1、第一部分 教材复习选修8Unit 3 Inventors and inventions板块一 话题晨读积累话题素材发明创造好词1achieve vt.达到；取得 2.ambitious adj.有雄心壮志的3birthplace n.出生地；故乡 4.confident adj.自信的5creative adj.富有创造力的 6.be enthusiastic about 对热心7make efforts to_do sth.努力做某事 8.regard.as.认为是9make great contributions to 对做出巨大贡献10set a good example to 为做出好
2、榜样11be honored as 被誉为12make_a_decision 作决定13be skilled in sth.在方面熟练14develop an interest in 在方面发展兴趣15cause wide public concern 引起公众的广泛关注佳句1The most important thing in life is_to_have_a_great_aim,_and the determination to_achieve_it.人生最重要的是要有远大的志向和实现志向的决心。2When he went to college,he first chose to wo
3、rk_on_medicine but then changed_his_mind.他大学时先从事医学学习，但后来却改变了主意。3He is_considered_as a creative scientist and people have come to love him.作为一位极具创造力的科学家，人们已经开始喜欢他了。精美语篇Leonardo da Vinci，whose family was poor，was born in 1452.Besides painting，he also became interested in machines when he was a boy.By
4、studying and drawing them，Leonardo gained knowledge abouttheir design and structure.Different from others，his drawing skills enabled him to produce clear drawings of his mechanical ideas easily.Even more than 500 years later，many of his designs can still be used to create perfectworking machines.Whi
5、le making inventions Leonardo was also painting.Today we think of him as one of the greatest painters，but if he had never been a painter，we would still appreciate him as one of the greatest inventors of his time.板块二 基础自主检测高频单词1distinguish(vi.&vt.)显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别2passive(adj.)被动的；消极的；被动语态的active 积极的3s
6、eize(vt.)抓住；捉住；夺4freezing(adj.)冰冻的；严寒的5bear(vt.)忍受；忍耐；负担bore(过去式)born(过去分词)6tap(vt.&vi.)轻打；轻拍；轻敲7practical(adj.)实际的；实践的；实用的practise(v.)练习practice(n.)练习，实践8merciful(adj.)宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercy(n.)宽大；仁慈9convenient(adj.)便利的；方便的；就近的convenience(n.)便利；方便inconvenient(adj.)不方便的；引起麻烦的10caution(n.)小心；谨慎cautious(adj
7、.)小心的；谨慎的cautiously(adv.)小心地；谨慎地11expectation(n.)预料；期待；期望expect(v.)预料；期待；期望；认为unexpected(adj.)未预料到的12innocent(adj.)清白的；无罪的；天真的innocence(n.)天真；清白13associate(vt.)联想；联系(n.)同伴；伙伴association(n.)协会；社团；联合；联想重点短语1call_up 给打电话2set_about开始；着手3dive_into迅速把手伸入；一心投入4set_out_(to_do)开始(做)5get_through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；
8、(设法)做完；通过6now_and_then偶尔；有时7hang_on不挂断；紧紧握住；稍等8out_of_order次序颠倒；发生故障9ring_back回复电话10ring_off挂断电话热点句型1there seems to be.“好像有”The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me,but there_only_seemed_to_be(看来只有)powders designed to kill snakes.(教材 P20)2only状语从句引导的倒装句式Only_aft
9、er_you_have_had_that_recognition(只有在得到这种认可之后)can_you say that you are truly an inventor.(教材 P21)3nor.until.“直到才”Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone elses.(教材 P21)直到你的产品被证实与其他任何人的都不同你才能获得专利。4Its a matter of.“这是的问题”
10、Now its a_matter_of waiting and hoping.(教材 P21)现在，只是等待和期望了。5every time“每次”引导时间状语从句Every_time(每次)you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.(教材 P25)6祈使句and/or陈述句Follow_it_up(跟随它)，explore all around it,and before you know it,you will have something worth thinking abou
11、t to occupy your mind.(教材 P25)教材复现在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1When I _(call)up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.2Can you get rid _ them please?3I set about _(research)the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.4But once _(pick)up,they tried to bite m
12、e.解析 由 was 可知空处也应用一般过去时，故填 called。called解析 get rid of“除掉；去掉；摆脱”。of解析 set about doing“着手做”。researching解析 they 与 pick up 为被动关系，故应填过去分词 picked。picked 5As they were _(poison)snakes,I clearly needed to improve my design again.6_(press)by my friends and relations,I decided to seize the opportunity to get
13、recognition.7The criteria are so strict _ it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.8There are a large number of patent examiners,too,_ only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not.解析 此处应用形容词修饰 snakes，故填 poisonous“有毒的”。poisonous解析 I 与 press 为被动关系，故应填 pressed。
14、Pressed解析 so.that.“如此以致于”。that解析 该句为定语从句，先行词为 patent examiners，从句中缺少定语，故填 whose。whose 9It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit _ led to his most famous inventionthe telephone in 1876.10Bell was fully aware _ the importance of his invention.解析 该句为强调句型，故填 that，被强调部分为句子的主语。that解析 b
15、e aware of“意识到；察觉到”。of板块三 考点冲关细解1 distinguish vt.显示的差别；辨认；辨别Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.(P20)这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以捉住蛇又不会伤害它们。(1)distinguish between.and.区分/辨别和distinguish.from.使有别于distinguish oneself
16、(as.)(作为)表现突出(2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的be distinguished for.因而出名(3)distinguishable adj.易分辨的；能区分的2014北京高考Distinguish_between research reports and public health advice.区别研究报告和公共健康建议。2013上海高考By the time we are adults,we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000 faces.等到成年的时候，我们就有能力分辨大约十万张面孔。
17、必背佳句Reading good books enriches our mind and teaches us to distinguish_between_right_and_wrong.读好书能充实我们的头脑，教会我们分辨是非。2 convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.(P20)它们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里去了。(1)It is convenient for sb.to do sth.做某事对某人来说是方便的be convenient to 对很方便
18、(2)convenience n.方便；便利；省事at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候for convenience 为了方便2014天津高考The car is a convenient means of transport,but we have made it our way of life.汽车是一种方便的交通方式，但是，我们已经使之成为了我们的生活方式。2015陕西高考If you are interested,please send an application e-mail at your earliest convenience to Ms Chen at
19、chenlaoshi .如果您感兴趣的话，请尽快在您方便时将申请书以电子邮件形式发送给陈女士，网址为 chenlaoshi .。Come and see me whenever it_is_convenient_to_you.只要你方便，随时过来看我。3 bear vt.忍受；忍耐；带有；显示(标记或特征)I cant bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.(P24)我无法忍受烧烤架上香肠的焦糊味。(1)cant bear to do sth./doing sth.不能忍受做某事(2)bear in mind that.bear/kee
20、p sth.in mind 记住(3)bear a heavy burden 肩负重担bear responsibility 承担责任2014重庆高考Therefore,we should all bear_in_mind Kurt Vonnegufs advice：“We are what we pretend to be,so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”因此，我们应牢记库尔特冯内果的名言：“我们是伪装的人，所以要小心我们的伪装”。2014浙江高考Your new neighbors may be feeling lone
21、ly and unsure,and might appreciate a friendly face bearing fresh-baked chocolate cake.你的新邻居或许正感觉孤独和不确定，可能会喜欢一张友好的面孔和新出炉的巧克力蛋糕。必背佳句He couldnt bear_being/to_be_made_fun_of like that.他不能忍受被那样嘲笑。4 expectation n预料；期待；期望This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.(P21)这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。(1)bey
22、ond/against expectation 出乎意料in expectation of 预料；期望；指望live_up_to ones expectation 不辜负某人的期望meet/come up to ones expectation 达到某人的期望(2)expect vt.&vi.期望；预料；预计expect sth./to do sth./that.期望/期望做/期望be expected to_do.被期望/应该做某事expect sb.to do.期望某人做某事2015陕西高考I am sure that I can perfectly live_up_to_ your_ex
23、pectations.我相信我能完全达到您的期望。2015湖北高考Considering this,you might expect the book to_be a dry recitation of facts.想到这些，你可能认为这本书仅是事实的枯燥的背诵。We know that Mary will do well,but she has succeeded beyond_expectation.我们知道玛丽会做得不错，但没想到她竟取得了出乎意料的成功。5 associate vt.联想；联系 associated adj.关联的；联合的Although he is most ofte
24、n associated with the invention of the telephone,he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life.(P26)虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。(1)associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.把和联系在一起；由联想到be associated with.和有关associate with sb.与某人
25、交往或打交道(2)association n.联合；联想；交往；协会；团体in association with.与合伙/合作2014江苏高考Most positive emotions are_associated_with approach behaviour:we move closer to people we like.大多数的积极情绪与亲近行为有关：我们更加靠近我们喜欢的人。牛津词典I dont like you associating_with those people.我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。Through science weve got the idea of asso
26、ciating progress with the future.通过科学我们知道，应该把未来与进步联系起来。过关演练单句语法填空在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式12015课标全国卷Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear _(let)it happen again.22014重庆高考The elephant _(seize)a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.3Its not easy for experts to distinguish this kind of fl
27、u in humans _ regular human seasonal influenza.解析 cant bear to do.“不能忍受做”。to let解析 句意：大象抓住了附近的一个树枝然后放到嘴里。由 and 连接并列谓语动词 put 可知此处也应用一般过去时，故填 seized。seized 解析 distinguish.from.“把和区分开”。from42015陕西高考The host is put in an unpleasant situation and this man seldom thinks of the _(convenient)caused to all t
28、he waiters,the management staff,etc.5She _(tap)me on the shoulder but I didnt feel it.62013天津高考Grandmas happiness came from modest _(expect)of life.72014安徽高考Some people say that classical music _(associate)only with old people.解析 句意：主人被置于一个不愉快的处境中并且这个人很少考虑到给全体服务员和管理人员等带来的不便。由句意及空前的 the 一词可知此处应填名词 in
29、convenience“不便；麻烦”。inconvenience解析 由提示词 didnt 可知空处也应用一般过去时，应填 tapped。tapped解析 句意：祖母的幸福感来自于对生活的不太高的期望值。由句意可知应用名词形式。expectations解析 句意：一些人说古典音乐只与老人有关联。be associated with“和有关”。is associated 8In the meeting,he put forward _(practice)suggestions.9We can only hope the court is _(mercy)10At last she interru
30、pted _(abrupt)what he was saying.解析 修饰名词 suggestion 应用形容词 practical，意为“实际的；实用的”。practical 解析 由空前 is 可知应用形容词形式 merciful“宽大的；仁慈的”。merciful 解析 句意：最后她突然打断了他的话。修饰动词应使用副词形式。abruptly1 call up 给打电话；使回忆起When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.(P20)我给住在乡下的母亲打电话时，她感到很心
31、烦。(1)call at 拜访(某个地点)call off 取消；停止call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召call for 呼吁；需求，需要；去接(某人)call out 大声地说出；召唤某人(2)ring/call back 回复电话ring off/hang up 挂断电话give sb.a ring/call 给某人打电话(3)hang/hold on 不挂断电话The picture called_up memories of her childhood.这张照片唤起了她童年的记忆。2014湖南高考Janda argues that education is the key.S
32、he calls_for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their behaviour in them.扬达认为教育是关键，她呼吁有一个集中的项目去教给人们关于这些建筑以及他们在其中的行为。2014福建高考But when they passed the tomb of Clinderellas mother,the birds called_out to the prince.但是当他们经过灰姑娘母亲的墓时，这些鸟大声地向王子叫喊。2 get through 接通电话；做完；用完；通过；完成I cant get
33、 through.(P26)我接不通电话。(1)get(sth.)across(to sb.)(使某事)传播或为(某人)理解get along with sb.与某人相处；进展get away with sth.携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚get down to sth./doing sth.开始做某事；认真处理某事get over 克服(困难)；从中恢复过来(2)go through 经历，检查look through 浏览；仔细查看live through 活过；经过之后仍然活着2014湖北高考Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening,but
34、there must be something wrong with the net work.I cant seem to get_through.整个晚上，我一直试图给查尔斯打电话，但肯定线路出问题了，我就是打不通。牛津词典Hes not very good at getting his ideas across.他不太善于清楚地表达自己的思想。It was his warmth and care that helped me get_through the hard time.是他的温暖和关心帮我渡过了那段艰难的日子。过关演练选词填空set about；dive into；get rid
35、 of；hang on；call on；ring off；set out；out of order 1We _ a coffee shop to avoid the rain.22015湖南高考The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to _ the street dirt.32013天津高考They _ people and the government to take measures to fight against it.4Im sorry,but Ive to _ now.I have a train to catch
36、.dived intoget rid ofcall onring off52013江西高考In recent years,Nepal _ to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education.6He was overlooked when they _ choosing a new manager.7My clock was _ and woke me up at 3 this morning.8_ at your present job until you can get another.set ou
37、tset aboutout of orderHang on1 .but it_was_not_until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.(P25)但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。该句为强调句型。句式结构为 It is/wasnot until.that其他，意为“直到才”。(1)在 not.until.的强调句结构中，只用 until，不用 till。但如果不是用在强调句型中，till 与 until 可通用。另外主句中的否定词 not 要
38、提出来，放在 until 之前一起强调，因此 that 后面的从句要用肯定句，不能再用否定句。(2)not until 位于句首时，主句要用倒装语序，构成“not until 从句助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”结构。语境助记2015重庆高考Bach died in 1750,but it_was_not_until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.Bach 死于 1750 年，但是直到 19 世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全认可。2013天津高考It_was_not_until near the e
39、nd of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.直到快接近信的结尾处她才提到了自己的计划。Not_until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。过关演练.单句语法填空在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式1It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.22013湖南高考It was not until I came here _ I
40、realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.32013福建高考Not until he went through real hardship _(realize)the love we have for our families is important.解析 该句为强调句型，由该句型结构可知应填 that。that 解析 考查强调句型。that解析 not until 位于句首时，主句需部分倒装，再结合空前 went 一词可知应用过去式，填 did he realize。did he
41、realize4Not until next week _ the sports meet be held.5It was not _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.解析 由时间状语 next week 可知应用一般将来时，应填 will。will解析 考查 not until 的强调句型，由其句型结构可知应填 until 和 that。untilthat.句型转换I didnt recognize him until he took off his glasses._
42、(改为强调句)_(改为倒装句)It was not until he took off his glasses that I recog-nized him.Not until he took off his glasses did I recognize him.复习过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语过去分词作定语1及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示与所修饰的名词构成被动和完成的关系。这时，相当于一个定语从句。The meeting,which was attended by a lot of people,was a success.(用分词改写)The meeting,attended by
43、a lot of people,was a success.2有些不及物动词的过去分词(只限于单个分词，且不能后置)也可作定语，此时只表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被动”的意义。We drank some boiled(boil)water and went on with our work.过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。When hearing of it,we were deeply moved(move)过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾补，与前面的宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。1过去分词可作表示感觉或心理状态的动词的宾语补足语，这类动
44、词有 see,hear,watch,notice，observe,feel,find,think,consider 等。She felt a great weight taken(take)off her mind.2过去分词可作使役动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有 make,have,get,keep,leave 等。We will keep you informed(inform)of whatever happens.3过去分词可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有 want,like,wish,expect 等。He wont like such questions dis
45、cussed(discuss)at the meeting.4过去分词用在“with宾语宾补”结构中。The thief was brought in,with his hands tied(tie)behind his back.过关演练单句语法填空用括号内单词的正确形式填空12015福建高考Teams of four,_(dress)in a variety of strange and funny clothes,roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course.22014四川高考The manager was satisfied to see
46、 many new products _(develop)after great effort.3It is believed that the novel is well _(write)解析 考查 be dressed in 的用法。Teams of four 与 dress 为被动关系，且作定语，故用 dressed。dressed解析 develop 与 new products 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。developed解析 考查过去分词作表语。the novel 与 write 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。written4Most of the people _(invite)to the conference were my old friends.52013北京高考When we saw the road _(block)with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.解析 Most of the people 与 invite 为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。invited解析 the road 与 block 为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。blocked
