1、专题五 动词的时态和语态达标检测单句语法填空1(2020新高考卷)The parts of a museum open to the public _are called (call) galleries or rooms. 解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意：博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。2(2020新课标卷)The unmanned Change 4 probe (探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chines
2、e moon goddess _touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 解析：考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时。故填touched。3(2020新课标卷)“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have
3、 the chance to obtain information about how the moon _is constructed (construct). ”解析：考查时态和语态以及主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态；再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时；主语the moon是单数。故填is constructed。4(2020新课标卷)The artist was s
4、ure he would _be chosen (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed. 解析：考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。5(2020新课标卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he cou
5、ld find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _pointed (point) down the river. 解析：考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。6(2020浙江卷)And，as more children were born，more food_was needed (need). 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动
6、逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。7(2020浙江卷)Then，with the rise of science，changes began. New methods _meant (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant
7、。8(2020天津卷改编)You are a great swimmer. Thanks. Its because I _have been practising (practise)a lot these days. 解析：考查时态。句意：你游泳很棒。谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故填have been practising。9(2020江苏卷改编)Instead of getting down to a new task as I _had expected (exp
8、ect), he examined the previous work again. 解析：考查动词时态。句意：他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故填 had expected。10(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _have reported (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief th
9、at populations are increasing. 解析：考查动词时态。根据其前时间状语in recent years和主语people可知，空格处为现在完成时。故填have reported。11 (2019全国卷)I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _have made (make) over the years. 解析：over the years常与完成时连用，在此意为“(从过去某时到现在的)多年来”。根据主句谓
10、语动词love的时态可知，定语从句的谓语动词make应用现在完成式。12(2019全国卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene _declared (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 解析：考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had可知用一般过去时态。故填declared。13(2019全国卷)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and
11、_recommended (recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. 解析：考查一般过去时态。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。14(2019浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _will have/has (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). 解析：考查时
12、态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。15(2019浙江卷)One study in America found that students grades _improved (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 解析：考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩
13、有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。16(2019北京卷)On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I _voiced (voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends？”解析：考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是
14、一年级的事情，参照语境中的stood可知，用一般过去式。故填voiced。17 (2019北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question _suggests/suggested/has suggested (suggest)that，for most students，it doesnt. 解析：考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般过去时；根据it doesnt可知是现在的情况，故用一般现在时或现在完成时均可。
15、故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。18 (2019天津卷)I _had hoped (hope)to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldnt manage it. 解析： 考查时态。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。couldnt manage用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时，表示过去本打算做某事而没有做成。19(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live fore
16、ver, the review says it _is (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 解析：考查谓语动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个客观事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。20(2018全国卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _started (start) a soil-testing program
17、that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 77 million tons. 解析：考查谓语动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用一般过去时。故填started。21(2018全国卷)True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _meant (mean)me no real harm. He was just s
18、aying: “Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder！”解析：考查谓语动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。22(全国卷)This cycle _goes (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. 解析：此处指
19、这种循环日复一日地不断持续下去，由冒号后内容的时态可知这种情况是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。23(2019天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, _was given (give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 解析：本题考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。由时间状语last week可知应用一般过去时；as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则，即这句话真正的主语是Amy，故用单数；由句意可知用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was gi
20、ven。24(2018浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I _was shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. 解析：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。此处表示我被震惊了。shock的主语是I，两者关系是被动，动作发生在过去。故填was shocked。25(2017全国)When fat and salt _are removed (remove) from food, the food
21、tastes as if it is missing something. 解析：根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。26(2017全国)Sarah _has been told/was told (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 解析：根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模，可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。故填h
22、as been told/was told。27(全国)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I _was allowed (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 解析：根据语境及allow sb. to do sth. 这一用法可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态形式。故填was al
23、lowed。28(全国)Truly elegant chopsticks might _be made (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 解析：根据句意筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be done。故填be made。29(四川)The giant panda _is loved (love) by people throughout the world. 解析：大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，故用一般现在时；panda此处表示单数概念，与love之间是被动关系。故填is loved。30(
24、广东)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _was left (leave). 解析：句意：他在附近的乡镇卖牛奶时用牛奶交换其他食品，剩下的东西为家人做奶酪和黄油。这里what was left是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知用被动语态。故填was left。单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1(2020新课标卷) Actually, I start to learn kung fu whe
25、n I was seven years old, but I have long been out of practice. _start改为started 解析：考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。2(2020新课标卷)For example, every morning, my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple. _had改成have 解析：考查时态。根据时间状语every morning
26、，可知这里表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词要用原形。所以had改成have。3(2019全国卷)Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. _required改为requires 解析：本句考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现在时。故把 required改为 requires。4(2018全国卷)I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. _arewere 解析：考查时态。根据上下
27、文语境可知此处要用一般过去时。故把are改为were。5(全国卷)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank. _goeswent 解析：文章描述过去的经历，上文使用了相应的过去时态，这里应保持一致，用一般过去时，所以把goes改为went。6(全国卷)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh veg
28、etables!_camecomes 解析：该句为when引导的时间状语从句，主句用的将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。7(全国卷)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years. _hadhave 解析：由in the past few years可知句子要用现在完成时。8(全国卷)It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. _hadhave 解析：根据上下文
29、语境可知此处要用一般现在时。9(全国卷)I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost much, yet we can still learn a lot. _thoughtthink 解析：句意：我认为这是一个好主意。根据下文可知，此处并不是过去的看法，而是现在的看法。10(全国)At first, I thought I knew everything. However, my parents didnt seem to think so. They always tell me what to do and how to do it
30、. _telltold 解析：根据上文可知此处应用一般过去时态。11(浙江)While they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit on the top of the fridge. _chatchatted 解析：根据主句内容my father would lift my sister可知while引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。故把chat改为chatted。12A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. _tellingtold
31、解析：句子的主语为A woman，谓语为saw，crying为宾补，由句意可知，and连接的是两个谓语，而不是两个宾补，所以把telling改为told。13Tony was scared and begun to cry. _begunbegan 解析：was scared与begun是由and连接的两个并列谓语，由was scared可知应用一般过去时，begin的过去式是began, begun是其过去分词，所以把begun改为began。14(全国)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil ar
32、e using for cooking. _usingused 解析：fresh vegetables and high quality oil与use之间为被动关系。be used for被用于。15(全国)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. _去掉been 解析：studies与show之间为主动关系，所以删除been。语法填空My best friend Kaiya is like me. She 1. _reminds (remind
33、) me of myself. In the past，I 2. _was (be) never confident because of my appearance. People always laughed at my weight, my height，my hairstyle, etc. At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I started getting depressed. However, someone told me something that I will always remember. It
34、was in March. Surrounded by a group of girls who 3. _pointed (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldnt help crying. The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river. To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes. I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li. She sa
35、id，“You 4. _are (be) perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People 5. _will accept (accept) you for who you 6. _are (be). But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7. _was inspired (inspire) by her words. Over the past few months, I 8. _
36、have learned (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9. _love (love) me for who I am. Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10. _told (tell) me. 文章大意：本文为记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉自己的朋友Kaiya：做人要自信，要相信自己。解析：1根据第一句中的时态可推知，本空应该用一般现在
37、时，又因为主语为第三人称单数，故答案为reminds。2 根据语境中的In the past可知，设空处用一般过去时，故答案为was。3根据后面的laughed可知设空处为pointed。4本句为直接引语，故用一般现在时。故答案为are。5句意：人们会接受真正的你。结合下文的then how will other people accept you可知答案为will accept。6由上下文语境可知应用一般现在时，故填are。7设空处表示过去的事情，且主语与inspire为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态was inspired。8时间状语over the past few months和现
38、在完成时连用。故答案为have learned。9 “who 9._ (love) me for who I am”为定语从句，先行词为friends，且设空处说的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时，故答案为love。10“Miss Li 10_ (tell) me”为定语从句，设空处表示过去的事情，故用一般过去时told。短文改错Today some classmates and I were served at the Capital Library as volunteers. At 9 oclock, we gathered at the gate of the library. After
39、 getting into the library, we first trained by a librarian on when to operate the computers to borrow or return books. Then, wear the volunteer uniform，we got down to our work. Some help put books on the shelves but some offered assistance to the people who had difficulty using the computers. All of
40、 us took our tasks serious. In the late afternoon, we said goodbye to the workers. On the way back, we share our feelings happily. By doing voluntary work, we are able to help others. We all believe volunteering is rewarding and looking forward to doing more voluntary work. 答案：Today some classmates
41、and I were served at the Capital Library as volunteers. At 9 oclock, we gathered at the gate of the library. After getting into the library, we first trained by a librarian on to operate the computers to borrow or return books. Then, the volunteer uniform，we got down to our work. Some put books on t
42、he shelves some offered assistance to the people who had difficulty using the computers. All of us took our tasks . In the late afternoon, we said goodbye to the workers. On the way back, we our feelings happily. By doing voluntary work, we able to help others. We all believe volunteering is rewardi
43、ng and 或 forward to doing more voluntary work. . 增分写作训练阅卷老师说：“在写作中，主动不如被动好”，即被动句比主动句表达更准确更生动。请利用被动语态升级以下句式。1We will exhibit all the works in the display hall on the third floor of the Art Center. _All the works will be exhibited in the display hall on the third floor of the Art Center._ 2We expect y
44、ou to arrive at the main gate before 9 oclock. _You are expected to arrive at the main gate before 9 oclock._ 3We select the outstanding exhibits from 200 pieces of works handed in by the teachers and students. _The outstanding exhibits are selected from 200 pieces of works handed in by the teachers and students._
