1、单元课时3（教师版） 设计老师：课题：The economy or the environment - must we choose?教学目标：Word usage and language points教学流程：1. Checking homework of reading and reciting 2. Teaching and explaining language points 1. Then we will open the floor for discussion(Page 22, line8) 之后我们将展开集体讨论。句中the floor意思是“（在会上的）发言权”。常用的短语
2、有：get/have/be given the floor 取得发言权，hold the floor长篇大论地发言。如：Dale was delighted to know that he had managed to gain the floor in the next conference.戴尔很高兴地得知他已获准在下一次会议上发言。另外，floor还有“楼层”的意思。如：To my surprise, the girl who lives two floors above is my desk mate in the primary school.让我惊奇的是，那个住的比我高两层的女孩是
3、我小学时的同桌。2If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to voice them.(Page 22, lines 8-9) 如果大家有任何问题或评论，可以利用这个时间段来提问或者发表见解。句中voice 是动词，意思是“表达，表露（感情或意见）”。如：When finding they were deprived of the right to vote, they voiced their anger.当发现被剥夺了选举的权利，他们表达了自己的愤怒。Voice还可作名词，表达“看法”的意思，如：Since
4、we were not present when the accident happened, we had to voice in it.因为事故发生时我们不在场，对它我们没有发言权。3.I am talking to you today about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.(Page 22, lines 10-11)我今天跟大家谈谈世界上大片区域是怎样受工业污染而被破坏的。 句中the way + 定语从句（way 后面的that/in which已省略），表示“做的方式”。如：To
5、my surprise, the girl I talked with yesterday walks the way (that/ in which) her mother does. 我很惊讶，昨天和我谈话的女孩走路和她母亲一模一样。另外， 与way 相关的短语还有：If you want to go to Hong Kong, you can get there by way of Guangzhou.假如你要去香港的话，你可经过广州再到那儿。 In a way, the suggestion your friend put forward is hard to carry out. 从
6、某种意义上来说，你朋友提出的建议很难实施。 Preparations for the fight against the upcoming floods are well under way. 为抵御即将到来的洪水，所有的准备工作正在扎实地进行中。Instead of helping us, I found them just in our way. Therefore, I asked them to get out of our way. 非但没有帮助我们，我发现他们碍手碍脚的，因此我请他们不要妨碍我们。By the way, could you tell me how I can hav
7、e myself understood by those who are deaf and dumb? 顺便问一句，你能告诉我怎样才能使这些聋哑人理解我说的话呢？4.The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick.(Page 22, line 13) 由工厂制造出来的废物进入大气中，导致我们生病。 句中sick意思是“生病的”，ill也可表达同样的意思。如： Having been sick/ill for more than two weeks, my mother is too weak to go to h
8、ospital by herself. 病了两周之后，我母亲身体虚弱，不能独自一人去医院看病。另外sick还可表示“厌恶的”；“想呕吐的”的意思，但ill没有这些意思。如： Being sick of waiting for buses now and then, my father decided to buy a car. 厌倦了经常需要等公车的生活，我父亲决定了要买辆车。 You have had too much yogurt. If you eat more, you will make yourself sick. 你酸奶吃得太多了，再吃，你就该吐了。 Sick还常与其他名词构成复
9、合词，如：seasick晕船，carsick晕车，airsick晕机。 Not used to the life in the US and having no close friend, she is getting more and more homesick. 不习惯美国的生活，又没有好朋友，她越来越想家了。 注意：A. 作前置定语时，sick表示“生病的”，而ill意思是“坏的，有害的”。如： The ill man really made it disgusting to treat so sick a woman in such a rude way. 这个坏人以如此粗暴的方式对待
10、如此病重的妇女，真让人气愤。 Bill可以作副词，意思是“坏地”，相当于badly，而sick不可以作副词。如： What if you are constantly spoken ill of on different occasions? 如果有人在不同场合不断将你的坏话，你该怎么办呢？5.The worlds population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.(Page 22, lines 20-21) 目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到那时的六倍多。 短语grow to 意思是“增加到”，可表示类似意思
11、的短语还有increase to, rise to , climb to 等。如： To make the population rise to a new level, the government tried various methods to encourage couples to have more children. 为了能使人口增长到一个新的水平，政府采取了各种方法鼓励生育。 注意：区别于grow by, 意思是“增加了”，类似表达还有increase by, rise by 等。如： Its really a wonder that the average income of
12、 the people in the city has grown by 60% in the last two years. 这城市居民的人均收入在过去的两年里增加了60%（即增加到原来的1.6倍），这真是个奇迹。6.My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.(Page 22, lines 22-23) 我的建议是，我们应当尽量削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量。(1) 句中suggestion的意思是“建议”，其后
13、所接的表语从句中一般需用虚拟语气，从句中的should可省略。如：He agreed with my suggestion that we (should) change the plan for the spring outing.他同意了我更改春游计划的建议。类似地，当动词suggest表示“建议，提议”的意思时，后接的宾语从句中一般也需使用虚拟语气。如：I suggest that we (should) go to the park by bus. 我提议乘公车去公园。注意：需在从句中使用虚拟语气的动词和由动词派生出的名词还包括：advise/advice劝告、建议，require/r
14、equirement需要，demand强烈要求，insist坚持要求等。The workers in the factory made the requirements that their working conditions (should) be improved and that their salaries (should) be raised.工厂的工人要求改善工作条件，提高工资。The teacher advised that the students (should) not stay up late at night.老师忠告学生们晚上不要熬夜。(2) 短语cut back
15、on 在此句中的意思是“削减、缩减”。如：As such products dont sell well in the market, the members of the board have decided to cut back on the output. 因为此类产品市场销售不好，董事会决定削减产量。与cut 有关的短语还有：Electricity having been cut off, it was impossible for them to go on watching TV.电源切断以后，他们不可能再继续看电视了。Why dont you cut down on smoki
16、ng as you know smoking is harmful to health?既然知道吸烟有害健康，你为什么不减少抽烟呢？They were having a quiet conversation when she suddenly cut in.他们正悄悄地谈着话，她突然插了句嘴。Better feed the chicks with meat that is cut up. 最好用切碎的肉喂小鸡。 7.As an economist, Im often seen as being against the environment.(Page 23, line 30) 作为一名经济学
17、家，我常常被人视为环保反对派。句中see的意思是“想象”，常用于短语see sb./sth.(as sth.)，表示“设想，想象”，一般不用于进行时。如：Soon after his first performance, he was seen as one of the best pianist in the years to come. 他第一次登台后不久，就被认为是未来最杰出的钢琴家之一。与see有关的其余主要短语还包括：Though he tried to be friendly to us, we all saw him through.尽管他试图向我们表示友好，但我们看穿了他的为人
18、。My computer is out of order. I will get Davis to see to it.我的计算机坏了，我会请戴维斯来修理一下。Seeing that the clouds have come down, wed better stay at home.因为云层已压了下来，我们最好还是待在家里。、8. They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities to the environment and only thinking about money.(Page 23, lines
19、 32-33) 他们就会联想到贪婪的商人躲避自己对环境的责任、一味追求金钱。 在句中，greedy businessmen hiding是动名词短语，作介词of的宾语，其中greedy businessmen是动名词短语的逻辑主语。如： Why do you insist on the criminal being sentenced to death for such a small crime? 为什么你要坚持因这么一点小罪而将那个罪犯处以死刑呢？9.But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides. (P
20、age 23, line 45) 但有一点我非常赞同：循环利用或许是对两者都有利的关键。 句中短语the key to的意思是“关键”，to是介词，后接名词或动名词短语。如： In my opinion, the key to solving the problem is to be interested rather than to force yourself. 我想解决这问题的关键是兴趣而不是强迫。 注意：类似的须在后面接名词或动名词短语的短语还有：be close to, be devoted to, be used to, look forward to, object to, pa
21、y attention to, see to, turn to等。如： When told that her son was close to being run over by a car, she was too scared to say anything.当被告知她儿子几乎被一辆车从身上碾过时，她吓得一句话都说不出。10.This might make wood and seafood more expensive, but paying a higher price for some things is not always bad for the economy.(Page 23,
22、 lines 49-51) 这些措施或许会让木材和海鲜价格上涨，然而，为某些东西付出高一些的代价并不总是意味着对经济不利。 句中not always是部分否定，类似的用法还有not often等。如： He doesnt often stay up late at night, so he felt a bit dizzy when working far into the night yesterday. 他不经常熬夜，因此昨晚工作到深夜后他感到有点头晕。 注意：以下这些部分否定的用法： Not all the selective courses offered by the school
23、are interesting. = All the selective courses offered by the school arent interesting.并不是学校提供的所有选修课都是有趣的。Not everyone will do all he can to reach the goal he has set.= Everyone wont do all he can to reach the goal he has set.不是每个人都会完成他设定的目标。11. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightl
24、y higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly. (Page 23, lines 51-52) 我征询过很多人的意见，发现他们当中很多人其实是愿意花费稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品的。 短语ask around的意思是“多方询问，四处打听”。如： Youd better ask around before making a decision about which university to go to. 在你决定选择某所大学前，最好四处打听一下。 与ask相关的常用短语还有： When you go back home
25、next month, Id like you to ask after your parents for me. 下月回家时，请代我向你父母致以问候。 After the news that an earthquake had hit part of Yunnan Province was broadcast, a lot of people asked about the damage caused by it. 云南部分地区遭受地震袭击的消息播出之后，许多人询问地震造成的损失情况。 Why not ask your boss for a pay increase since you ar
26、e playing such a key role in the firm? 既然你在公司起着如此重要作用，为什么不要求老板为你加薪呢？反馈巩固：1. Charles left France; he preferred to give up his fortune.= Charles left France, give up his fortune. （表示伴随状态）2. , Charles returned to France.= As he was a brave man, Charles returned to France.) （表示原因） 3. , Defarge found Dr.
27、 Manette making a shoe.= When he entered the small room, Defarge found Dr. Manette making a shoe. （表示时间）4. The poor of the cities, , took up their guns.=As they had lived such a hard life, the poor of the cities took up their guns. （表示原因） 5. , Lucie helped him to get better.=After she had brought he
28、r father back to England, Lucie helped him to get better. （表示时间）6. , he didnt feel a bit tired. =Though he worked very hard, he didnt feel a bit tired. (表示让步)1. Charles left France; he preferred to give up his fortune.(= Charles left France, preferring to give up his fortune) 查尔斯离开法国，宁愿放弃他的财产。（表示伴随状
29、态） 2. Being a brave man, Charles returned to France.(= As he was a brave man, Charles returned to France.) 因为查尔斯很勇敢，所以他回到法国。（表示原因） 3. Entering the small room, Defarge found Dr. Manette making a shoe.(= When he entered the small room, Defarge found Dr. Manette making a shoe.) 德法奇走进小房时，发现曼奈特医生正在缝制鞋子。（
30、表示时间） 4. The poor of the cities, having lived such a hard life, took up their guns.(=As they had lived such a hard life, the poor of the cities took up their guns.) 城市贫民由于长期过着艰苦的生活，所以拿起了武器。（表示原因） “having+过去分词”结构是 v-ing的完成式，也可以作状语，但它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。5. Having brought her father back to England, Lucie helped him to get better.(=After she had brought her father back to England, Lucie helped him to get better.) 露西把父亲带回英国之后，就帮助他恢复健康。（表示时间）6. Working very hard, he didnt feel a bit tired. 尽管拼命地工作,却丝毫不感到疲劳。可以转换成:Though he worked very hard, he didnt feel a bit tired. （表示让步）课后预习、复习
