1、Module 3 LiteratureWilliam Shakespeare is one of the most famous writers in the world. His father was an important man in the town so Shakespeare had a good upbringing (教养). Shakespeare probably went to school but not university. He got married when he was 18 to Anne Hathaway and the couple had thre
2、e children.Shakespeare wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets (十四行诗). He began working in his hometown of Stratford, but by 1592 he was writing in London. He became rich enough to buy a house in the capital and one in Stratford. He wrote sad famous stories, like Romeo and Juliet, funny stories, romantic sto
3、ries and stories about historical figures such as Julius Caesar.Shakespeare died on his birthday in 1616, almost 400 years ago. But why are his works still popular today? His works looked at common human themes, such as power, ambition and love. These themes are as much a part of human nature today
4、as they were all those years ago and are the themes we see in modern soap operas and Hollywood films. Even though his theatre, the Globe, was burned down in 1613, it was rebuilt in London in 1997 and you can still see his plays performed there today.Shakespeares influence on the English language can
5、 still be felt today. We talk about “fair play”， meaning honest behavior but this phrase was first used by Shakespeare. And it was Shakespeare who came up with the expression to disappear “into thin air” which we still use today when we lose something.Shakespeares works have been translated into eve
6、ry major language in the world. And perhaps well still be as fascinated by his works 400 years from now as weve been for almost the last 400.根据短文判断正(T)误(F)1William Shakespeare only wrote a lot of funny stories in his life.(F)2William Shakespeares works are still often performed in his theatre named
7、The Globe today.(T)模块核心素养导航Module 3 Literature SectionIntroduction & Reading and Speaking.重点单词1scene n. 场景；场面2feed v. 喂养；为提供食品3appetite n. 胃口；食欲4whisper v. 低声地说；耳语5support n. 支撑物6seize v抓住7hang v. 绞死；吊死8lock v. 用锁锁(起来)9reward n. 酬谢；奖赏；赏金10novelist n. 小说家novel n. 小说11cruel adj. 冷酷的cruelty n. 残酷12desp
8、erate adj. 绝望的 (with)；非常需要的(for)desperately adv. 绝望的desperation n. 绝望 (in)13healthy adj. 健康的health n. 健康(状况)14astonishment n. 震惊；惊讶astonish v. 使震惊；使惊讶astonished adj. 震惊的；惊讶的(at)astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的15serve v. 端上(饭菜等)service n. 服务16eager adj. 热切的；渴望的eagerness n. 热切；渴望.核心短语1in_astonishment 惊讶地；吃惊地2st
9、are_at 凝视，盯着看3hold_on_to 抓紧，握紧4disagree_with 不同意5in a.voice 用声音(说)，声地6hit sb.on the head 打某人的头 7pick out 挑选出 8put up 张贴；搭建 9be desperate with 因而绝望 10be cruel to 对残酷.经典句式1The bowls never needed_washing,_as the boys cleaned them with their spoons, trying to eat every bit of soup.从来不需要刷碗，孩子们会用勺子把汤碗清理得一
10、干二净，试图吃掉每一点汤。2Not until at least thirty seconds had passed was_the_man_able_to speak.至少过了三十秒钟，那个男人才说出话来。3No_sooner_had_the_boy_spoken these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon.孩子的话刚出口，大师傅就操起勺子敲他的脑袋。4I never_was_more_sure_of anything in my lifethat boy will be hanged.这辈子我还从没
11、有对什么事情这么肯定过呢那个孩子一定会被吊死。课文预读Oliver Asks for MoreThe room in which the boys were fed was a large stone hall, with a large pot at one end【1】. The warden， helped by two women【2】， served the soup from this pot at meal times. Each boy was allowed one bowl of soup and no more, except on special holidays wh
12、en he was given another 60 grams of bread【3】. The bowls never needed washing, as the boys cleaned them with their spoons, trying to eat every bit of soup【4】. This never took very long, as the spoons were almost as large as the bowls.When they had cleaned their bowls in this way, they would sit stari
13、ng at the pot with eager eyes, as if they wanted to eat it.【5】 Boys usually have excellent appetites. Oliver Twist and his companions slowly starved for three months until finally, they became quite wild with hunger.There was one boy who was tall for his age, and was not used to being hungry all the
14、 time, as his father had kept a small cook shop【6】This boy told his friends that he had to have another bowl of soup each day. If he did not, he was afraid that one night he might eat the small young boy who slept next to him【7】. The tall boy had a wild, hungry look in his eye and everyone believed
15、him. The boys had a meeting. They decided that one of them should walk up to the warden after supper that evening and ask for more food. They wrote their names on pieces of paper and picked one out. It was Oliver Twist who was chosen.【8】feed v. 喂养；为提供食品feed on (动物)以为食feed.to.(人)把喂给pot n. 锅【1】in whic
16、h the boys were fed为“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The room。with a large pot at one end是with复合结构，起补充说明的作用。warden n. 管理员【2】helped.women是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰The warden。serve v. 端上(饭菜等)【3】when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词holidays。【4】need washingneed to be washed (需要洗), as在此引导原因状语从句，其中trying to eat.soup作伴随状语。stare at 凝视；盯着看eager adj.
17、 热切的；渴望的be eager for.渴望be eager to do sth.渴望做某事【5】这是一个主从复合句，其中When引导时间状语从句，staring at.是现在分词短语作伴随状语，as if引导方式状语从句，从句中使用了虚拟语气。appetite n. 胃口；食欲companion n. 伙伴，同伴starve v. (使)挨饿，饿死be (not) used to doing sth. (不)习惯于做某事keep 此处表示“经营”，相当于run。【6】此处who引导定语从句，修饰先行词one boy。从句中含有一个as引导的原因状语从句。【7】此处who引导定语从句，修饰先
18、行词boy。pick out精心挑选；认出来，辨别出【8】该句是强调句型，强调主语Oliver Twist。assistant n. 助理，助手down ones throat 沿着某人的喉咙(咽下去)whisper v. 低声地说；耳语nudge v. 推开desperate adj. 绝望的be desperate for 渴望得到be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事misery n. 痛苦；悲惨的生活译文助读奥利弗还要男孩儿们吃饭的场所是一间很大的石厅，一口大锅放在大厅一侧。开饭的时候，管理员从锅里舀粥，有两个女人替他打杂。每个男孩只允许分一碗粥，绝不多给，除非在特
19、别的节日，他们才可以再分到60克的面包。粥碗从来用不着洗，因为孩子们会用汤匙把碗刮得明光锃亮了，试图吃掉每一点粥。这也从来不用花多少时间，因为汤匙差不多和碗一样大。当他们这样把碗刮干净后，就坐在那儿，眼巴巴地瞅着汤锅，似乎要把它也吞进肚子里。男孩子们的胃口通常都很好。三个月以来，奥利弗特威斯特和同伴们一起忍受着慢性饥饿的煎熬，到后来饿得都快发疯了。其中有个男孩子，个子较同龄人高，而且不习惯总这么挨俄，因为他父亲开过一家小饭铺。他跟同伴们说他每天必须多吃一碗粥。否则，他担心哪天晚上他会把睡在他身边的那个小男孩吃掉。那个高个子男孩儿的眼睛里闪动着一副野性的饥饿目光，孩子们都信以为真。男孩子们开了一
20、个会。他们决定在当天晚上吃过饭以后，其中的一个人走到管理员那里再要一点食物。他们将姓名写在纸片上，抽出一张。奥利弗特威斯特被抽中了。夜晚来临，孩子们坐在各自的位子上。管理员站在锅边，打下手的人排成一行站在他的身后。粥分给孩子们后就被一扫而光了。孩子们交头接耳，坐在奥利弗旁边的那些孩子们用胳膊肘推他。因饥饿与苦难而绝望的奥利弗从桌边站起来，手里拿着碗和汤匙，朝管理员走去。被自己的勇气吓了一跳的他说道：“对不起，先生，我还要一点。”管理员是个身强体壮的胖子，但他的脸变得煞白。他瞪着那个孩子，完全惊呆了，手抓着锅以求站稳。至少过了30秒钟，他才说出话来。“什么？”管理员最后开了口，声音有气无力。“先
21、生，求求你了，我还要。”奥利弗答道。孩子的话刚出口，管理员就操起勺子狠狠地敲他的脑袋。然后他抓住奥利弗的胳膊不放，同时大声呼喊本伯先生。济贫院的理事们正在开会，这时本伯先生冲进房间，情绪十分激动。他对主持会议的人说道：“林勃金斯先生，请您原谅。奥利弗特威斯特还要！”房间里所有的人脸上都露出大为惊诧的神色。“还要！”林勃金斯先生说。“仔细想想，本伯先生，清楚地回答我的话。我该没有听错，你是说他吃了他的那碗粥以后还要？”“是这样的，先生，”本伯回答说。“我还从来没听过这样的事呢！”林勃金斯先生说道。“他们会把那个孩子吊死，”一个穿着白色夹克的绅士说道，“我断定他们会把他吊死。”对这位绅士的看法，谁
22、也没有反驳。理事会进行了一番激烈的讨论。奥利弗立即就被关进了一个房间。第二天早晨，济贫院的大门上贴出一张告示，向愿意雇用奥利弗特威斯特的人提供奖赏。“这辈子我还从没有对什么事这么肯定过。”第二天早晨，那个穿着白色夹克的绅士一边敲门，一边读着这张告示说道，“这辈子我还从没有对什么事这么肯定过那个孩子一定会被吊死。”课文理解Step Fast reading1Match the following paragraphs with their main ideas.(1)Para.1AResult of Olivers asking for more.(2)Paras.2 & 3 BProcess
23、of Olivers asking for more.(3)Paras.412 CReason of Olivers asking for more.答案：(1)(3)CBA2The passage is mainly about _.AOlivers happy lifeBOliver and his companions satisfying lifeCOliver and his companions terrible lifeDOlivers study experience答案：CStep Careful readingRead the text carefully and choo
24、se the best answer.1Who served the soup from the pot at meal times?AOnly the warden.BA man who kept a small cook shop.CThe warden and two other women.DA gentleman in a white jacket.答案：C2Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?AEach of the boys was allowed to have one bowl of soup and 60
25、 grams of bread.BThe boys usually washed the bowls themselves after each meal.COliver and his companions slowly starved for 3 months.DOliver and his companions found the work in the workhouse very hard.答案：C3How did Oliver feel when he was chosen to ask for more food?AExcited. BDesperate.CHopeful. DC
26、onfident.答案：B4The wardens face became very pale because he _.Awas a fat manBwas frightenedCcould not standDwas in complete astonishment答案：D5How did the managers react to Olivers request for more?AThey thought it was interesting.BThey gave him more food.CThey hit Oliver with a soup spoon.DThey would
27、punish the boy for his request.答案：DStep After readingThe warden served the soup from a pot at meal times. Each boy only had one bowl of soup, _1_ on special holidays he had another 60 grams of bread. Because of their excellent _2_ (appetite), Oliver Twist and his companions _3_ (starve) for three mo
28、nths. As a result of a tall boy, they decided that one of them should ask for more food. At last, Oliver Twist was _4_ (choose)One evening, after the soup was served and disappeared down the boys throats, Oliver, who was _5_ with hunger and misery, rose from the table and walked towards the master,
29、saying with _6_：I want some more. The warden stared in complete _7_ (astonish) at him and held on to the pot for _8_， and his face became very pale.The warden hit Oliver on the head and _9_ (seize) Olivers arms, while Mr Bumble rushed into a meeting room and told the managers of the workhouse what h
30、appened.Finally, the gentlemen maybe _10_ (hang) Oliver Twist, and at least they might send him away.1but2.appetites3.starved4.chosen5.desperate6courage7.astonishment8.support9.seized10.hang1 scene n. (戏剧中的)场；场景；场面；风景景色；事发地点，现场(教材P29)The photo shows a famous scene from the film of Oliver Twist, one
31、of his most popular novels.这张照片展现了电影雾都孤儿中的一个著名场景，这是他最有名的小说之一。归纳拓展at the scene of在现场come on the scene 出现；到场behind the scenes 在幕后，秘密地，暗中on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上演出经典例句We missed the first few scenes of the film.我们错过了这场电影开始的几个镜头。The night scene in Shanghai is quite beautiful.上海的夜景非常美。Reporters were soon o
32、n the scene after the accident.事故发生后不久记者们就赶到了现场。即学即练写出下列句中scene的含义Some of the more violent scenes are very disturbing.场面，场景The boats in the harbour make a beautiful scene.风景，景色2 serve v. 端上(饭菜等)；服务，接待；服役，(为)工作(教材P30)The warden, helped by two women, served the soup from this pot at meal times.开饭的时候，管
33、理员从锅里舀汤，有两个女人给他打杂。归纳拓展(1)serve sb.with sth.serve sth. to sb.用某物招待某人，给人端上serve sth.with sth. 某物配着某物一起端上serve aswork/act as 担任，当作，起作用serve the people heart and soul 全心全意为人民服务(2)service n. 接待，服务at sb.s service 随时为某人服务经典例句Neighbors enjoy meeting new people, and some families even serve drinks and cakes
34、to their neighbors.邻居们乐意认识新人，有些家庭甚至还用饮料和点心招待他们的新邻居。The holes were sufficiently large to serve as nests.这些洞作鸟巢足够大。If I can help you, I am at your service.要是我能帮忙的话，我愿为你效劳。名师点津serve用于“服务”时，是及物动词；“服役”时，为不及物动词。即学即练完成句子The waiters served_the_guests_with red wine.侍者为客人上红酒。Years later, Liu Bang, who founded
35、 the Han Dynasty, asked Han Xin to serve_as one of his generals.多年后，建立汉朝的刘邦请韩信担任一名大将。3 (教材P30)When they had cleaned their bowls in this way, they would sit staring at the pot with eager eyes, as if they wanted to eat it.他们这样把碗刮干净后，就坐在那儿，眼巴巴地瞅着汤锅，似乎要把它也吞进肚子里。归纳拓展be eager for. 渴望be eager to do sth. 渴望
36、做某事be eager that. 热切希望经典例句The head is eager that all the workers (should) come in time.队长热切希望所有工人都按时来。Its human that everyone is eager for success.人人都渴望成功，这是人之常情。Im eager to know what your decision is.我急于想知道你的决定是什么。名师点津eager后接从句时，从句的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。辨析比较eager, anxiouseager“渴望的，热切的”，指以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或
37、达到目的anxious“担心的，焦虑的”，指热切地希望实现愿望，并因担心愿望落空而心情不安或感到焦虑即学即练单句语法填空Some of us were confident and eager to_take (take) part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.I wasnt able to hide my eagerness (eager) when I was asked, “What do you wish me to do now？”The president is eager that the proje
38、ct (should)_be_started (start) early.4 whisper vt. & vi. 小声说，耳语，低声地说 n. 耳语(声)，低语(声)(教材P30)The boys whispered to each other, and those next to Oliver nudged him.孩子们交头接耳，坐在奥利弗旁边的那些孩子们用胳膊肘推他。归纳拓展(1)whisper about sth.低声说whisper sth.in sb.s ear 在某人耳边低声说whisper (sth.) to sb. 对某人低声说(某事)whisper (to sb.) tha
39、t. 低声(跟某人)说(2)in a whisper/in whispers 小声地，低声地经典例句What are you two whispering about over there?你们俩在那里嘀咕些什么？James leaned over to whisper something to Tom.詹姆斯俯身对汤姆低声说了些什么。Mum whispered to us, “Be quiet! Your little sisters sleeping.”妈妈小声对我们说：“安静点！你们的小妹妹正在睡觉。”He whispered to me that he was afraid.他低声对我
40、说他害怕。They talked with each other in a whisper/in whispers in the corner.他们在那个角落里低声交谈。语境串记I saw Jack and Henry talk to each other in a whisper/in whispers. Suddenly Jack leaned and whispered something in Henrys ear. I wanted to know what they were whispering about. I whispered to Mary that I would sn
41、eak close to find it out. 我看到杰克和亨利在低声交谈。突然，杰克探身在亨利耳边低声说了点儿什么。我想知道他们在低声说些什么。我小声对玛丽说，我要悄悄走过去弄清楚。即学即练单句语法填空His aunt was sleeping. The young man whispered to his uncle for fear of waking her up.What did your boss say to you at the meeting?She spoke in whispers (whisper), so I didnt hear.5 support n. 支撑物
42、，支持者；支柱；支撑，支持；给予帮助、同情等的人 v. 支撑；支持；资助，供养(教材P30)He stared in complete astonishment at the child and held on to the pot for support.他完全惊呆了，瞪着那个孩子，手抓着锅以求站稳。归纳拓展(1)n. C支撑物；U支撑vt.支撑，支护(2)vt. & n. U支持，鼓励，拥护in support of (in favour of)支持support sb.in sth. 在某方面支持某人(3)vt. 扶养，赡养，养活support oneself 自食其力supporter
43、 n. 支持者，拥护者supportive adj. 同情的，支持的，给予帮助的经典例句The bridge fell down because it didnt have enough support.这座桥倒塌了，因为它没有足够的支撑。The chair wont support his weight.这把椅子支撑不住他的体重。Only a few people spoke in support of the proposal.只有几个人表示支持这一提议。His family supported him in his decision.他的家人支持他的决定。I supported myse
44、lf when I was studying in university.在读大学期间我自食其力。Young as he is, he has a big family to support.尽管他很年轻，他却要养活一大家子人。语境串记The supporters of the antismoking campaign provided lots of examples of the harm of smoking in support of their opinion. At the same time, they called on teenagers to be supportive i
45、n this campaign.禁烟运动的支持者提供了许多吸烟的危害的例子以支持他们的观点。同时，他们还呼吁青少年在这场运动中给予帮助。即学即练(1)单句语法填空We support the police wholeheartedly in their work against crime.To be truly supportive (support), you should give your friends a hand when they are in trouble.Not surprisingly, my mother was one of my strongest support
46、ers (support)(2)翻译句子You can never imagine the hard time I had supporting the big family all on my own.你永远想象不出我独自一人养活一个大家庭的困难日子。Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries (卡车)?这座桥牢固到足以支撑重型卡车吗？6 (教材P31)“Theyll hang that boy，” said a gentleman in a white jacket.“他们会把那个孩子吊死，”一个穿着白色夹克的绅士说道。归纳拓
47、展(1)vt. & vi. (被)绞死，吊死。过去式和过去分词都是hanged。hang about/around闲荡，逗留hang up 挂断电话hang on to sth. 抓紧某物；不放弃hang on (hold on) (电话用语)别挂电话；抓紧；坚持，不放弃(2)vt. & vi. 悬挂，吊；垂下。过去式和过去分词都是hung。经典例句The man was hanged for murder.那个人因谋杀被处以绞刑。It was astonishing that he hanged himself.令人震惊的是他上吊自杀了。On the opposite wall is han
48、ging one map as well as dozens of pictures.对面墙上挂着一张地图和几十幅画。She hung her head in shame.她羞愧得垂下了头。特别提醒几组拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词，注意牢记：hanghangedhanged (绞死)hanghunghung (悬挂)laylaidlaid (放置)lieliedlied (说谎)lielaylain (平躺)findfoundfound (发现)foundfoundedfounded (建立)即学即练单句语法填空He hung (hang) his coat behind the door a
49、fter he came into the room.She laid (lay) the baby on the bed and went to cook dinner.It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.Sorry, I have to hang up now. Its time for class.OK, Ill call back later.7 reward n. C悬赏金；C，U报酬，奖励 vt. 资源，奖赏，给以报酬(教材P31)The next morning
50、a notice was put up on the door of the workhouse, offering a reward to anybody who would employ Oliver Twist.第二天早晨，济贫院的大门上贴出一张告示，向愿意雇用奥利弗特威斯特的人提供奖赏。归纳拓展(1)a reward for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而获得的奖励in reward (for.) 作为(对的)回报/奖赏(2)reward sb.with. 用奖励某人reward sb.for (doing). 因(做)奖赏某人rewarding adj. 有益的，值得做的；
51、报酬高的经典例句A 1,000 reward has been offered for the return of the stolen painting.已悬赏1 000英镑寻找失窃的画。I will give you a gift in reward for your help.作为对你的帮助的回报，我将给你一个礼物。They rewarded the winners with fruits and flowers.他们用水果和鲜花奖励获胜者。They rewarded him for saving the child.他们因他救了那个小孩而奖赏他。The job is not very
52、rewarding in terms of money, but he can get valuable experience from it.从钱的方面来说这份工作不值得做，但他能从中得到宝贵的经验。即学即练单句语法填空The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.He rewarded the boy with $10 for repairing his car.The girl got nothing in re
53、ward for her kindness, which made her very sad.When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding (reward)1 (教材P30)He stared in complete astonishment at the child and held on to the pot for support.他瞪着那个孩子，完全惊呆了，手抓着锅以求站稳。归纳拓展(1)in astonishment为固定短
54、语，通常在句中作状语，相当于in surprise。(2)astonishment n. 惊讶；令人惊讶的事物to ones astonishment 令某人惊讶的是(3)astonished adj. 感到十分惊讶(多修饰人)astonishing adj. 使人十分惊讶的(多修饰物)经典例句She stood there, staring at the result of the experiment in astonishment.她站在那里，惊讶地盯着实验结果。To my astonishment, she remembered my name.令我惊讶的是，她记得我的名字。I fin
55、d it quite astonished that none of you liked the play.我感到非常惊讶的是你们谁都不喜欢那部戏剧。He is astonished to hear he has got the job.他听到获得了那份工作而感到惊讶。名师点津“in名词”结构的常见短语还有：in secret秘密地in comfort 舒适地in detail 详细地in danger 处于危险中in peace 平静地in silence 沉默地；寂静地in surprise 吃惊地in anger 生气地in public 当众in pain 痛苦地in despair
56、绝望地即学即练单句语法填空“Didnt you have a good time at the party？” she looked at me and asked in astonishment.If you are not happy with it, you should say it out. Dont just suffer in silence (silent)2 (教材P31)The next morning a notice was put up on the door of the workhouse, offering a reward to anybody who wou
57、ld employ Oliver Twist.第二天早晨，济贫院门外贴出了一张告示，向愿意雇用奥利弗特威斯特的人提供奖赏。归纳拓展put away收起来put off 延期；推迟put out 熄灭；扑灭put up with 忍受；忍耐put forward 提出(意见、建议)put on 穿上；上演经典例句The lady put up some posters to look for her pet dog.那位女士张贴了一些寻找她的宠物狗的告示。After the earthquake in Chile, many tents were put up for the local res
58、idents.智利地震后，为当地居民搭建了许多帐篷。The visit has to be put off because of the rain.由于下雨，访问不得不延期。What do you think of the plan put forward by Jack?你认为杰克提出的计划怎样？即学即练写出下列句子中put up的汉语意思It was our monitor who put up this notice yesterday.张贴A lot of tents have been put up for the injured.搭建I will be very glad to p
59、ut you up when you come to our hometown.给提供膳宿If you have any questions in class, you must put up your hands.举起1(教材P30) The room in which the boys were fed was a large stone hall, with a large pot at one end.男孩儿们吃饭的场所是一间很大的石厅，一口大锅放在大厅一侧。本句中in which the boys were fed为“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词room。介词短语with
60、 a large pot at one end为with复合结构，作后置定语，修饰hall。归纳拓展使用“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句时要注意以下几点：(1)在此结构中，关系代词只能用whom (先行词指人)，which (先行词指物)和whose (表示所属关系)。(2)可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略，但若介词后置，则可以用that代替which，who代替whom。(3)介词的确定原则：根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；根据定语从句中谓语动词或主要形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；根据定语从句的意义来确
61、定介词。(4)某些在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语的“介词关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when, where, why等互换。(5)有时which在定语从句中可以作定语。经典例句This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars.This is the ring that/which she spent 1,000 dollars on.这就是她花1 000美元买的戒指。A friend is someone who draws out your best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become
62、more knowledgeable.朋友就是能使你表现出自己最佳品质的人，与他(她)在一起你就会精神焕发，更有见识。Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering.上个月，东南亚部分地区遭洪水袭击，人们仍在遭受其影响。The economist with whom all of us are familiar will visit our company.我们大家都熟悉的那位经济学家将要访问我们公司。(根据从句中形容词famil
63、iar的习惯搭配确定用介词with)This is my glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.这是我的眼镜，没有它我什么也看不清。(根据从句的意义确定用介词without)Id like you to explain the reason for which (why) you were absent.我想让你解释一下你缺席的原因。即学即练单句语法填空Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.Instead o
64、f making many excuses for which you cannot reach your goal, just stick to your dream and never give up.In summer you are usually caught in the thunderstorm, in which case you shouldnt stand under a big tree or below a tall building for shelter.I would like to thank my tutor Dr King, without whose he
65、lp I would never have achieved such a big success.Later I wrote a letter of gratitude to the British gentleman, from whom I got lots of help during my stay in London.2(教材P30) The bowls never needed washing， as the boys cleaned them with their spoons， trying to eat every bit of soup.粥碗从来用不着洗，因为孩子们会用汤
66、匙把碗刮得明光锃亮，试图吃掉每一点粥。这是一个复合词，as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”。从句中的trying to eat every bit of soup作状语，其逻辑主语为the boys。主句The bowls never needed washing属于“sth.needs doing”结构。归纳拓展(1)“sth.needs doing”结构“sth.needs doing”表示“某事需要被做”，need在此为实义动词，意为“需要”，doing虽为主动形式，但表示被动意义，doing可用to be done替换。(2)need作实义动词，当“需要”讲时，还可用于以下结构：n
67、eed to do sth.需要做某事(主语通常是人，主语与do之间是逻辑上的主谓关系经典例句The computer has been broken for long; it needs to be repaired/repairing.这台电脑已经坏了很长时间了，它需要修理。My spoken English is not bad, but my written English needs to be improved/improving.我的英语口语还不错，但我的书面英语需要提高。In this article, you need to back up these general sta
68、tements with specific examples.在这篇文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支撑这些概述。名师点津具有类似用法的动词还有want, require (需要)，deserve (值得)。Your hair requires cutting/to be cut.你的头发该理了。The man deserves punishing/to be punished.这个人应该受到惩罚。即学即练单句语法填空We need to_get (get) to the root of the problem before we can solve it.Weve had a good star
69、t, but next, more work needs doing/to_be_done (do) to achieve the final success.3(教材P30) When they had cleaned their bowls in this way， they would sit staring at the pot with eager eyes， as if they wanted to eat it.当他们这样把碗刮干净后，就坐在那儿，眼巴巴地瞅着汤锅，似乎要把它也吞进肚子里。When they had cleaned their bowls in this way为
70、时间状语从句；would表示过去的习惯；staring at the pot with eager eyes为现在分词短语作sit的伴随状语；as if they wanted to eat it为方式状语从句，从句用的是陈述语气。归纳拓展经典例句Listen to the thunder! It seems as if it is going to rain.听雷声！天看起来似乎要下雨了。(陈述语气)He talks as if/though he knew everything about it.他讲起话来就好像关于此事他什么都知道似的。(与现在事实相反)You treat them as
71、 if/though they were your parents.你对待他们就好像他们是你的父母一样。(与现在事实相反)即学即练单句语法填空John stepped onto the stage without hesitation as if he had_been_preparing (prepare) for this moment all his life.解析：句意：约翰毫不犹豫地走上舞台，好像他一生都在为这个时刻做准备。从句表示与过去的事实相反的情况，且根据“all his life”可知该从句应用过去完成进行时。I dont know why she is looking at
72、 me as if she knew (know) me. Ive never seen her before.解析：as if在此引导方式状语从句，从句用一般过去时表示与现在的事实相反的情况。It is known to all my classmates that I can speak English as if I were (be) a native speaker.解析：此处as if引导的从句需要用虚拟语气，表示与现在的事实相反的情况，应用一般过去时，be动词用were。To the couples great surprise, the house was in a mess
73、as if broken (break) into.解析：as if引导状语从句，从句中省略了“it was”。break into与house之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处填过去分词broken。4(教材P31) No sooner had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon.孩子的话刚出口，大师傅就操起汤勺狠狠地敲他的脑袋。no sooner.than.表示“一就”，该句式为时间从属连词，引导时间状语从句，主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。no soo
74、ner位于句首时，主句要采用部分倒装结构，而than引导的从句不倒装。hardly.when.这个句式的用法和no sooner.than.相同。归纳拓展英语中常见的表示“一就”的句式还有：as soon as.the moment/the minute/the instant/the second.immediately/instantly/directly.on/upon名词/动名词at名词at the sight/thought of. 一看到/一想到经典例句I had no sooner arrived than he called.No sooner had I arrived th
75、an he called.我一到达他就打开电话。He will go to see you the instant he gets here.他一到这里就会去看你。He said hed phone you the moment/the instant he got home.他说他一回家就给你打电话。He recognized her instantly/immediately he caught a glimpse of her.他一看见她就把她认出来了。即学即练单句语法填空On arriving at home, I discovered he had gone.5 (教材P31) Th
76、e managers of the workhouse were having a meeting when Mr Bumble rushed into the room in great excitement.济贫院的理事们正在开会，这时本伯先生冲进房间，情绪十分激动。本句是一个并列句，when用作并列连词，意为“正在这时(突然)”，表示一个动作正在进行时，突然发生了另外一件事。归纳拓展sb.was doing sth.when.(1)此句型表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然)”，句中when作并列连词，连接两个并列分句，前一分句用过去进行时，后一分句通常用一般过去时。(2)When在此表示“
77、这时/那时(突然)”，相当于and then, and just then或and at that time。且when可与suddenly连用以加强语气。此时when不能用while替换。经典例句I was studying when my phone suddenly rang.我正在学习，这时电话突然响了。I was thinking about the matter when I heard my name called.我正想着这件事，这时突然听到有人叫我的名字。名师点津I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang.我刚做完
78、试卷，这时铃声响了。We were about to start when it began to rain.我们刚要出发，这时天开始下雨了。He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.他正要离开，这时有人敲门。即学即练单句语法填空I was about to give up when the old man cheered me up. Although I was very tired, with his encouragement, I finished my first minimarathon.I w
79、as_driving (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.Mrs Woo Meifong said that her husband had just left for work when she felt (feel) that the house was shaking.单词拼写1Exercise will improve your appetite (食欲) for food.2The last Ming emperor hanged (吊死) himself from thi
80、s tree.3He touched me with his fingers, whispering (耳语) to me in my ears, “The teacher is coming.”4Charles Dickens is one of Englands most famous novelists(小说家)5That mans brother seized(抓住) him and took him away.6This platform would serve (充当) as a port and a railway station.7I had no money left and
81、 was desperate (绝望的) 8.The photo shows a famous scene (场景) from the film called Oliver Twist.9She cares about the welfare (福利) of everyone.10Many people died of starvation(饥饿) during the war times.用方框中短语的适当形式填空be eager for, feed on, whisper to, in astonishment, in a low voice, no sooner.than., be cr
82、uel to, hang up1I am sorry I have to hang_up now. Someone is knocking at the door.2Some of them are_eager_for romance, while others enjoy being single.3After my lecture, the chairman compared notes with the president in_a_low_voice.4Bats fly at night and feed_on insects and fruit.5The sisters whispered_to each other when they passed this spot.6Madame Grandet and her daughter looked at each other in_astonishment.7No_sooner had I heard the knock than I opened the door.8I cant stand people who are_cruel_to animals.
