1、Unit 4 Friends foreverPeriod2 Using language知识点梳理单元语法精讲精练定语从句（I） that，which，who/whom，whose用法I.语法感知感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1.Nowadays，we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.2.The digital age also enables us to find people who share our intere
2、sts.3.Whatever our hobbies，the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them，.4.On social media sites，people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.以上句子均为定语从句。其中句1中的关系代词that在从句中作宾语，句2、3、4中的关系代词在从句中作主语。II.语法精析在复合句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从
3、句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why等。一、关系代词的用法1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。The number of people who were killed in the accident was over 100.在那次事故中丧生的人数超过了100。He is the man who I met yesterday.他就是我昨天遇见的那个人。2.who
4、m指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。注意：(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday was Johns brother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。The man to whom you spoke just now is a relative of mi
5、ne.刚才和你说话的人是我的一个亲戚。3.which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。4.that既可以指人，相当于who或whom；也可以指物，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The woman (that) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上读过那位女士的相关报道，她刚刚赢得一枚金牌。The rep
6、ort (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的。注意：(1)宜用that不宜用which的情况当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做完了。当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。Musi
7、c is the only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。当先行词中既有人又有物时。She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。当主语是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which are
8、the books that you bought for me?哪些是你买给我的书？(2)宜用which不宜用that的情况关系代词前有介词时。The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.我过去住的房子现在已经变成了一家鞋店。在非限制性定语从句中。Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl？你读过这本由一个年轻女孩写的书吗？(3)宜用who不宜用that的情况当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone。Anyone who
9、does that must be mad.谁那样做都一定是疯了。当先行词是I，you，he，they等人称代词时(常用于谚语中)。He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。当先行词为指人的those时。Those who have good manners will be highly respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。在there be结构中，先行词指人时。There is a young man who wants to see you.有一个年轻人想见你。5.whose通常指人，也可指
10、物，在定语从句中作定语。This is the person whose story surprised everybody.就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students.那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生。二、使用定语从句的注意事项1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。注意：“one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；
11、“the only one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。2.为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。译昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。误The film (that/which) we saw it last night i
12、s very frightening.正The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening.3.关系代词的省略。(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。(2)作动词宾语的关系代词可以省略。作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略；如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。We visited the house (that/which) Lu Xun once lived in.We visited the house in which Lu Xun once lived.我们参观了鲁迅曾住过的房子。(3)关系代词which在非限制性
13、定语从句中不能省略。III.高考链接A.用适当的关系词填空1.We dont know the number of people who/that lost their homes in the disaster.2.Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 730 pm.3.The first museum that he visited in China was the History Museum.4.The film that/which you are looking forward
14、 to seeing will be on tomorrow.5.I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.6.It is the tallest building that Daming has seen ever since he came here.7.My father bought a new bike for me whose price added up to more than 1,000 yuan.8.She said she would do anything that could help
15、her mother recover from the disease.9.Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.10.The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.11.I found some new friends with whom I felt very comfortable.12.Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the wor
16、ld.13.The first English novel that I read is called Alice in Wonderland.14.There are three people in my family and I am the only child，which is very common in China.15.I will never forget the day on which we went to buy a guitar in the guitar store.B.把下列句子改为定语从句1.The place was the Childrens Palace.T
17、he place interested me most.The place that/which interested me most was the Childrens Palace.2.The letter is from my elder sister.She is working in Beijing now.The letter is from my elder sister who/that is working in Beijing now.3.The factory is not far from here.We will visit the factory next week
18、.The factory (that/which) we will visit next week is not far from here.4.Ill never forget the days.We spent the days together in the countryside.Ill never forget the days (that/which) we spent together in the countryside.5.The girl is my best friend.My best friend will play the piano at the party.Th
19、e girl who/that will play the piano at the party is my best friend.6.Is there anyone in our class? His family is in the country.Is there anyone whose family is in the country in our class?7.All is needed.All is a supply of oil.All that is needed is a supply of oil.8.We should give a hand to the peop
20、le.The people need help.We should give a hand to the people who/that need help.9.This is the question.We are talking about the question now.This is the question (that/which) we are talking about now.10.The book sells well.The book is written by Yu Dan.The book which/that is written by Yu Dan sells w
21、ell.C.单句语法填空1.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，which she opened with her late husband Les.2.They were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.3.Kate，whose sister I shared a room with when we were at colleg
22、e，has gone to work in Australia.4.Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，which is not good for the health.5.But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.6.My eldest son，whose work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment. 5 / 5原创原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
