1、Section Grammar 过去分词(短语)作状语语法图解探究发现Now once taught by me,shed become an upper class lady.But,sir,(proudly)once educated to speak properly,that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party.Although wounded all over,the brave soldiers continued to fight.Lost
2、in the forest,you should first of all remain where you are,waiting for help to come.Seriously injured,he had to be taken to hospital.Followed by his wolf-dog,the hunter walked slowly in the forest.He was found lying on the ground,his hands tied.我的发现(1)句中的过去分词分别在句中作状语、状语、状语、状语、状语和状语。(2)过去分词表示或的动作。作状语
3、时，可以单独使用，如句、句、句；也可以在其前面加上适当的，如句、句和句。(3)过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，如果不一致，我们常在过去分词前加上其逻辑主语，构成，如句。条件条件让步时间原因方式被动已经完成连词独立主格结构过去分词作状语可以在句子中表示条件、原因、时间、伴随、方式、让步等。1作时间状语，可以转换为 when,while 或 after 等引导的状语从句。When completed(When it is completed),the library will be open to the public next year.图书馆修建完工后，将于明年向公众开放。一、过去
4、分词作状语的句法功能Having been shown around(After we were shown around)the library,we came to the classroom building.参观了图书馆后，我们来到了教学楼前。2作条件状语，可以转换为 if,once 或 unless 等引导的状语从句。United(If we are united),we will stand;divided(if we are divided),we will fall.团结胜利，分裂失败。3作原因状语，可转换为 as,since 或 because 等引导的状语从句。Encour
5、aged(As he is encouraged)by the progress he had made,he works harder.由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。4作让步状语，可转换为 although,though或 even if 等引导的状语从句。Exhausted(Although we were exhausted)by the climb,we continued our journey.尽管爬山(之后)筋疲力尽，我们仍然继续我们的行程。5作方式状语，如果有连词 as if，就转换为 as if 引导的方式状语从句；若无连词则转换为并列结构。He began to
6、 cry as if bitten by a snake(as if he was bitten by a snake)他开始哭了起来，就像被蛇咬了似的。6作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。The pop star hurried up to her car,followed by her fans(and she was followed by her fans)那个明星匆忙走向自己的车，后面跟着她的粉丝。点津 过去分词作时间、条件或让步状语时，为了明确其意义有时可在分词前加上 when,while,if,once,unless,although 等连词，相当于状语从句的省略。Although
7、 published(Although the book has been published)many times,the book still sells well in the market.虽然这本书已发行过很多次，但这本书的市场销售量仍然很好。Once visited(Once the city is visited),the city will never be forgotten.一旦你参观了这个城市，你就永远不会忘记它。即时演练 1句型转换If we are united,we will make our life better.,we will make our life b
8、etter.Because she was frightened,she asked me to go with her.,she asked me to go with her.FrightenedUnitedWhen it is seen from the top of the hill,the park looks more beautiful.from the top of the hill,the park looks more beautiful.He stood there silently,and he was moved to tears.He stood there sil
9、ently,.tearsSeenmoved to过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立结构。过去分词(短语)的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。二、过去分词(短语)的独立结构The test finished,we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假了。The book written in simple English,it will be more popular.这本书如果用简易英语写的话，将会更流行。比较下面两个
10、句子中的逻辑主语：More time given,we should have done it much better.(独立主格)Given more time,we should have done it much better.(过去分词作状语)即时演练 2用独立结构完成句子_(所 有 的 人 都 坐 好 了),the speaker began to give his speech.The party will be held in the garden,_(天气允许的话)The children went home from school,_(他们一天的功课已经完成了)their l
11、essonsfinished for the dayAll the people seatedweatherpermitting点津 过去分词作状语时应注意的几个问题1过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。试比较：Moved by the story,tears came to her eyes.(F)tears 不是 move 的逻辑主语，故此句不正确。Moved by the story,she burst into tears.(T)she 是 move 的逻辑主语，且与 move 之间是被动关系。故此句正确。2有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而表示
12、状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(驻 扎);lost/absorbed in(沉溺于);born in(出身于);dressed in(穿着);tired of(厌烦)等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt notice us entering the room.因为陷于思考之中，所以他没有注意到我们进入房间。Tired of the speech,he left without saying a word.厌倦了这个演讲，他一句话没说就离开了。链接高考单句语法填空1(20
13、18北京高考改编)Ordinary soap,(use)correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.解析：句意：普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，能有效地处理细菌。分析句子结构可知，此处是条件状语从句 if it is used correctly 的省略，省略了 if it is，Ordinary soap 与 use 之间为逻辑上的被动关系。used2(2016北京高考改编)(order)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.解析：句意：这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，
14、现在有望随时到货。句中 the books 与 order 之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动，故填 Ordered。Ordered3(2015天津高考改编)(absorb)in painting,John didnt notice evening approaching.解析：句意：由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。be absorbed in“专心于”，此处用过去分词短语作原因状语。故填 Absorbed。Absorbed4(2015重庆高考改编)(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to bec
15、oming a football star.解析：句意：因为他是在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地区被抚养大的，所以他走了一段很长很艰辛的路才成为一位足球明星。句子的主语 he 和 raise 之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，过去分词短语在句中作原因状语。故填 Raised。Raised5(2015四川高考改编)Little Tom sat (amaze)watching the monkey dancing in front of him.解析：句意：小汤姆坐着吃惊地看着猴子在他前面跳舞。句中需要一个形容词化的过去分词来说明主语的状态，语法上叫做“主语补足语”。此处修饰的是人(Little Tom)，故
16、用amazed。amazed6(2015江苏高考改编)Much time (spend)sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.解析：句意：由于办公室职员在书桌前坐得太久，所以他们普遍被健康问题困扰。此处为独立主格结构，time 和 spend之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。spent.单句语法填空1(use)with care,one tin will last for six weeks.2Badly (injure)in the accident,she was sent to
17、 hospital at once.3.(catch)in a heavy rain,he was all wet.4(remind)not to hang out at midnight,the boy headed home soon.5(disappoint)at failing in the math exam,John wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.DisappointedUsedinjuredCaughtReminded演练提能6Only when (take)according to the directions can
18、 the medicine be quite effective.7(strike)by the heavy rain,the area was flooded seriously.8Why are they taking all the equipment away?The job (do),they are packing up to leave.9(lose)in thought,he almost knocked into a tree.10When first (introduce)to the market,these products enjoyed great success.
19、introducedtakenStrickendoneLost.完成句子1._,he didnt hear the sound.因为沉浸在思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。2._,the old man appeared energetic.穿着他最好的衣服，这位老人看上去精神焕发。Dressed in his best clothesAbsorbed in deep thought3._,children will feel themselves more important.如果给予更多的关注，孩子们将会感觉自己更重要一些。4._,these seeds can grow fast.如果种在
20、肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。5._,her suggestion is of great value.把所有情况考虑在内的话，她的建议很有价值。Everything consideredGiven more attentionGrown in rich soil.短文改错Travelled abroad,you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting.When you invited,it is good manners to refuse or accept an invitation,either
21、 by writing or by telephoning.If you go to the party,it is polite to reach on time.It is good manners to shake hand with your host.You can take a present if you like,possibly a bottle of wine,a box of chocolates and some flowers.However,it was not bad manners to take nothing.It is not polite to stay too late before the other guests have gone.Also,it is suggested that you write or telephone a day or two late to thank your host.答案：第一句：TravelledTravelling;wherewhich/that 或去掉 where第二句：you 后加 are;anthe第三句：reacharrive第四句：handhands第五句：andor第六句：wasis第七句：beforeafter第八句：latelater
