1、主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。考点一、语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。1动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。例：All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。What he said is far from the truth.他的话与事实相差太
2、远了。2主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。例：The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师一样去年得到了一次出国的机会。I think Tom, rather
3、 than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。3and, both.and.连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。例：Her teacher and her friends are in the sittingroom.她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。The poet and writer has produced many works.这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。4定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。例：My
4、friend showed me around the town, which was very kind of him.我的朋友真是太好了，他带我参观了这个小镇。5“many a/more than one单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。例：Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party
5、 held on Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。考点二意义一致原则意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。1集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。例：The whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls, were told to sta
6、y behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday.这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成，昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会。注意：形式为单数但意义为复数概念的集合名词(如people, police等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 2“分数/百分数/the majorityof名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。例：About one third of the books
7、are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。3“the形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例：The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。4a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。qua
8、ntities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。例：A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.大量的时间被浪费在了这个项目上。5“a number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例：The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were abs
9、ent for different reasons.收到邀请的总共有100人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。6表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。例：Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。考点三就近一致原则就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。1由or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but (also)., not.but.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致
10、。例：Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons.不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。2在there be句型中，若有n个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。例：There are three books and
11、 a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。答题技巧点拨：正确判断主谓一致分析句子成分，找准句子主语，判断句子主语是单数还是复数。再根据主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则及就近一致原则判断谓语动词的单复数。例：The famous musician, as well as his students, (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.分析was invited主语后还有as well as 连接的成分时，谓语动词应和主语保持人称和数的一致，故谓语动
12、词应与The famous musician在数上保持一致，故用第三人称单数形式；且musician与invite之间为被动关系，再根据句中标志词at the opening ceremony.Expo可知，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was invited。I.单句语法填空 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. Each student _(learn) a foreign language, mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education.2. He has donated some money to those who
13、 live in poverty，which _(be) of great help.3. At the foot of the mountain _(lie) an old village which has a beautiful view. 4. The publication of Great Expectations，which_(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.5. She took the lift to the eleven
14、th floor，and the secretary showed her where her desk and her computer _(be).6. What they need most_(be) money while what we need most _(be) textbooks. 7. More than one doctor _(be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.8. Professor James will give us a lecture on Western cultur
15、e，and he as well as his assistants _ (be) to arrive by air.9. A survey of the opinions of experts _(show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _(be) good for ones health.10. There _(be) a dog and three ducks in the yard，in the middle of which _(be) two tall trees with great shade.11. The trad
16、itional Chinese marriage usually _(involve)some necessary procedures such as match-making，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows.12. Neither In or Amy _(be) to attend the business conference if we are busy.13. A red rose， rather than yellow roses，_(act) as the traditional romantic gift given to
17、 your love on Valentines Day.14. Furthermore，the amount of sleep _(change) greatly over the past 15 years.15. That way you can find articles just about anything that _(be) related to the science fields you are interested in.16. Having traveled from China through Russia，Poland，Germany and France for
18、18 days， the train finally arrived in London.Inside the 68 containers _(be)household goods，clothing， cloth，bags and suitcases.17. In general，preparing for new debate topics usually _(include) brainstorming arguments， researching a resolution(解决) ，and doing debate practice.18. Now，just in front of th
19、e house_(stand) at all tree with a history of 100yeats.单句改错 1. One afternoon in February，my classmates and I was on the way to the cine-ma when the accident happened.2. There was many tasks I had to finish. Besides, I attended English and Math training classes because of my weaknesses in the two sub
20、jects.3. About one thousand graduates took exams for it，but only a few was chosen and I was one of them.4. Its said that not getting enough sleep lead to poor judgement，lack of creativity，and even depression.5. Then a foreigner and the boss was having a conversation，but the boss didnt know what the
21、foreigner said.6. As the saying go，“United west and； divided we fall.”7. She is one of the students who has passed the exams.8. Last month，the family as well as their dog，was trapped on the roof by the flood. 主谓一致语篇填空用括号内单词的正确形式填空。I have two sons，Tom and Mike. Both _l_(be) fond of playing football，b
22、ut neither Tom nor Mike _2_(care) for swimming because they are afraid of water.Recently Tom，as well as his friends_3_(set) up a club of their own，where many a student_4_(play) chess after school.The number of the students going there_5_(increase) day by day and a large number of students_6_(be) kee
23、n on playing games there. A poet and writer_7_(be) to deliver a lecture next Sunday. Quantities of money_8_(collect) for the victims in the storm at present，Not only Tom but also Mike_9_(play) an important role in the activity. Each boy and girl belonging to the club_10_(be) in favour of this activi
24、ty.I.单句语法填空1.learns主语是each student， 故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。2.is句意：他给那些生活贫困的人捐了一些钱，这帮了大忙。.which引导非限制性定语从句， 在从句中作主语，指代前面主句的内容，故从句谓语动词应用单数：根据空前的has donated可知此处应用一般现在时。故填is。3.lies当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分which has a beautiful view后.还原成正常语序为：An old village (lie) at the foot of the mountain.。句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古
25、老小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断， 此处应用一般现在时， 故填lies。4.was句意：受到广泛好评和高度称赞的远大前程的出版巩固了狄更斯作为一名杰出小说家的地位。分析句子结构可知， which引导定语从句，其先行词是Great Ez pectations， 这是一本书，所以定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，另根据strengthened可知， 此处应用一般过去时，故用was。5.were在where引导的宾语从句中，主语是her desk and her computer，谓语动词须用复数形式。6.is；are what引导的从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分是系表结构，主句谓语动词的数通常要与作表
26、语的名词/代词的数保持一致， money为不可数名词，textbooks为可数名词复数， 故第一空用is， 第二空用are，7.was句意；许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。“more than one+可数名词单数”作主语时， 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据从句用一般过去时可知， 主句也应用一般过去时。故填was。8.is句意：詹姆斯教授将给我们做一次关于西方文化的演讲， 他和他的助理将乘飞机到达。as well as连接并列成分时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面主语保持一致。9.shows ；is 解析主句主语是A survey， 故主句谓语用单数， 第一空填shows； 第二空前的th
27、ree hours of outdoor exercise a week 表示整体概念，故从句谓语动词用单数形式。10.is；are解析：在there be句式中，谓语动词的数取决于最靠近be的名词(短语) ，由题干中的a dog可知，第一空用is。第二空用are，two tall trees with great shade表示复数概念，作表语的介词短语提前构成了倒装。1l.involves考查主谓一致。根据该句中的usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语The traditional Chinese marriage为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式。12.is
28、句意：如果我们忙的话，我和埃米就都不去参加商务会议了。neither.nor.连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与最近的名词或代词保持一致。设空处的单复数形式应与Amy一致， 根据从句的时态可知应用一般现在时。故填is，13.acts考查时态及主谓一致。本段描述的都是客观情况, 故应用一般现在时；句子的主语是A red rose， 而不是rather than后的yellow roses， 所以谓语动词应该用单数形式，故填acts。14.has changed考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“over the past 15 years”可知， 此处应用现在完成时，且该句的主语是“
29、the amount of sleep”， 故谓语动词用单数形式。15.is解析：关系代词that指代的是先行词anything，并在从句中作主语，再结合全文的时态可知，应填is。16.were考查时态和主谓一致。由上文可知本段描述过去一件事情，故应用过去时， Inside the 68con-tainers.为介词位于句首的倒装句， 主语为house-hold goods， clothing， cloth， bags and suitcases，故应用复数形式。17.includes句中主语为preparing for new debate topics， 是动名词短语， 故谓语动词用第三人
30、称单数形式。18.stands句意：现在，就在这座房子前面耸立着一棵有100年历史的大树。表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词，后面的主语、谓语部分需用全部倒装形式；根据时间状语Now可推知设空处需用一般现在时；本句主语为单数第三人称，故填stands。.单句改错1.waswere本句主语为“my classmates and I”, 谓语动词应使用复数形式。2.waswere考查there be.句型的主谓一致。be动词的单复数取决于后面紧邻的主语的单复数，此处主语为复数，be动词应用复数，故将was改为were。3.第一个was-r were根据主语only a few可知，谓语动词用
31、复数形式。4.leadleads从句中主语not getting enough sleep是动名词结构，谓语动词应用单数形式，根据主句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，所以填leads。5.waswere句子的主语a foreigner and the boss是两个人，故was改为were。6.gogoes句子的主语the saying是单数, 谓语应用第三人称单数, 故go改为goes。7.hashave先行词为the students, 而非one, 关系代词who在从句中作主语， 其谓语动词的数与先行词the students保持一致，故has改为have。8.waswere as we
32、ll as连接两个并列成分, 谓语动词的数与as well as前的主语保持一致， 此处the family指一家人，故谓语动词用复数形式。.短文语法填空【语篇解读】本文主要讲了作者的两个儿子开设自己社团的故事。1.are 解析：both作主语，谓语动词用复数。2.cares neither.nor.作主语, 谓语动词采用就近一致原则。3.has set 解析：as well as连接并列主语， 谓语动词采用就前一致原则。由recently可知， 用现在完成时。4.plays 解析：many a十单数名词作主语， 谓语动词用单数形式。5.is increasing 解析：the number of.作主语， 谓语动词用单数形式。6.area 解析： number of.作主语， 谓语动词用复数形式。7.is两个名词共用一个冠词，指一人身兼两职，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式8.are being collected解析： quantities of.作主语， 谓语动词用复数形式。9.plays 解析：not onlybut also.作主语， 谓语动词采用就近一致原则。10.is 解析：each十单数名词and(each) +单数名词， 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
