1、Unit 3 Celebrations Lesson 1 Spring FestivalGrammar学习目标掌握本节被动语态的用法。知识讲解一、基本知识(一) 概念语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。(二)构成被动语态一般由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。(三)用法1讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。(这时可省略by短语)My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。2
2、借助被动的动作突出动作的受动者。The bike was knocked down by a naughty boy.这辆自行车被一个调皮的小男孩撞倒了。3为使句子更加合理、流畅。The plan was supported by those who wished to live on the campus.这计划得到希望住在校内的人的支持。4习惯用法的需要。这类词常见的有born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate等。He was born in China in 2008.他于2008年出生在中国。二、形式时态名称被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are
3、过去分词一般过去时was/were过去分词一般将来时will/shallbe过去分词过去将来时wouldbe过去分词现在进行时am/is/arebeing过去分词过去进行时was/werebeing过去分词现在完成时have/hasbeen过去分词过去完成时hadbeen过去分词The boy is often heard to play the piano.人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。(一般现在时)She was seen to enter the hall.有人看见她进了大厅。(一般过去时)A new house will be built by us next year.明年我们要建一栋
4、新房子。(一般将来时)The problem is being discussed at the meeting.会议上正在讨论这个问题。(现在进行时)A meeting was being held when I was there.我到那儿时，正在开会。(过去进行时)All these flowers have been watered.这些花都浇过了。(现在完成时)The building had been completed before I arrived.在我去之前那座建筑就已竣工了。(过去完成时)These books may be kept for two weeks.这些书可
5、以借两周。(含情态动词)注意：被动语态中的be动词有时可用get来代替。“get过去分词”一般用来谈论突然发生的事件，只表示动作，不表示状态。She got hurt on her way back home.她在回家的路上受伤了。三、被动语态的注意事项1以主动形式表被动意义的动词(1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。The food tastes delicious.这食物味道鲜美。The cotton feels soft.棉花摸上去很软。(2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动
6、词，如open，shut，lock，sell，write，wash习惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。This kind of cloth washes well.这种布好洗。The engine wont start.引擎发动不起来。(3)need，want，require作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。The plan required discussing.这项计划需要讨论。2不用被动语态的几种情况(1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，die，disappear，rise，end，fail，hap
7、pen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，lose heart，take place等。The price has risen.价格升高了。The accident happened last week.事故是上周发生的。注意： 要想正确地使用被动语态，就需注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。(2)有些及物动词和及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，常见的有：fit，have，hold，marry，own，wish，cost，no
8、tice，watch，agree with，arrive at/in，shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to。This key just fits the lock.这把钥匙适合这把锁。Your story agrees with what he heard.你的故事与他听到的相符。知识巩固：单句语法填空1Vegetables and fruits in this shop (sell) well.2Football (play) in most countries o
9、f the world.3I had not (wake) up by the noise, so I was late this morning.4When the first manmade satellite (send) up into space?5How many magazines can (borrow) from your library every week?6I have to go to work by taxi because my car (repair) at the garage.7Unless some extra money (find), the thea
10、tre will close.8I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but (hold) back thankfully by the shop window.9It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in years to come.10The Great Wall (know) all over the world.参考答案：1. sell 2. is played 3. been woken 4. was; sent 5. be borrowed 6. is being repaired 7. is found 8. was held 9. will be built 10. is known
