1、北京市第四中学2020-2021学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）（试卷满分150分 考试时间120分钟）第一卷（四部分，共95分）第一部分：听力理解（共四节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。1. How did the man come to meet the woman?A. On foot. B. By bike. C. By bus.2. What was the man not satisfied
2、with?A. The sound quality. B. Their seats. C. The technical problems.3. When can the man make the appointment?A. On Monday afternoon.B. On Tuesday morning.C. On Tuesday afternoon.4. What does the man advise the woman to do?A. Take good care of the watch.BBuy a new watch.C. Fix the watch elsewhere.5.
3、 What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.A course. B.A teacher. C. Homework.第二节（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）听下面两段对话，每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。听第一段对话，回答第6至7题。6. What did Sarah learn?A. Forest fires. B. Droughts. C. The Poles and water levels.7. According to Max, what is the most important s
4、tep towards a better future?A. Education. B. Science. C. History.听第二段对话，回答第8至10题。8. How many people has Kangs uncle rescued?A. Over one hundred.B. More than five hundred.C. Between fifty and one hundred.9. What three things does Kang say about being a firefighter?A. It is dangerous; it requires brav
5、ery and it is low paid.B. It is dangerous; the hours are long and it requires bravery.C. It is stressful, dangerous and the hours are long.10. Whose biggest goal is to be a firefighter?A. Sarah. B. Junjie. C. Kang.第三节（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）听下面文章，文章后有五道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。这篇文章你将听一遍。听文章前，你将有30秒钟的时间阅读试题
6、。11. Gray wolves were basically eliminated（消失）in the Yellowstone Park area in _A. the 1970s B. the 1950s C. the 1920s12. What resulted in the destruction of vast amounts of grass and trees?A.A dramatic increase in the elk populationB.A dramatic decrease in the elk population.C.A dramatic increase in
7、 the top predators.13. Some people believe that rewilding methods can be _ planting trees.A. as difficult as B. more difficult than C.as basic as14. Where have cheetah and lion restoration programs proven very successful?A. In various places around the world.B. In regions of southern Africa.C. In so
8、me European countries.15. Why did herds of European bison become extinct in the wild?A. Because they were hunted for food and sport.B. Because a captive breeding program was set up.C. Because the land was being transformed for the better.第四节（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有30秒钟
9、的时间阅读试题，听完后，你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。Purchase FormCustomers nameJames 16Telephone No.845279ItemA digital 17. _Price18. _dollarsContentsThe batteries, the 19. _ card and everythingGuaranteeTo repair it for free within six monthsPaying MethodBy 20_第二部分:英语知识运用 (共两节,满分 35分)第一节 单项填空 (共 20小题，每小题1分，满分20分)从 A
10、、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。1. When asked about the companys future, the director _ that he remained optimistic.A. respondedB. masteredC. composedD. performed【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问及公司的未来时，这位负责人回答说他仍然很乐观。A. responded 回应，回答；B. mastered 精通，掌握；C. composed 组成；D. performed 执行，演出。根据句意，可知当别
11、人问公司的未来，负责人回答，回应，故选A。2. She mentally _ herself top marks for staying cool under pressure.A. appreciatedB. awardedC. advocatedD. admired【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意： 她暗自为自己能在压力之下保持冷静打了最高分。A. appreciated 欣赏；感激；B. awarded 判给；奖励；C. advocated 拥护；支持；D. admired 钦佩；赞赏。根据句意可知，此处表示她在压力下保持冷静，所以暗自用最高分奖励她自己，短语award
12、sb. sth.“奖励某人某物”。故选B。3. Singers performing Mozarts operas often dress in historical _.A. costumesB. customsC. componentsD. comments【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：表演莫扎特歌剧的歌手经常穿着古代服装。A. costumes 戏装；服装；B. customs 风俗；习惯；C. components 组成部分；D. comments 评论。根据句意，可知此句表示，表演戏剧的歌手，穿着古代的服装，故选A。4. This is a highly _ ta
13、sk, and we must find someone capable to take charge of it.A. concernedB. curiousC. confirmedD. complex【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：这是一项非常复杂的任务，我们必须找到有能力负责它的人。A. concerned关心的；B. curious好奇的；C. confirmed坚定的；D. complex复杂的。根据“find someone capable to take charge of it.”可知任务比较复杂，不好解决。故选D。5. There is current
14、ly no effective vaccine _ malaria.A. againstB. inC. withD. of【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查介词辨析。句意：目前没有有效的疟疾疫苗。A. against反对，预防，抵御；B. in在里，在期间；C. with和一起，具有，随着；D. of属于，关于，的。此处指预防，抵御疟疾，故选A。6. Emotional or mental problems can _ from a physical cause.A. raiseB. arouseC. ariseD. rise【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：情绪或精神问题
15、可能由身体原因引起。A. raise 提升；举起；B. arouse 激起；C. arise 引起；D. rise 上升；提高。根据句意以及短语arise from“由引起”，可知此处应用动词arise，故选C。7. We didnt see anyone all day, _ a couple of kids on the beach.A. regardless ofB. despiteC. apart fromD. instead of【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查介词和固定短语辨析。句意：除了在海滩上的几个孩子外，我们一整天没看见任何人。A. regardless of不管，不顾
16、；B. despite即使，尽管；C. apart from除了，除之外；D. instead of代替，而不是。根据句意可知此处表示除了几个孩子外，我们没看见任何人。故选C。8. The service at Holiday Hotel failed to live up to its _.A. reformB. reputationC. realityD. resource【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：假日酒店的服务辜负了它的声誉（与名声不符）。A. reform改革，变革；B. reputation名声，声誉；C. reality现实；D. resource资
17、源。根据句意和“failed to live up to”可知是辜负了声誉，故选B。9. He lit a cigarette and almost immediately _ again.A. put it outB. set it upC. put it onD. set it off【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他点了一支烟，但几乎马上又把它熄灭了。A. put out熄灭，出版；B. set up建立，创立；C. put on穿上，上演；D. set off出发，动身。根据句意和lit a cigarette可知，此处指熄灭香烟，故选A。10. If you
18、 visit France today, it is not a surprise to meet street artists in the city or _ a singer in the subway.A. come byB. come overC. come acrossD. come up with【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你今天去法国，在城市里遇到街头艺术家或在地铁里遇到歌手并不令人惊讶。A. come by得到，顺便拜访；B. come over 过来，顺便来访；C. come across偶遇，遇到；D. come up with提出，想出
19、。此处指在地铁里偶遇歌手，与or 前面的meet意思一致，故选C。11. Dozens of people were _ in the rubble (碎石) when the building collapsed.A. trappedB. engagedC. involvedD. located【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：当建筑物倒塌时，数十人被困在废墟中。A. trapped陷入；B. engaged参加；C.involved包含；D.located位于。由句意可知，建筑物倒塌时人被困住了，be trapped in意为“被困在.”，符合句意，故选A。12. Its ha
20、rd to _ his ability when we havent seen his work.A. maintainB. measureC. memorizeD. march【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们没有看过他的作品，很难衡量他的能力。A. maintain 维持，保持；B. measure 衡量；C. memorize 记住；D. march 行进，前进。此句用到it充当形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语，结合句意，没有见过他的作品，衡量他的能力是很难的，故选B。13. They closed the road _ reduce traffic in the c
21、ity.A. in an attempt toB. due toC. lead toD. dedicated to【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查介词短语，动词短语和形容词短语词义辨析。句意：为了减轻城市交通，他们封闭了道路。A. in an attempt to为了；企图；B. due to由于；C. lead to导致；通向；D. dedicated to致力于；从事于。分析句意可知，后文“reduce traffic in the city(减轻城市的交通)”是前文“closed the road (封闭了道路)”的目的，因此所选短语应表达“为了”含义。故选A项。14. He _
22、his family when he became famous.A. depended uponB. carried onC. turned his back onD. held onto【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他成名后背弃了他的家人。A. depended upon依赖，依靠； B. carried on继续；C. turned his back on 背弃，遗弃，不理会，拒绝给与.帮助；D. held onto紧握，不放弃。这里表示他出名后变了，对家人不好了。出名后应该能自食其力，依赖家人不符合句意，carry on和hold onto同意不符合句意。故选C项。
23、15. He _ his conclusions on the evidence given by the prisoners.A. basedB. concentratedC. focusedD. experimented【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他根据囚犯提供的证据得出结论。A. based 建立在.基础之上；B. concentrated集中在.；C. focused 关注，集中在.；D. experimented做实验。根据语境中conclusions和evidence之间的关系，得出结论应该是以.证据为基础。故选A项。16. I cant believe th
24、e restaurant _ I have eaten such wonderful meals is going to close down.A. at whereB. at whichC. whichD. that【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我不敢相信我在那里吃过那么美味的饭菜的餐馆要关门了。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，修饰先行词restaurant，结合短语at the restaurant可知应用介词at；作介词的宾语，指物，在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，指物，只能用which。故选B。17. The activity hopes to gi
25、ve people _ opinions are rarely heard the chance to tell their story.A theirB. whoseC. thoseD. the【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该活动希望给那些很少听到自己意见的人一个机会来讲述自己的故事。分析句子结构可知，此空引导定语从句opinions are rarely heard，先行词是people，结合句意，先行词是opinions的定语，两者之间是所属关系，所以用关系代词whose引导，故选B。18. The place _ you are going to visit is th
26、e ruins of a palace.A. in whichB. at whichC. whereD. which【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你将要参观的地方是一座宫殿的废墟。分析可知，“_ you are going to visit”为之前名词“The place”的定语从句，先行词在从句作动词“visit”的宾语，应用关系代词which作为从句引导词。故选D项。19. _ he might be right is _ frightens meA. That; whatB. It; thatC. Which; itD. How; what【答案】A【解析】【详解
27、】考查名词性从句。句意：我害怕的是他可能是对的。分析句子结构可知，第一个空引导主语从句he might be right，从句结构和句意完整，所以用只起连接作用而没有实义的that引导；第二个空引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，结合句意，让我害怕的是“他可能是对的”这件事，所以用表示“的东西”的连接代词what引导，故选A。20. Tom wondered _.A. when does the accident happenB. when did the accident happenC. when the accident happenedD. when the accident will hap
28、pen【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：汤姆想知道事故是什么时候发生的。分析句子结构可知，空处位于谓语动词wonder之后，空处为宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语气，且时态为一般过去时，表示发生在过去的动作。故选C项。第二节 完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him.
29、He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was _21_of everything else around him.He rode along until a strange sound around _22_him to the present. He came to a stop and looked _23_ up to the heavens. What he saw shocked him. A huge swarm of bees _24_ the sky like cloud and th
30、e buzzing mass was moving towards him.With no time to waste, Andy sped off _25_ the opposite direction, riding furiously without knowing how to _26_ the swarm. With a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping furiously, he sped down the rough road. As the bees came closer, his panic increased. Andy
31、 knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(蜇) . The last sting had _27_ him in hospital - and that was only one bee sting! He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days. Suddenly, his fathers words came to him. When you are in a tight situation, dont panic. Use your brain and think your ways o
32、ut of it. On a nearby hill, he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson family home. Bees dont like _28_, he thought. They couldnt get into the house. Andy _29_ towards the Nelson house, but the bees were gaining ground. Andy knew he could not reach the house _30_. He es
33、timated that the bees would catch up with him soon.Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he_31_ a small dam used by Mr. Nelson to irrigate(灌溉) his vegetable garden. Off his bike and into the cool water he dived, disappearing below the _32_and away from the savage insects. After _33_ his breath fo
34、r as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees have gone. Dragging himself out of the dam, he _34_ up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell. Mr. Nelson took his inside and rang his mother.Youll really need that fishing break to help you recover, laughed his mother with _35_. Thank
35、goodness you didnt panic! But Andy did not hear her. He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow. 21. A. uncertainB. unawareC. unafraidD. unbelievable22. A. heldB. concernedC. drewD. enabled23. A. cautiouslyB. casuallyC. curiouslyD. cheerfully24. A. filledB. flewC. blockedD. hung2
36、5. A. toB. fromC. alongD. in26. A. strikeB. escapeC. surviveD. observe27. A. landedB. curedC. stagedD. engaged28. A. peopleB. hillsC. soundD. smoke29. A. racedB. ranC. movedD. reached30. A. on timeB. in timeC. at one timeD. at times31. A. figuredB. viewedC. judgedD. spotted32. A. surfaceB. horizonC.
37、 gardenD. ground33. A. catchingB. keepingC. holdingD. limiting34. A. wanderedB. marchedC. struggledD. covered35. A. curiosityB. reliefC. generosityD. emotion【答案】21. B 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. B【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。Andy在上学路上偶遇一大群蜜蜂追赶，他急于摆脱但没成功。情急之下父亲
38、的话“当处于困境时，不要惊慌。用你的大脑，想办法摆脱它”起了作用，他跳进水里，成功脱险。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他忙着梦想自己能捕到的所有鱼，而没有注意到周围的一切。A. uncertain不确定的；B. unaware不知道的，未觉察到；C. unafraid无畏的；D. unbelievable难以置信的。根据下文“He rode along until a strange sound around _2_him to the present.”可知，Andy专注于想捕鱼的事，没注意到周围的情况。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他骑着车往前走，直到周围一种奇怪
39、的声音把他拉回了现实。A. held握住，举行；B. concerned关系到，涉及；C. drew拉，吸引，画；D. enabled使能够。根据上句“He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was _1_of everything else around him.”和下句“He came to a stop and looked _3_ up to the heavens.”可知Andy专注于想捕鱼的事，没注意到周围的情况，奇怪的声音让他回到现实，停下来看发生了什么事。故选C。【23题详解】考查副词词
40、义辨析。句意：他停了下来，好奇地望着天空。A. cautiously谨慎地；B. casually随便地；C. curiously好奇地；D. cheerfully高兴地。根据上句“a strange sound”可知Andy对奇怪的声音好奇，所以去寻找这种声音。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一大群蜜蜂像云一样布满天空，嗡嗡作响的蜂群向他飞来。A. filled装满，使充满；B. flew飞，飞翔；C. blocked阻止，限制；D. hung悬挂。根据句中“A huge swarm of beeslike cloud”可知蜜蜂数量很多，覆盖了天空。故选A。【25题详解】考查介
41、词词义辨析。句意：Andy没有时间浪费，朝着相反的方向飞奔而去，他疯狂地骑着车，却不知道如何逃离蜂群。“向/朝的方向”是indirection，故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Andy没有时间浪费，朝着相反的方向飞奔而去，他疯狂地骑着车，却不知道如何逃离蜂群。A. strike撞击，打；B. escape逃避，逃脱；C. survive幸存，幸免；D. observe观察，遵守。根据上文“A huge swarm of bees _4_ the sky like cloud and the buzzing mass was moving towards him.”可知一大群蜜蜂朝
42、Andy飞来，所以他应该是想办法逃离蜂群，故选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上一次蜇伤让他进了医院而那只是蜜蜂蜇了他一下!A. landed使陷于，着陆；B. cured治疗，治愈；C. staged举行，筹划；D. engaged从事，吸引。此处指上一次蜜蜂蜇伤让他陷于不舒服，进了医院，故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“蜜蜂不喜欢烟，”他想。A. people人，人们；B. hills小山；C. sound声音；D. smoke烟，烟雾。根据上句“he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney”和
43、下句“They couldnt get into the house.”可知Andy看到烟囱里冒出的烟想到蜜蜂不喜欢烟，故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Andy向纳尔逊家飞奔，但蜜蜂正在逼近。A. raced赛跑，比赛，急走；B. ran跑；C. moved移动，搬家；D. reached到达。根据当时情况可知，Andy被一大群蜜蜂追赶，急于摆脱这些可怕的蜜蜂，所以是飞奔向纳尔逊家。race表达了其速度之快，故选A。【30题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：Andy知道他不能及时赶到那座房子了。A. on time按时，准时；B. in time及时；C. at one time曾经
44、，一度；D. at times有时，偶尔。此处指Andy不能在蜜蜂追上之前进入房子，故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，从眼角余光，他看到纳尔逊先生用来灌溉菜园的一个小水坝。A. figured计算，出现；B. viewed观察，查看；C. judged判断；D. spotted认出，发现。根据“out of the corner of his eyes”可知Andy奔跑时用余光发现了这个小水坝，故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从自行车上下来，潜入冰凉的水中，消失在水面下，远离了野蛮的昆虫。A. surface表面；B. horizon视野，地平线；C. gar
45、den花园；D. ground地面，土地。根据下句“Andy came up for air” Andy浮出水面可知他潜到水面以下，来躲避蜜蜂。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Andy屏住呼吸尽可能长时间后，浮出水面换气，发现蜜蜂都不见了。A. catching抓住，赶上；B. keeping保持，保留；C. holding持有，拥有；D. limiting限制。“屏住呼吸”是hold ones breath，故选C。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从水坝里爬出来，挣扎着爬上山坡，按响了门铃。A. wandered徘徊，漫步；B. marched前进，游行；C. stru
46、ggled挣扎，斗争；D. covered覆盖，包括。根据“Dragging himself out of the dam”并结合上文故事可知，Andy先是拼命飞奔摆脱蜜蜂，后来又跳进冰凉的水中躲避，他已经精疲力竭，所以是挣扎着爬上山坡，故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你真的需要钓鱼的休闲来帮助你恢复，”他的母亲如释重负地笑了。A. curiosity好奇心；B. relief减轻，安慰；C. generosity慷慨；D. emotion情感，情绪。Andy的母亲听完儿子有惊无险的故事，松了一口气。“松了一口气，如释重负”是with relief，故选B。第三部分 阅读理解（
47、共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AElectric Shocks Can Be FatalGovernment statistics recently showed that in the UK, more than 3,000 people a year experience electric shocks in their homes. A smaller number of people are killed after they touch the power lines outside th
48、eir homes. Electric shocks can cause a persons heart or breath to stop and are potentially fatal. It is essential for people to learn basic techniques to deal with such emergencies.What to do? If you are the first person to reach someone who has an electric shock, dont touch him or her! If the victi
49、m is still holding the appliance that gives him or her the shock (e.g. a hair dryer), unplug it or turn off the power at its source. Under no circumstances can you try to move the appliance with your hands! If you cant turn off the power, use a piece of wood, like a broom handle or a chair, to separ
50、ate the victim from the appliance or the power source. You may even be able to do this with a folded newspaper. The victim must remain lying down. If he or she is unconscious, the victim should be placed on his or her side. But he or she should not be moved if there is a possibility of neck or spine
51、 injuries unless it is absolutely necessary. It is essential to maintain the victims body heat, so make sure you cover him or her with a blanket before you do anything else. If the victim is not breathing, apply mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (人工呼吸). Keep the victims head low until professional help a
52、rrives. If the electric shock has been caused by an external power line, the dangers to the victim and to anybody providing first aid are much greater.36. What kind of passage is it?A. An advertisement.B. A horror story.C. A news report.D. First aid emergency advice.37. The underlined sentence impli
53、es that _.A. you should move the applianceB. you should pick up the appliance and turn off the electricityC. it is very dangerous to touch the appliance with your handsD. it is unnecessary to unplug the appliance with your hands38. When a person has got an electric shock, you should _.A. separate th
54、e victim from the appliance and let him sit upB. keep the victim warm and help him or her breathe againC. move the victim onto his or her side if he or she has got neck injuriesD. keep the victims head high until professional help arrives【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文讲述的是对人们来说，学习基本的急救技术是必不可
55、少的。文章主要介绍了一些关于电击的急救知识。【36题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“It is essential for people to learn basic first aid techniques to deal with such emergencies.(对于人们来说，学习基本的急救技术来处理这类紧急情况是很重要的)”结合文章主要介绍了一些关于电击的急救知识。可知，文章是一篇急救建议。故选D。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据画线词上文“If the victim is still holding the appliance that gives him or her the sho
56、ck (e.g. a hair dryer), unplug it or turn off the power at its source.(如果受害者仍然拿着让他或她电击的器具（例如吹风机），拔掉插头或关闭电源)”以及常识，被电击的人先要拔掉电源，不能用手去挪动设备，防止触电。可推知画线句子表明用手触摸该设备是非常危险的。故选C。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It is essential to maintain the victims body heat, so make sure you cover him or her with a blanket before you d
57、o anything else. If the victim is not breathing, apply mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (人工呼吸). Keep the victims head low until professional help arrives.(保持受害者的体温是很重要的，所以在你做任何其他事情之前，要确保用毯子盖住他或她。如果病人没有呼吸，进行口对口人工呼吸。在专业救援到来之前，保持受害者低着头)”可知，当一个人受到电击时，你应该让受害者保持温暖，并帮助他或她再次呼吸。故选B。BMy entire life has been influ
58、enced by the fact that I stand way above the average height for both men and women. I was born two weeks late. When I finally entered the world I weighed 11 pounds 10 ounces and was 24 inches long. When my mom told my grandmother my measurements, she asked in amazement, Are you okay?!I was healthy,
59、but very shy as a child and into my teens. Im from a small town, and I grew up and graduated with the same 50 people. I started playing basketball in third grade every Saturday, but I didnt have any control over my awkward body. (I didnt even score a point in a game until many years later.) I was 5-
60、foot-10 in fourth grade. I had a small group of friends in elementary school, but sometimes the boys picked on me, calling me a bean pole or the Jolly Green Giant. I still remember my embarrassment when they laughed at me, and how badly I wanted to be invisible. In high school I got more involved in
61、 sports, but I spent most days in the art room. By this time everyone at my school was used to my height (by ninth grade I was 6-foot-3), but if I went out of town people would stare at me and comment about my appearance. I was forced into the spotlight wherever I went.With high school came more con
62、fidence. I had success in school, the arts and sports. I played basketball, but my true passion was track and field. During my senior year I was the conference champion in high jump and the 400-meter run. The friendships I gained through my involvement in high school boosted my confidence and helped
63、 me develop a sense of humor. Now when a stranger told me I was tall I would smile and nod or, if I was feeling determined, I would pretend to feel shocked and thank them for telling me. I had no idea!Still, society keeps me aware of my status as something rare. And even though people tell me Im bea
64、utiful and I should be a model, there are times when I would trade in my long legs for a small frame and tiny feet. I often wish people werent so rude. Im a minority only in the sense of height. I like to think that those who have insulted me didnt intend to. I do believe that most people are basica
65、lly good, but they can be insensitive.39. What can be inferred from Para.1?A. The writers height has something to do with her late birth.B. Grandmother was unwilling to have the writer as her grandchild.C. The writer failed to have a successful life because of her unusual height.D. The writer was he
66、avier and bigger compared with other babies when she was born.40. By saying I was forced into the spotlight, the author probably means that she _.A was criticized by othersB. caught public attentionC. was threatenedD. felt inferior41. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned as the writers
67、 experiences in high school?A. She quit playing basketball and joined the track and field team.B. She no longer felt upset when facing her height problem.C. She had a passion for some sports events.D. She built up more confidence.42. What does the last sentence imply?A. People enjoy making fun of ot
68、hers.B. People are bad and cannot be trusted.C. People tend to bully those who are weaker.D. People sometimes care little about how others feel.【答案】39. D 40. B 41. A 42. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者因为从出生就超出常人的身高，而有了和别人不一样的成长经历，这种身高也一直影响着作者。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“My entire life has been influenced by the fact
69、that I stand way above the average height for both men and women. When I finally entered the world I weighed 11 pounds 10 ounces and was 24 inches long. When my mom told my grandmother my measurements, she asked in amazement, Are you okay?! (我的一生都受到这样一个事实的影响，即我的身高远远高于男性和女性的平均身高。我出生晚了两周。当我最终进入这个世界时，我
70、重11磅10盎司，长24英寸。当我妈妈告诉我奶奶我的尺寸时，她惊讶地问：“你还好吗？！”) ”可知，作者一直都是高于常人。出生时奶奶知道自己的身高体重时，非常惊讶，可推知作者从出生时身高和体重都超出其他婴儿，所以当时奶奶才会担心地询问妈妈生下这样一个“大”孩子后，身体是否还好，故选D 。【40题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In high school I got more involved in sports, but I spent most days in the art room. By this time everyone at my school was used to my h
71、eight (by ninth grade I was 6-foot-3), but if I went out of town people would stare at me and comment about my appearance. (高中时我更多地参与体育运动，但我大部分时间都在美术室里度过。这时，学校里的每个人都习惯了我的身高（到九年级时，我有6英尺3英寸），但如果我到了外地，人们会盯着我，评论我的外貌)”可知，当地人习惯了作者超出常人的身高，当是当作者到了别的地方，无论去哪里，都会因为自己的身高被别人盯着看，被别人议论，也就是会成为大家关注的焦点，所以划线句子 “I was
72、forced into the spotlight wherever I went.”意思就是尽管作者不想，但还是会因为身高，引起公众注意，故选B。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“I played basketball, but my true passion was track and field. (我打篮球，但我真正的爱好是田径)”可知，尽管作者真正爱好田径，但是依然打篮球，也没有加入田径队。所以选项A“她放弃了打篮球，加入了田径队”是作者的高中经历中所没有提到的，故选A。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I often wish people werent so rud
73、e. Im a minority only in the sense of height. I like to think that those who have insulted me didnt intend to. (我常常希望人们不要这么粗鲁。身高上，我是少数。我喜欢认为那些侮辱我的人是无意的)”可知，作者认为那些侮辱他的人是无意的，也就是这些人并不是要侮辱作者，但是他们的话让作者感受到了侮辱。所以可知文章最后一句话 “I do believe that most people are basically good, but they can be insensitive. (我确实相
74、信大多数人本质上是善良的，但他们可能是没有意识到我的感受)”意思就是，这些人可能是善良的，只是他们没有考虑过这些话对作者产生的影响，没有意识到听了他们评论后作者的感受，也就是暗示了人们有时很少关心别人的感受。故选D。CIdentifying the chemical makeup of pigment (色素) used in ancient documents, paintings, and watercolors is critical to restoring and conserving the precious artworks. However, despite numerous
75、efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, a team of researchers from Portugal has finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for the gor
76、geous blueish-purple color that helped bring ancient illustrations and texts to life.The research team began by poring over instructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th, 14th, and 15th centuries. They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text entitled The Book on How to Make Al
77、l the Color Paints for Illuminating Books. However, translating the instructions was no easy task. It was written in the now extinct Judaeo-Portuguese language, and though the source of the dye was traced back to a plant, no name was mentioned.However, by piecing together suggestions from the text,
78、the scientists were able to determine that the dye was made from the bluish-green berries of the chrozophora tinctoria plant. After an extensive search, the team found a few varieties of the plant growing along the roadside near the town of Monsaraz in south Portugal.The detailed instructions gave t
79、he researchers critical clues including the best time to pick the berries. “You need to squeeze the fruits, being careful not to break the seeds, and then to put them on linen (亚麻).” The scientist says the detail was important since broken seeds polluted the pigment, producing an inferior quality in
80、k. The dyed linen, which was left to dry, was an efficient way to store and transport the pigment during ancient times. When needed, the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color.Once the key ingredient had been identified, the researchers b
81、egan to determine the dyes molecular structure. To their surprise, they found that folium was not like any other known permanent blue dyes it was an entirely new class of color, one they named chrozophoridin. “Chrozophoridin was used in ancient times to make a beautiful blue dye for painting.” the t
82、eam wrote in the study. “Thus, we believe that this will not be our final word on this amazing plant and its story and that further discoveries will follow soon.”43. The primary purpose of the study is to _.A. restore and conserve ancient precious artworksB. determine the substance making up the fol
83、iumC. prove the ancient dye-making technique was organicD. identify which class of color folium belongs to44. The underlined phrase “poring over” in the second paragraph means _.A. discussing publiclyB. testing repeatedlyC. passing directlyD. reading carefully45. What can be learned about the blue d
84、ye folium?A. It was essentially an inferior type of ink.B. It was the only kind made from wild berries.C. It could be carried and used easily.D. It was carefully squeezed from broken seeds.46. The article is mainly about _.A. how the mystery of a thousand-year-old blue dye was solvedB. why the resea
85、rchers took the trouble to recreate the dyeC. what needs to be done to make an organic dye from a plantD. when and where the discovery of the dye was made【答案】43. B 44. D 45. C 46. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要内容是关于一种成分神秘的蓝色染料，研究小组经过研究发现了这种蓝色染料的关键成分，讲述了千年蓝色染料之谜是如何解开的。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“However, despite nume
86、rous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, a team of researchers from Portugal has finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for th
87、e gorgeous blueish-purple color that helped bring ancient illustrations and texts to life. (然而，尽管进行了大量的努力，科学家们仍然无法确定叶绿的来源，叶绿是中世纪（5世纪至15世纪）欧洲一种流行的蓝色染料，用于给手稿上色。现在，一个来自葡萄牙的研究小组终于发现了一种神秘的成分，这种神秘的成分导致了绚丽的蓝紫色，使古老的插图和文字栩栩如生)”可知，研究的最初目的是为了确定“folium(叶绿)”的组成物质，故选B项。【44题详解】短语猜测题。根据划词组所在句“The research team bega
88、n by poring over instructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th, 14th, and 15th centuries. (研究小组首先poring over 12、14和15世纪欧洲染料制造商编写的说明书)”以及下文“They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text entitled The Book on How to Make All the Color Paints for Illuminating Books. However, transl
89、ating the instructions was no easy task. (他们在15世纪的一本书中找到了他们想要的东西，这本书的题目是如何制作所有用于书籍照明的彩色颜料。然而，翻译说明书并非易事)”可知，研究小组先仔细地阅读了说明书，对其进行研究，所以pouring over意为“仔细阅读”。故选D项。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“The dyed linen, which was left to dry, was an efficient way to store and transport the pigment during ancient times. When ne
90、eded, the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color. (染色后晾干的亚麻布是古代储存和运输燃料的有效方法。当需要的时候，艺术家会简单地剪下一块布，用水蘸一下，挤出蓝色)”可知，blue dye folium(蓝色染料)便于携带和使用。故选C项。【46题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, despite numerous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine
91、 the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, a team of researchers from Portugal has finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for the gorgeous blueish-purple color that helped bring anc
92、ient illustrations and texts to life. (然而，尽管进行了大量的努力，科学家们仍然无法确定叶绿的来源，叶绿是中世纪（5世纪至15世纪）欧洲一种流行的蓝色染料，用于给手稿上色。现在，一个来自葡萄牙的研究小组终于发现了一种神秘的成分，这种神秘的成分导致了绚丽的蓝紫色，使古老的插图和文字栩栩如生)”，结合全文对这种蓝色染料成分的研究可知，研究人员已确定染料的关键成分。由此可知，本文主要是关于一种千年蓝色染料之谜是如何解开的。故选A项。DFor most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evide
93、nt that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence existsthat is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a ratio
94、nal(理性的) being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal. More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity sug
95、gested that man in our time is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature.” The historical approach was strengthened, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cu
96、ltural anthropology (人类学). The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the t
97、endency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield(盾牌) behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to p
98、rove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as natural human characters. Popularly, one refers cynically（愤世嫉俗地） to “human nature” in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable huma
99、n behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.Another reason for disbelief about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed
100、 untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.47. Most philosophers believed that human nature _.A. is the quality distinguishing man from other animalsB. consists of competitiveness and selfishnessC. is
101、 something partly innate and partly acquiredD. consists of rationality and undesirable behavior48. The traditional view of “human nature” was strongly challenged by _.A. the emergence of the evolutionary theoryB. the historical approach to manC. new insight into human behaviorD. the philosophical an
102、alysis of slavery49. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings _.A. have some characters in commonB. are born with diverse culturesC. are born without a fixed natureD. change their characters as they grow up50. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in ord
103、er to _.A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human nature”B. show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social evilsC. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of “human nature”D. support the idea that some human characters are inherited.【答
104、案】47. A 48. A 49. C 50. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是从古希腊时起对于人性的组成就有诸多讨论，近些年来，对传统的人性组成的观点，有了很多不同的看法，本文就此展开了讨论。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence existsthat is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Th
105、us man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.(关于它是由什么构成的，有各种各样的观点，但人们一致认为，存在着这样一种本质，也就是说，人之所以为人，是由于某种东西的存在。因此，人被定义为一种理性的存在，一种社会动物，一种会制造工具的动物，一种会制造符号的动物)”可知，大多数传统哲学家都认为人的本性从本质上说与其他动物的品质是显著不同的。故选A。【48题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Another reas
106、on for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable.(怀疑人性概念的另一个原因可能在于进化思维的影响。一旦人类开始被看作是在进化的过程中发展起来的，
107、那么包含在他的本质中的一种物质的观点似乎就站不住脚了)”可知，进化论的出现有力地挑战了传统的“人性”观。故选A。【49题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writ
108、es its text.(对原始人的研究发现了如此多样的习俗、价值观、情感和思想，以至于许多人类学家得出了这样的概念：人天生就是一张白纸，每个文化都在其上书写文字)”可知，许多人类学家认为人类天生没有固定的性质。故选C。【50题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery.(例如，亚里士多德和18世纪以前的大多数思想家都为奴隶制辩护)”可推知，作者提到亚里士多德是为了表明“人性”
109、的概念被用来为社会邪恶辩护。故选B。第四部分：阅读与表达（共4小题，满分10分）读后回答问题。In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party. I got so angry with him for laying down the law. I would scream, “I hate you!
110、” Dad would yell back, “Good! I dont care!” Deep down I knew he did.One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick. I said, “Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was carrying me to the car. I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticized. As expected, I got scolded, but
111、 I now understand why I need discipline.Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series, but it wasnt until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejection
112、s. Working in such a competitive industry, Ive sometimes thought, I cant do this any more.Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolles music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and said, “Alice
113、, I know its hard, but its all about persistence.”Now I get to work with Dad a lot, which I love. We are both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so interested in people. If it werent for Dad, I wouldnt be where I am today. Hes my biggest fan, and when you have that in your life you c
114、an go a long way.51. What rules did Alices father set for her when she was growing up? (no more than 15 words)52. What did Alices father do when she felt depressed? (no more than 5 words)53. According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have in common?(no more than 10 words)54. What
115、do you think of Alices father? Please explain. (about 30 words)【答案】51. She should make her bed, do her homework and drink no alcohol. 52. He encouraged/comforted/inspired her. 53. They are both passionate about acting and interested in people. 54. He is always supportive/a source of strength. Whenev
116、er she is in trouble, he is there for her.【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了爱丽丝成长过程中父亲对于爱丽丝的指导和支持。【51题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段中“He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.(他确保我铺床和做作业。他会提前打电话确定派对上没有酒)”可知，爱丽丝的父亲在她成长的过程中规定她应该整理床铺，做作业，不喝酒。故答案为She
117、should make her bed, do her homework and drink no alcohol.【52题详解】考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolles music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and said, “Alice, I know i
118、ts hard, but its all about persistence.”(有一次，在好莱坞之旅之后，我回到了澳大利亚，心情非常沮丧，在卧室里画了好几个月，听着艾克哈特托尔的音乐，试图重新找回自我。爸爸让我坐下，对我说：“爱丽丝，我知道这很难，但这需要坚持不懈。”)”可知，当爱丽丝感到沮丧时，她的父亲会鼓励/安慰/激励她。故答案为He encouraged/comforted/inspired her.【53题详解】考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“We are both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so intere
119、sted in people.(我们都对表演充满热情，这是因为我们对人很感兴趣)”可知，爱丽丝和她父亲的共同之处是他们都对表演充满热情，对人也很感兴趣。故答案为They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.【54题详解】本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可，答案不唯一。题干：你认为爱丽丝的父亲怎么样？请解释一下。可回答：他总是支持Alice，每当她有困难时，他都会在她身边。故答案为He is always supportive/a source of strength. Whenever she is in troubl
120、e, he is there for her.第二卷（两部分，共55分）第五部分：书面表达（共三节，满分45分）第一节 选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）Group 1根据句意，选择适当的词并用其恰当的形式填空，每空只填一个词。perform independence refer strikeanxious uplifting recognize55. When I said some people are stupid, I wasnt _ to you.56. A group of _ in evening dress played classical selections on
121、 the violin.57. He has won wide _ in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. His achievements have awed the whole world.58. My little nephew _ asked who would babysit him if I wouldnt be there.59. He was so angry that he stood up and _ the table with his fist (拳头).【答案】55. referring 56. performers
122、 57. recognition 58. anxiously 59. struck【解析】【55题详解】考查时态和固定搭配。句意：当我说有些人很蠢的时候，我不是指你。根据句意“提到；谈及”以及固定搭配refer to，可知此处用refer的适当形式，根据空前was以及“I”和“refer to”之间是主动关系，再结合句意表示“当时不是正谈到某人”，可知此处用过去进行时，故填referring。【56题详解】考查名词的数。句意：一群身着晚礼服的表演者拉着小提琴演奏古典选曲。根据句意“表演者”，可知此空用动词perform的名词形式performer，再由空前a group of“一群”，可知此处
123、用performer的复数，故填performers。【57题详解】考查名词。句意：他在中医药领域赢得了广泛的认可。他的成就令全世界惊叹。根据句意“认可”且此空是won的宾语，前有形容词修饰，可知此空用动词recognize的名词recognition，且是不可数名词，故填recognition。【58题详解】考查副词。句意：我的小侄子焦急地问如果我不在，谁来照顾他。根据句意“焦急地”以及此空修饰动词asked，可知此空用形容词anxious的副词anxiously，在句中作状语，故填anxiously。【59题详解】考查时态。句意：他气得站起来用拳头打桌子。分析句子结构可知，此空是that引
124、导的结果状语从句中的谓语，和and前谓语stood up并列。根据句中的谓语动词以及句意，可知此处描述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时。根据句意“打”，可知此空用动词strike的一般过去式struck，故填struck。Group 2根据句意，选择适当的词并用其恰当的形式填空，每空只填一个词。hesitate horrible origin passiongenerous talented proceed60. We have to hurry up! The work is _ slowly at present.61. These people are _ supporters of pea
125、ce. They love peace and do not advocate the use of violence.62. The gardens have recently been restored to their _ glory.63. Their guests took advantage of their _, staying in their apartment for more than a month without paying anything.64. I asked her to do me a favor, and she agreed without _.【答案
126、】60. proceeding 61. passionate 62. original 63. generosity 64. hesitation【解析】【60题详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们得快点！目前工作进展缓慢。根据句意“继续进行”可知，此空用不及物动词proceed的适当形式，再根据空前is以及时间状语at present可知，此处表示“工作正在进行”，用现在进行时，故填proceeding。【61题详解】考查形容词。句意：这些人是和平的热情支持者。他们热爱和平，不提倡使用暴力。根据句意“热情的”以及此空修饰名词supporters可知，此处用名词passion的形容词形式passio
127、nate，作supporters的定语，故填passionate。【62题详解】考查形容词。句意：花园最近恢复了原来的辉煌。根据句意“原来的”以及此空是用来修饰glory可知，此处用名词origin的形容词original，作glory的定语，故填original。63题详解】考查名词。句意：他们的客人利用了他们的慷慨，在他们的公寓里住了一个多月而不付任何费用。根据句意“慷慨”以及此空是took advantage of的宾语，前有形容词性物主代词，此空用形容词generous的名词形式generosity，且是不可数名词，故填generosity。【64题详解】考查名词和固定搭配。句意：我请
128、她帮我个忙，她毫不犹豫地答应了。固定搭配without hesitation“毫不犹豫”，符合句意，在句中作状语，所以此空用动词hesitate的名词形式hesitation，作without的宾语，故填hesitation。第二节 翻译（共5小题；每小题3分，共15分）请把下列句子翻译成英语（括号中的提示词必须用，且不能更改词性。）65. 在南极考察的途中，他们的食物及日用品耗尽了，这使他们陷入了崩溃的边缘。（run v.；break v.）（汉译英）【答案】On their expedition to the South Pole, they ran out of food and dai
129、ly necessities, which put them on the edge of breaking down.【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配、时态和定语从句。根据句意，此句描述的是过去的事，应用到一般过去时。再结合句意，此句用含有定语从句的结构翻译。状语“在南极考察的途中”表示为on their expedition to the South Pole；主干的主语是they，谓语用到短语run out of“用光”，宾语“食物及日用品”表示为food and daily necessities，故主干翻译为：they ran out of food and daily necessit
130、ies。剩下的句子用非限制性定语从句表示，先行词是前面的一整句话，在从句中做主语，所以用which引导，谓语用到动词put，再结合put+宾语+宾语补足语结构以及固定搭配on the edge of“在的边缘”和break down“感情失控（崩溃）”，所以此处用代词them做宾语，介词短语on the edge of breaking down作宾补，所以定语从句表示为：which put them on the edge of breaking down，故整句话翻译为：On their expedition to the South Pole, they ran out of food
131、and daily necessities, which put them on the edge of breaking down.66. 他需要挣钱支付一大家子人的日常生活开销，因而不得不死守着他那件乏味的工作。（tie v. ; cover v.）（汉译英）【答案】He needs/needed to earn money to cover the living expenses of his big family. As a result, he has/had to be tied to his steady job.【解析】【详解】考查时态、动词不定式和固定搭配。根据句意，此句描述
132、的可以是现在的情况也可以是过去的事，所以可以用一般现在时，也可用一般过去时。此句由两个简单句组成。第一个句子主语是he，谓语用到动词短语need to do“需要做”，再结合短语earn money“挣钱”，所以“需要挣钱”表示为need to earn money；根据句意，用动词不定式作此句中的目的状语，结合“足以支付”表示为cover，其宾语“一大家子人的日常生活开销”表示为the living expenses of his big family，再结合主语和时态，第一句话翻译为：He needs/needed to earn money to cover the living exp
133、enses of his big family；第二句话中状语“因此”表示为as a result，主语是he，谓语用短语be tied to“束缚于”，宾语“他那件乏味的工作”表示为his steady job，结合谓语用到的情态动词have to，以及主语和时态，所以第二句表示为：As a result, he has/had to be tied to his steady job，故整句话翻译为：He needs/needed to earn money to cover the living expenses of his big family. As a result, he ha
134、s/had to be tied to his steady job.67. 事实证明每天坚持锻炼对他的健康很有益处。尽管年事已高，他的身体比很多年轻人都好。（prove v.; despite prep.; shape n.）（汉译英）【答案】Taking exercise every day proves to be highly beneficial to his health. Despite his great/old age, he is still in better shape than many young men.【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词、固定搭配、比较级和时态。此句
135、由两个简单句组成，且根据句意可知，描述的是现在的客观情况，应用到一般现在时。前一句话用动名词做主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式。结合短语take exercise“做锻炼”以及every day“每天”，所以主语表示为：taking exercise every day。谓语用到搭配sth. proves to be adj. “某物证明是”，再结合搭配be beneficial to“对有益”，用副词highly修饰形容词beneficial，表示“非常有益处”，且“他的健康”表示为his health，故前一句话翻译为：Taking exercise every day proves to b
136、e highly beneficial to his health。后一句话中“尽管”用介词despite表示，“年事已高”表示为：his great/old age，所以此句状语翻译成：despite his great/old age；主语是he，谓语用到短语be in good shape“身体状况好”，且此句用到比较级， 和“很多年轻人”相比，所以这句话主干表示为：he is in better shape than many young men，副词still用在be动词后，表示“依然；仍然”，加强语气，故整句话翻译为：Taking exercise every day proves
137、 to be highly beneficial to his health. Despite his great/old age, he is still in better shape than many young men.68. 人们敬佩Christopher Reeve不仅因为他在超人电影里的出色表现，而且因为他为了支持慈善事业而努力筹钱。（admire的派生词; raise v.）（汉译英）【答案】People show admiration for Christopher Reeve not only because of his admirable performances i
138、n the Superman films, but also his great efforts to raise money in support of charity work.【解析】【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。根据句意，此句用not only.but also“不仅而且”连接两个原因状语。且由句意可知，此句描述的是现在的客观情况，应用一般现在时。主语“人们”表示为people，谓语用到短语show admiration for“对表示钦佩”，宾语是Christopher Reeve，所以句子主干表示为people show admiration for Christopher Reev
139、e；第一个原因状语用到短语because of“因为”，其后宾语“他在超人电影里的出色表现”表示为his admirable performances in the Superman films；第二个原因状语，承前省略because of，结合可数名词effort“努力”后接to to，表示“为某事所做的努力”，“筹钱”表示为raise money，短语in support of“为了支持”所以“他为了支持慈善事业而努力筹钱”表示为his great efforts to raise money in support of charity work，故整句话翻译为：People show a
140、dmiration for Christopher Reeve not only because of his admirable performances in the Superman films, but also his great efforts to raise money in support of charity work.69. 全世界的科学家们进行了各种医学研究，努力弄清楚到底是什么导致新冠肺炎（coronavirus）的大爆发。（engage v.; figure v.）（汉译英）【答案】Scientists all over the world have engaged
141、 in a wide range of medical researches, trying to figure out what on earth leads to the outbreak of novel coronavirus.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查时态、固定搭配、非谓语动词和宾语从句。主语是scientists，主语的定语“全世界的”表示为all over the world，作后置定语；谓语用到搭配engage in“参加；忙于”，且根据句意，表示科学家从过去到现在一直在忙于研究，所以用现在完成时。结合搭配a wide range of“广泛的”以及medical resea
142、rch“医学研究”，所以此句主干表示为：scientists all over the world have engaged in a wide range of medical researches；逗号后句子是状语，用try to do sth.短语的非谓语形式作状语，且try和逻辑主语scientists之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词的形式，那么“努力弄清楚”表示为trying to figure out，后接宾语从句，由表示“物”的连接代词充当从句主语，“究竟；到底”表示为on earth，谓语“导致”用动词短语lead to的适当形式，宾语“新冠肺炎的大爆发”表示为the outbr
143、eak of novel coronavirus，且根据宾语从句句意，可知从句表示的一种客观情况，应用一般现在时，且导致新冠大爆发的应该是一种原因，what代指的应该是单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故整句话翻译为：Scientists all over the world have engaged in a wide range of medical researches, trying to figure out what on earth leads to the outbreak of novel coronavirus.第三节 写作（满分20分，含5分书写分数）70. 假设你是
144、李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：1、该人物是谁；2、该人物的主要贡献；3、该人物对你的影响。注意： 1. 词数不少于100；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_YoursLihua【答案】Dear Jim,Its great to hear from you. I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be
145、 Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. He, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi (Maps and Records of the World), introduced modern technologies and ideas to China, which opened our eyes to the world. So he and his works are still worthy of being respected by us now. In fact, he inspires me to maj
146、or in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.Interested in knowing more? I can find you some books! Just let me know.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文，要求写一封信。【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，假设你是李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：1、该人物是谁；2、该
147、人物的主要贡献；3、该人物对你的影响。第二，人称为第三人称。第三，时态为一般现在时。第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，很高兴收到Jim的来信，对Jim对中国历史感兴趣，感到很自豪。第二段，1、该人物是谁；2、该人物的主要贡献；3、该人物对你的影响。第三段，表达期望。第三步：确定关键词汇和短语: hear from，open our eyes，be worthy of，inspire sb to do sth.第四步：确定较为高级的句子: which引导的非限制性定语从句He, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi (Maps an
148、d Records of the World), introduced modern technologies and ideas to China, which opened our eyes to the world.第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接:besides，however，finally.第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式: which引导的非限制性定语从句He, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi (Maps and Records of the World), introduced modern technologies and ideas to China, which opened our eyes to the world.高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。第六部分：口语朗读（满分10分）
