1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists课时素养检测二Unit 1Period 2. 阅读理解ALooking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music
2、 and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths. I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear me
3、mory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects. I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while readin
4、g about other peoples observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honour with the title of scientific research. But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory an
5、d enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self-discipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A natura
6、list is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds. 【语篇概述】本文作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理: 博物学家是天生的, 而科学家则是可以后天培养的。1. What impressed the author deeply during his childhood? A. Wildlife. B. Music. C. Languages. D. Literature. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of th
7、e dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects. ”可知, 作者在童年时, 印象深刻的是那些野生生物。2. Why cant the author remember his relatives clearly? A. He didnt live with them for long. B. The family was extremely large. C. He was fully occupied with observing nature. D. He was too young when he l
8、ived with them. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects. ”可推知, 作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意, 所以没有深刻的印象, 这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼应。 3. According to the author, what personality sh
9、ould a born naturalist have first of all? A. Being knowledgeable. B. Being self-disciplined. C. Being full of ambition. D. Being full of enthusiasm. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investiga
10、tions. ”可知, 作者从小热爱自然界, 而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查, 成了一个博物学家。由此可推知, 一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情。 4. Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist? A. He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist. B. He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic. C. He thinks he comes up with solutions i
11、n a most natural way. D. He thinks he just reads about other peoples observations. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a qualit
12、y I lack. ”可知, 作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质。 BA list of Benjamin Franklins inventions reveals a man of many talents and interests. His natural curiosity about things and the way they work made him try to find ways to make them work better. Ben had poor vision and needed glasses to read. H
13、e got tired of constantly taking them off and putting them back on, so he decided to figure out how his glasses would let him see both near and far. He had two pairs of glasses cut in half and put half of each lens(镜片)in a single frame. Today, we call them bifocals(双光眼镜). Everyone knows the story of
14、 Bens famous kite flight. Although he made important discoveries and advancements, Ben did not “invent”the electricity. He did, however, invent the lightning rod which protects buildings and ships from lightning. In colonial America, most people warmed their homes by building a fire in a fireplace e
15、ven though it was dangerous and used a lot of wood. Ben figured that there had to be a better way. His invention of an iron furnace stove allowed people to warm their homes less dangerously and with less wood. The furnace stove that he invented is called the Franklin Stove. Interestingly enough, Ben
16、 also established the first fire company and the first fire insurance company in order to help people live more safely. As a postmaster, Ben had to figure out routes for delivering the mail. He went out riding in his carriage to measure the routes and needed a way to keep track of the distance. He i
17、nvented a simple odometer(里程表)and attached it to his carriage. Later, other famous inventors, like Tomas A. Edison and Alexander Graham Bell, followed in Bens footsteps by trying to find ways to help people live better. 【语篇概述】本文主要讲述了本杰明富兰克林的一系列的实用发明物。5. How many things invented by Benjamin Franklin
18、are mentioned in the passage? A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。本文从上至下讲述了本杰明富兰克林的发明有: 双光眼镜、避雷针、铁皮炉子和里程表四种。6. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Franklin invented the bifocals because of his poor vision. B. Franklin invented the odometer to make his riding easie
19、r. C. Franklin first invented the electricity and then the lightning rod. D. Franklin invented the odometer when he worked in a post office. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的叙述可知, 富兰克林在邮局工作时, 发明了一个简单的里程表, 并把它装在了他送邮件的车上。7. What characteristic did Franklin, Edison and Bell have in common? A. They had a strong des
20、ire to make life better. B. They were excellent students at school. C. They were born in the same age. D. They made peoples life simple. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“by trying to find ways to help people live better”可推知, 这些科学家们都有强烈的使人们的生活更加美好的愿望。8. What would be the best title for this passage? A. The life
21、of Benjamin FranklinB. Benjamin Franklin, a great inventorC. A man of many talents and interestsD. How to help people live better【解析】选B。主旨大意题。全文讲述了本杰明富兰克林从生活的实际出发, 发明了一系列有利于自己、有利于他人的实用物品。【技法导练】确定主题句, 巧解主旨大意题一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括, 这个句子叫主题句。一般说来说明文和议论文都有主题句, 而且多位于文章的开头, 有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能
22、在文章中直接找到主题句, 要在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容, 具有高度的综合性和概括性, 文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。例如B篇阅读理解第8题是一个主旨大意题。文章的第一句“A list of Benjamin Franklins inventions reveals a man of many talents and interests. ”就是本篇文章的主题句。由此引出下文, 讲述了本杰明富兰克林从生活的实际出发, 发明了一系列有利于自己、有利于他人的实用物品。. 完形填空Ive always lo
23、ved reading. As a child, Id hide a book and a torch(手电筒) under my pillow. And I 1 telling a friend Id write a novel one day. I was 2 in Liverpool, and the teachers thought it would be 3 for students of science to find a good job. So I went to do science and got a degree in physiology. I became a med
24、ical writer later, but it wasnt what I had expected. Then I was a 4 for 19 years: I needed to be with my two boys. As they got 5, things changed. I did English A-level when my youngest son went to school, but still felt something was 6. Ten years ago, my elder son was doing his A-levels and my young
25、er son did well in GCSE, and they were both receiving further education 7. My husband had become a great lawyer, but I was just driving the kids to training, and washing their 8 sports clothes. I felt as if my mental life had 9. It really was a light bulb moment: I woke up one morning and sat up. I
26、thought, “My husband and children are all doing what they 10. Ive looked after them for all these years, and I 11 want to do what I want. Im going to 12 today. ” Thats it. Aged 58, I published my first book, Obsession, which is one of surprise hits. I moved on, 13 about the good way to improve my wr
27、iting skills. My next big step was going on a writing 14 in London to learn more about how to do it well. Now, my second book Guilt has 15. If I can do it, maybe anyone can. If youve gotten good imagination and ideas, give it a go. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己在50多岁时开始文学创作之路的经历告诉我们: 只要有想象力, 有思想, 就应该付诸行动。1.
28、A. remember B. forgetC. enjoy D. risk【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据前文作者喜欢读书可推断作者记得曾经给人说过要写一本小说。2. A. taken awayB. turned down C. called onD. brought up【解析】选D。短语辨析题。这里是讲述小时候的事情, 所以是说作者在利物浦被养大。take away“带走; 拿走”; turn down“拒绝”; call on“号召”; bring up“抚育; 养育”。3. A. more challengingB. luckier C. more skillfulD. easier【解
29、析】选D。上下文语境题。根据下文I went to do science and got a degree in physiology可知, 老师认为学理科更容易找一份好工作。4. A. housewifeB. writerC. teacherD. guide【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据下文“needed to be with my two boys”及“looked after them for all these years”可知, 作者当了19年的主妇。5. A. brighterB. kinderC. olderD. happier【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。儿子们长大一些的时候, 情
30、况发生了变化。6. A. leavingB. warningC. showingD. missing【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据上文I did English A-level和下文but一词可推断作者总感觉生活中缺少点什么。7. A. hopefullyB. carefullyC. gratefullyD. meaningfully【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。两个儿子在考试中表现都不错, 所以都很有希望继续接受教育。8. A. fashionableB. smelly C. beautifulD. ordinary【解析】选B。上下文语境题。根据语境可知, 作者送孩子去训练, 还要给他们洗有臭
31、味的运动服。9. A. advancedB. liedC. doubledD. stopped【解析】选D。上下文语境题。作者一直在照顾家人, 因此感觉自己的精神生活好像停止了。10. A. doubtB. controlC. wantD. get【解析】选C。上下文语境题。根据下文“to do what I want”可知, 孩子和丈夫都做着他们自己想做的事情。11. A. hardlyB. reallyC. slowlyD. probably【解析】选B。背景常识题。想做的事通常是自己真正喜欢的事。12. A. quitB. waitC. avoidD. start【解析】选D。逻辑推理题
32、。根据today一词可推断作者下定决心, 今天就开始行动。13. A. thinkingB. talkingC. worryingD. arguing【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据语境可知, 作者继续前行, 思考提高写作技巧的方法。14. A. partyB. serviceC. courseD. comment【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据下文“to learn more about how to do it well”可知, 作者为了写作参加了一门写作课程。15. A. broken offB. come outC. fallen behindD. taken off【解析】选B。短语辨析
33、题。根据语境可知, 作者的第二本书出版了。break off“中断; 断裂”; come out“出版”; fall behind“落后”; take off“脱下; 起飞”。所以选B。语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Stephen Hawking, who tried 1. (explain) some of the most complicated questions of life while himself working under the shadow of a poor physical condition, has died at th
34、e age of 76. He died 2. (peace) at his home in Cambridge in the early hours of Wednesday. The UKs Press Association reported his 3. (die), citing (引用)a spokesman for the family. “Mr Hawking and his contribution will be remembered forever, ” Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang said on Wednesday. “He w
35、as an outstanding scientist and a fighter who struggled against the disease and contributed greatly 4. mankinds understanding of science. ”5. (bear) in Oxford, England on January 8, 1942, the British theoretical physicist 6. (know) for his groundbreaking work with black holes and relativity, and was
36、 the author of several popular science books, 7. (include)A Brief History of Time. His 8. (child), Lucy, Robert and Tim, said: “We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today. He was a great scientist and 9. extraordinary man, 10. work and legacy(遗产)will live on for many years. ” T
37、hey praised his courage and persistence and said his talent and humor inspired people across the world. 【语篇概述】本文为人物传记, 主要对伟大的物理学家霍金进行了简单的介绍。1. 【解析】to explain。考查固定搭配。try to do sth. 为固定搭配, 意为“尽力做某事, 试图做某事”。 2. 【解析】peacefully。考查副词。句意: 星期三凌晨他在剑桥的家里平静地死去。此处在句中修饰动词died, 修饰动词要用副词。3. 【解析】death。考查名词。前面有形容词hi
38、s修饰, 所以要用名词形式death。4. 【解析】to。考查固定搭配。句意: 他是一位杰出的科学家和战士, 他奋力抗击疾病, 极大地促进了人类对科学的认识。contribute to为固定搭配, 意为“促进, 有助于”。5. 【解析】Born。考查固定搭配。be born in 为固定搭配, 意为“出生于”。放在句首, 省去be动词。 6. 【解析】was known。考查固定搭配。 be known for. . . 为固定搭配, 意为“因出名”。霍金已经去世, 所以要用一般过去时。7. 【解析】including。考查介词。此处 including用作介词, 意为“其中包括”。 8. 【解析】children。考查名词复数。分析本句可知, 他有三个孩子, 所以填child的复数形式children。9. 【解析】an。考查冠词。句意: 他是一位伟大的科学家, 他是一个了不起的人。extraordinary 以元音音素开头, 所以填an。 10. 【解析】whose。考查定语从句。分析本句可知an extraordinary man是先行词, 空格处在从句中作定语, 修饰work and legacy, 所以填whose。
