1、阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland, Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had received his Bachelors de
2、gree in chemical engineering from Oregon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of comp
3、lex substances. His interest in the“behavior”of molecules(分子)led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids(氨基酸), which are called the“building blocks of life”. In 1950, he constructed the first sati
4、sfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell. During World War, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of the atomic bomb near the
5、 end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures. From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bombs and supported the prevention
6、 of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界所做出的杰出贡献
7、。他是唯一一位两度独立获诺贝尔奖的科学家。1. From the first paragraph, we learn that Linus Pauling. A. didnt study hard while in Washington High SchoolB. is the only scientist who has won two Nobel PrizesC. was once badly treated in Washington High SchoolD. chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living【解析】选D。细节
8、理解题。从第一段最后一句话“He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. ”可以得出正确答案为D选项。2. Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first? A. The“behavior”of molecules. B. Physical chemistry. C. Biological chemistry. D. The human body. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。从第二段第二句话“Hi
9、s interest in thebehaviorof molecules led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. ”我们可以看出, Pauling的兴趣发生了变化, 从physical chemistry转到了biological chemistry上, 所以正确答案为B选项。3. During World War, Linus Pauling. A. had to stop his research because of the warB. made gre
10、at contributions to the safety of the countryC. joined the army to fight for the safety of the countryD. took part in researching nuclear bombs【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话“During World War, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of
11、 Merit in 1948. ”可以得出正确答案为B选项。4. The main idea of the passage is to show. A. Linus Paulings attitude towards nuclear weaponsB. Linus Paulings contributions to the worldC. Linus Paulings research on the structure of moleculesD. Linus Paulings getting the Nobel Prize for Peace【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Linus
12、 Pauling一生的成就及其对世界的贡献, 所以应该选择B选项。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfillthe duties of a full-time worker. If they
13、 each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50per cent of the jobs wages, its holidays and its other benefits.Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and
14、 employee commitment.Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed t
15、o address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carried out in 1988 by Britains Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78
16、 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower
17、 status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence.The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partne
18、rship will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be
19、well matched and must treat each other as equals.1. In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?A. Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.B. Work sharing requires more working hours.C. Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.D. Work sharing depends on the employers decision.
20、2. According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part-time work mainly because _.A. they were over ideal working ages B. they sought higher social statusC. they had difficulty finding full-time jobs D. they had to take care of both work and family3. In job sharing the
21、 partners should _. A. enjoy equal social status B. have similar work experience C.know each other very well D. keep in touch with each other4. The main purpose of the passage is to _.A. discuss how to provide more jobs B. describe job sharing in generalC.recommend job sharing to women D. compare jo
22、b sharing with work sharing 【参考答案1-4】ABCB阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 The Child Ego StateThe Child ego state is a set of behaviors, thoughts and feelings which are replayed from our own childhood.Perhaps the boss calls us into his or her office, we may immediately get a churning in our stomac
23、h and wonder what we have done wrong. If this were explored we might remember the time the head teacher called us in to tell us off. Of course, not everything in the Child ego state is negative. We might go into someones house and smell a lovely smell and remember our grandmothers house when we were
24、 little, and all the same warm feelings we had at six years of age may come flooding back.The Child ego states are constantly being updated. For example, we may meet someone who gives us the permission we needed as a child, and did not get, to be fun and joyous. We may well use that person in our im
25、agination when we are stressed to resist our old ways of thinking that we must work longer and longer hours to keep up with everything. We might ask ourselves “I wonder what X would say now.” Then on hearing the new permissions to relax and take some time out, do just that and then return to the wor
26、k renewed and ready for the challenge. Afterwards, rather than blaming ourselves for what we did or did not do, what tends to happen is that we automatically start to give ourselves new permissions and take care of ourselves.Alternatively, we might have had an extremely unpleasant experience yesterd
27、ay which goes into the Child ego state as an antique memory that stands in the way of our growth. Positive experiences will also go into the Child ego state as antique memories. The positive experiences can then be drawn on to remind us that positive things do happen. The process of analyzing person
28、ality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis. It is important to remember that ego states do not have an existence of their own. They are concepts to enable understanding. Therefore it is important to say “I want some fun” rather than “My Child wants some fun.” We may be in our Child e
29、go state when we say this, but saying “I” reminds us to take responsibility for our actions. 1. The writer uses two examples in Paragraph 2 in order to _.A. support the idea in Paragraph 1 B. explain why we become nervous C. prove the Child ego state is negative D. introduce the point of Paragraph 3
30、 2. By asking “I wonder what X would say now”, we intend to _. A. blame ourselves B. accept challenges C. keep up with everything D. avoid stress 3. According to the passage, the Child ego state _. A. shows ones wisdom B. influences ones actions C. limits ones thoughts D. exists in ones childhood4.
31、The underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refers to _. A. structural analysis B. “My Child wants some fun” C. the Child ego state D. “I want some fun”【参考答案1-4】ADBD 【2014高考英语吉林省长春市调研试题】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假设英语课上老师要求同桌之间交換修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中 共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误。错误涉及一个单词的増加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加
32、一个漏字符号（),并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。My uncle was the biology professor. When I was young he was used to take me to the biology lab, when I saw pigs, cats and other animals. My uncle also influenced me through nature walks. H
33、e often takes me for a walk in the backyard. We would catch frogs and snake, and find fireflies in the sky. He seemed know everything about wildlife. Eighteen years later, think about my uncle and her influence on my life, I feel very lucky. I am grateful that I got the chance to learn for him. He h
34、elped me develop my interest in all that was alive and sometimes death around me.【参考答案】短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）【语篇解读】 我在叔叔的影响下，爱上了生物这个学科，并对如何看待周围的世界产生了新的认识。1. 【命题立意】 考查冠词的用法。【试题解析】 此处第一次提到叔叔是个生物学教授，因此，用不定冠词a。2. 【命题立意】 考查含有used的短语区别。【试题解析】 used to表示“过去曾经”，而“be used to do sth”则表示“被 用来做某事”。因此，去掉was。3.
35、【命题立意】 考查定语从句关系词用法。【试题解析】 定语从句缺状语，先行词为lab，因此用where引导定语从句。4. 【命题立意】 考查学生对时态的掌握。【试题解析】 文章是讲述的过去的事情。因此，用took替换takes。5. 【命题立意】 考查考生对名词单复数的用法的掌握情况。 【试题解析】 根据上文frogs,又snake是可数名词，故snake改为snakes。6. 【命题立意】 考查考生对seem用法的掌握情况。【试题解析】 seem to do something 是固定搭配。因此，在seem后面加to。7. 【命题立意】 考查非谓语动词的的用法。【试题解析】 现在分词作状语，t
36、hink改为thinking。8. 【命题立意】 考查考生对物主代词用法的掌握情况。 【试题解析】 此处用his表示男性“叔叔的”。因此，将her改为his。9. 【命题立意】 考查考生对介词用法的掌握情况。【试题解析】 learn sth. from sb.指的是 “从某人身上学到某事”。10.【命题立意】 考查名词和形容词的用法及拼写。【试题解析】 此处需要形容词作表语。故改death 为dead。【正确答案】 My uncle was a biology professor. When I was young he was used to take me theto the biolog
37、y lab, when I saw pigs, cats and other animals. My uncle also influenced me wherethrough nature walks. He often takes me for a walk in the backyard. We would catch frogs and tooksnake, and find fireflies in the sky. He seemedknow everything about wildlife. Eighteen yearssnakes tolater, think about my uncle and her influence on my life, I feel very lucky. I am grateful that I thinking his got the chance to learn for him. He helped me develop my interest in all that was alive and fromsometimes death around me. dead
