1、专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考第2课时 解给提示词类语法填空专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考怎么考完形填空类语法填空题也就是有提示词类的语法填空,主要考查谓语动词的时态、语态;非谓语动词;形容词或副词的比较级;词类转化等。怎么学 平时学习及训练中,注意主、从句谓语形式,常用时态、语态的用法,及构词法,把语言的学习运用到实践中去。怎么解 注意语篇的整体性,在提示词的基础上简单转化即可得出答案。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考方法探究1 当句子缺少谓语动词时,括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时,要根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态;然后,根据语境确定用哪种时态;同时,还必须考虑主谓一致
2、和虚拟语气等。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考【典例剖析】1.(2016全国卷)So it was a great honour to be invited backstageat the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps payfor research,I_62_(allow)to get up close to these cute animalsat the 600-acre centre.答案 was allowed 此处空格缺少谓语,根据语境及allowsb to do sth这一固定句式可知,此处要用一般过去时的被动语
3、态形式。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考2.(2015全国卷)It was raining lightly when I _61_(arrive)inYangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.答案 arrived 考查时态。分析句子结构可知设空处为谓语动词。由主句中的was和后一句中的didnt可知,这里使用一般过去时态,故填arrived。3.(2014全国卷)In 1969,the pollution was terrible along theCuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio.It _61_(be)unimagi
4、nablethat it could ever be cleaned up.答案 was 分析句子成份,所给词就是谓语动词,根据语境,讲述的是过去的事情,故填入was。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考方法探究2 当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列,该动词就是非谓语动词。此时,就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语,就用动名词(一般)或不定式形式(具体);作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用动词不定式;作伴随状语或作定语,要根据与逻辑主语的关系,用现在分词或过去分词;有时也要根据句式搭配来确定,如see/hear/notice sb do/doing sth,spe
5、nd.doing sth等。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考【典例剖析】1.(2015全国卷)When a new day breaks,the walls have givenup their heat and are now cold enough _46_(cool)the houseduring the hot day;47(at)the same time,they warm up againfor the night.答案 to cool 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句含有when引导的时间状语从句,主句中已有谓语动词are且设空处不作并列谓语,应考虑用非谓语动词。“beadj
6、.enough”后需用不定式作状语。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考2.(2015全国卷)A study of travelers _68_(conduct)by thewebsite TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10destinations in the world.答案 conducted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句主干为A study of travelers names Yangshuo as.谓语动词为names,且设空处不作names的并列谓语,而是作后置定语,应考虑用非谓语动词。因study和conduct之间
7、为被动关系,所以使用过去分词作定语。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考3.(2014 全国卷)It took years of work _65_(reduce)theindustrial pollution and clean the water.答案 to reduce 句中已有谓语动词took,所给动词reduce前又无连接词,因此断定是非谓语动词;It takes/took sometime to do sth为固定句式,故填入to reduce。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考方法探究3 当括号中所给词是形容词或副词,且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,要根据语境,理解句意,若该词意思不变,逻辑
8、上讲得通,就很可能填该词的比较级(或最高级);若需要用与该词意义相反的意思逻辑才通顺的,就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。注意:要善于分析语境,辨别省略了than.的隐性比较级等其他语法现象。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考【典例剖析】1.(2016全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify(识 别)those of_61_(great)and less importance.答案 greater 考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的and less可知,
9、此处也要用比较级形式。2.(2014全国卷).Finally,that hard work paid off and now thewater in the river is _(clean)than ever.答案 cleaner 根据方法探究3,此处应填入cleaner。“比较级than.”为比较级的固定结构。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考3.(2012广东卷)It might have made it a little _(hard)foreverybody because it meant they had to turn around,but.答案 harder 作宾补依然是要用形容词
10、,所以不作词类转换,可考虑比较级;句中a little修饰比较级harder,表示“更难一点”。故填入harder。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考方法探究4 当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转化。我们可根据以下3条规则顺利解题:(1)作主语或宾语用名词形式;(2)作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式;(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词,作状语,用副词形式。注意:有时不但要注意词性转换,而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀,其逻辑意义才通顺。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考【典例剖析】1.(2016全国卷)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,
11、Asiasbiggest buildings,and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top_61_(attract).答案 attraction 空格处的词作表语,而且空格前有形容词和物主代词,因此要用其名词形式。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考2.(2015全国卷)Abercrombie&Kent,a travel company inHong Kong,says it _69_(regular)arranges quick getawayshere for people living in Shanghai a
12、nd Hong Kong.答案 regularly 考查形容词变副词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中修饰谓语动词arrange,故应该用其副词形式regularly。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考3.(2015全国卷)In addition to their simple beauty,what makesthe adobe dwellings admirable is their _43_(able)to“aircondition”a house without using electric equipment.答案 ability 考查形容词变名词。空格前的their是形容词性物主代词,其后应
13、该接名词,故填ability。4.(2015 全 国 卷 )As_49_(nature)architects,the PuebloIndians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed tobe to make the cycle work on most days.答案 natural 考查名词变形容词。空格后architects为名词,应该用一个形容词作定语修饰,故填natural。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考5.People certainly have a variety of reasons for going bac
14、k toschool but one important thing to know is,no knowledge is_(use).答案 useless 考查词义转换。作表语要用形容词;又由句意可知,作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”,故填useless。注意:括号中所给词为名词时,有可能不是考查词性转换,而是考查单复数。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考6.(2015全国卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place fortourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters ofthe Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese_65_(painting).答案 paintings 考查名词的单复数。因为该词由so many修饰,所以用复数形式,故填paintings。