来的儿童Suzy被美国家庭收养，为让孩子了解美国生活，他们把孩子送进学校和美国孩子一起学习。但那些美国孩子却经常嘲笑她。一次偶然的机会，“我”发现了她的绘画才能，并把她介绍给艺术老师。艺术老师也认同她的绘画才能，让她帮自
25、己制作才艺秀的海报。在才艺秀结束的时候，校长颁发给Suzy一个特殊的奖项，同学们也认可和接纳了她。1A.joked Bcared Ctrains Dworried答案：A解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。根据语境，这里是说“班里的男孩子会拿她开玩笑，然后就是哄堂大笑。而她也只好眼含泪水地假装看书。” joke about 拿开玩笑；care about介意，在乎；train about关于的训练；worry about为担忧。故选A。2A.reported Bdecided Ccomplained Dquestioned答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。A.reported报告；B.d
26、ecided决定；C.complained抱怨；D.questioned询问。这个非洲孤儿被美国家庭收养，美国家庭决定(认定)和美国孩子在一起才能让她学会美国生活方式。decide这里是认定、断定的意思。故选B。3A.rich Bproud Ctiny Dpopular答案：C解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.rich有钱的；B.proud自豪的；C.tiny极小的；D.popular受欢迎的。根据上文叙述，这个女孩比同龄12岁的孩子都要瘦小，所以“我低头看着这个小小的女孩子，下决心无论如何都要帮助她”。rich富有的，proud骄傲的，popular流行的，受欢迎的。显然都不符合语境。tiny
27、“very” small。故选C。4A.come Bfall Cfit Dtie答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析和上下文语境。A.come来；B.fall落下；C.fit适合；D.tie系。我打算帮助这个女孩与大家融洽相处。文章标题已给出提示。fit in with适合，与一致。故选C。5A.manner Bpattern Cchoice Dway答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.manner方式；B.pattern模式；C.choice选择；D.way方式。根据上文决定帮助小女孩与大家融洽相处，必须寻找一个办法/方法。manner做事或行为方式，多指行动的特殊方式或独特的方法，pattern
28、指模式、花样、图案等，choice指选择，way指方式、方法、手段等，可指一般的方法，有时也指个人的方法或方式。因为这里没有谈到什么方法，所以只能用笼统的方法way。故选D。6A.read Btaken Copened Dput答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析和语境理解。A.read阅读；B.taken拿走；C.opened打开；D.put放置。Suzy把书打开到火车图片那里。open.to把翻到，to是介词，表达“到地方”。其他均不合适。故选C。7A.free Bperfect Cfinal Dextra答案：B解析：考查形容词词义辨析和上下文语境。A.free自由的；B.perfect完美的
29、；C.final最后的；D.extra额外的。她对火车图的复制，效果怎样要看文中第9题后的陈述，“why, its wonderful”可知，非常好，与此题选项中的perfect相近。故选B。8A.art Btalk Cquiz Dtalent答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析和上下文语境。A.art艺术；B.talk谈论；C.quiz小测试；D.talent才能，天才。根据后文第10题后的陈述“the talent show”我们知道这是一个才艺秀。故选D。9A.colored Bwritten Ccarved Ddrawn答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析和语境理解。A.colored涂色；B.w
30、ritten书写；C.carved雕刻；D.drawn绘画。根据上文陈述，Suzy在画火车，所以这里应该是“我”把她画的东西展示给艺术老师看。故选D。10A.at Bafter Cfor Daround答案：C解析：考查介词。根据文章内容，这里是老师拿出一张“为才艺秀”做的海报。for意为“为”。故选C。11A.room Btime Cpaper Dinterest答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析和语境理解。A.room房间；B.time时间；C.paper纸；D.interest兴趣。由该空前面“more”和空后的“help”两个词可知，老师还需要更多的海报，但老师“没有足够的时间”，所以才请
31、Suzy帮忙制作。故选B。12A.gifts Bbooks Cphotos Dposters答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析和上下文语境。A.gifts礼物；B.books书；C.photos照片；D.posters海报。上文已谈到，艺术老师想让Suzy帮忙制作一些海报，所以，才艺秀当天应该到处都能看到Suzy制作的海报。故选D。13A.special Bacademic Cnational Droyal答案：A解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.special特殊的；B.academic学术的；C.national国家的；D.royal皇家的。才艺秀当天大家都表演了，还要颁发一个特殊的奖项给制作海报
32、的人，因为制作海报原本不是才艺秀的内容。故选A。14A.painted Bfound Cprinted Dcollected答案：A解析：考查动词词义辨析和上下文语境。A.painted画；B.found发现；C.printed印刷；D.collected收集。文中这句话的意思说“我们一个学生画了这些海报”，除了draw以外，我们还可以使用paint一词，表示绘画。故选A。15A.very Bthat Cquite Dtoo答案：B解析：考查副词词义。修饰形容词或副词，表示那么，那样，我们一般用so，也可以用that，二者意思相近。that well“so” well。故选B。16A.If B
33、Though CUnless DSince答案：D解析：考查状语从句的连接词和上下文语境。A.If 如果；B.Though尽管；C.Unless除非；D.Since 因为。“因为这位同学如此努力地画了这些海报”，所以值得奖励。since“now” that/because。故选D。17A.prize Brank Crest Dplace答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析和语境理解。A.prize奖品；B.rank等级，军衔；C.rest 休息；D.place地方。因为努力画了这些海报，这位同学值得奖励。故选A。18A.replied Brealized Cremembered Dregretted
34、答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.replied回答；B.realized意识到；C.remembered记得；D.regretted后悔。该空描写作者的思想活动，是意识到她从来没有拥有过什么，这些成就和别人的承认第一次让她意识到自己的能力和重要。故选B。19A.offered Bvalued Cowned Dcontrolled答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.offered提供；B.valued评估，估价；C.owned 拥有；D.controlled控制。因为是外来的移民，没有融入大家的生活中，这次活动让大家看到了她拥有的东西。故选C。20A.clap Bwave Craise Ds
35、hake答案：A解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.clap鼓掌；B.wave挥手；C.raise提高；D.shake摇动。因为她画得好，得到校长表扬，才能得到大家认可，所以大家为她鼓掌。clap ones hands鼓掌。故选A。.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。In 2014, one in 16 Americans visited the emergency room for home injuries that resulted from knives, ladders, and cookware, etc. What is the main causes of t
36、hese accidents? A wandering mind. By one estimate, people daydream through nearly half their waking hours.Psychologists have recently focused on the tendency to think about something other than the task at hand. In one experiment, two Harvard researchers developed an iPhone app to analyze the relati
37、onship between daydreaming and happiness. They found peoples minds tended to wander more when they felt upset rather than happy. Drinking alcohol and daydreaming also seem to go hand in hand. And the younger we are, the more likely we may be to let our mind wander. People aged 18 to 25 report signif
38、icantly more taskunrelated thoughts than those aged 60 to 85.How do daydreams affect daydreamers? Just as a wandering mind makes us accidentprone at home, it leaves us more likely to be attacked in traffic accidents. In an unusual study, French researchers visited an emergency room to interview 955
39、patients involved in traffic accidents. The majority of them reported having daydreamed just before the crash; more than 10 percent considered the daydreams content “highly distracting (分心的)”. And many studies have shown that mindwandering interrupts with mental functions such as reading comprehensi
40、on and memory keeping.Yet other research suggests that daydreaming has benefits. For one, much mindwandering is futureoriented, and researchers have found that it gives us a chance to think about our goals. It also seems to improve creativity. In one experiment, 145 undergraduates completed four “un
41、usual uses” tasks, each requiring them to list as many uses as possible for an everyday object. After the first pair of tasks was completed, one group of subjects was assigned an undemanding activity intended to elicit mindwandering. When the subjects proceeded to the second pair of tasks, the daydr
42、eamers performed 40 percent better than the nondreamers.Peoples_frequent_daydreaming_has_caused_many_injuries_in_America.(要点1)_Studies_show_that_unhappy_feelings_and_ alcohol_drinking_will_greatly_increase_the_possibility_of_daydreaming._Besides,_young_peoples_minds_tend_to_wander_more.(要点2)_A_wandering_mind_will_distract_people_and_thus_increases_the_risk_of_injuries_at_home_as_well_as_car_accidents.(要点3)_However,_people_still_benefit_from_daydreaming_for_it_allows_them_to_think_about_goals_and_promote_their_creativity.(要点4)
