1、解题攻略3 段尾题1段落总结类例如挖空出现在段尾，通常是所在段的结论和概括。解题时注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词，如：therefore,as a result,thus,in short,to sum up,to conclude,in a word等。示例(2012新课标全国卷)These steps arent magic,but they do work.And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time,youll help yourself feel better even f
2、aster._75_D.Ah,it feels so good when the stress is gone.分析：本题挖空在段尾，且该空位于全文的结尾处，可能是与结论有关的内容。空格前面说，如果你在度过困难的过程中保持积极乐观的态度，你就会更快地帮助自己感觉更好。所以从“度过困难”到“压力自然消失”再到“感觉更好”，这是一个自然的过程，而且feel better和D项的feels so good也是相对应的。故选D。2承接上文类此类题目直接承接上文，并非是概括或总结性语句，解题时要根据与上文的逻辑关系来确定答案。示例(2013新课标全国卷).Commonly called nonprofi
3、ts,these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers._72_C.Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.分析：空格前面提到了 nonprofits，这与 C 项中的对 nonprofit businesses 进行的举例说明有着密切联系，即 C 项直接承接了前文逻辑。故选 C。3承上启下类有时挖空在段尾的空格可以起到承上启下的作用，即通
4、过空格把本段与下一段有机地结合起来。这时，我们不光要看空格前的句子，对于下一段的内容也要特别关注。示例(2014北京高考)Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how
5、to find relevant information,how to separate fact from opinion,how to recognize poor reasoning,and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources._71_Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported,a
6、nd determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study.72(D._And_examine_the_findings_of_the_original_research.)G.The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.分析：本题挖空处为第一段段尾。第一段简要提出我们要学会分析来自各种渠道的健康信息，第二段就如何对这些信息进行
7、分类整理给予一些建议。从文章篇章结构分析，空格起承上启下的作用。故选G。随堂训练ASacrificing sleep to get top grades doesnt workSacrificing sleep and skipping meals to study in looking for academic excellence actually doesnt work,a new Harvard study has revealed recently._1_.They usually like getting less sleep or adopting poor eating hab
8、its,in a search for top grades.But the new study of 4,000 British teenagers shows those who display determination,courage and persistence also tend to have healthier lifestyles.Children who study hard are also likely to look after themselves,and cultivate healthy emotional regulation skills,rather t
9、han behaving in ways that are bad for their health._2_.Studies have shown the harmful effects stress over exams have on young childrens health._3_.The study also found for the first time a link between high-achieving students and helpfulness.The research revealed that those pupils who see themselves
10、 as having potential rather than having fixed abilities are more likely to help their peers._4_.Dr Christina Hinton,a research member at the Harvard Graduate School of Education,said：“_5_，but rather cultivating healthy emotional regulation skills and effective learning strategies.Our results suggest
11、.”AChildren struggling for excellence tend to make extra sacrificesBChildren making sleep sacrifices can lead to excellenceCThe findings showed that children who work hard are also likely to develop healthyDHigh-achieving students have more potential than those low-achieving studentsEHaving a growth
12、 attitude appears to have more impacts on the others around themFA survey found very young children smoke cigarettes and use energy drinks to prepare for their examsGGetting top grades does not require pushing yourself at all costs【语篇解读】哈佛大学一项关于“决心”的研究表明，“废寝忘食”并不能有效提高成绩。1解析：空前一句的“Sacrificing sleep a
13、nd skipping meals to study in looking for academic excellence actually doesnt work”与A项中的重要信息词excellence和sacrifices相对应。且下文是A项的具体表现。故选A项。答案：A2解析：由本段第一句中的“Children who study hard are also likely to look after themselves,and cultivate healthy emotional regulation skills”可以推出选C，C项内容与其对应，且作了总结。答案：C3解析：由空前
14、的“Studies have shown the harmful effects stress over exams have on young childrens health”和空后的“The study also found”可知，选F，说明一些小孩缓解过度考试压力的具体表现。答案：F4解析：根据空前的一句可知，好心态对周边的人有着很大的影响。故选E。答案：E5解析：研究结果表明，追求好成绩并不需要不惜一切代价来逼自己，而是要培养健康的情感管理技能和高效的学习策略。由此可知，选G。答案：GBHow to Make NotesIf you are reading a novel for s
15、chool rather than just for fun,you need to get organized.Here are a few tips.First,make notes.Pencil notes in the book,but also write separate notes in a notepad._1_ What do they do in the novel?What are their aims?Everything that we are told about a character by a novelist can be related,from their
16、 appearance to the kind of food they eat.It is also a great help to be able to tell yourself the story after you have read it.Therefore,the order in which a series of events happen and plot are important._2_ This will help you bring together the observations you make about characters,settings,langua
17、ge and so on.Next,focus on themes.These are abstract ideas that the author is concerned about.Perhaps love is a major theme,or justice,peace and war._3_Themes,though,are nothing without language.Language is what novels are made of._4_ They may use metaphors(隐喻),invent symbols,or show characters who
18、are with different speech styles._5_ Is a novel told in the third person or from the point of view of a character?There are many different kinds of points of view,and they have a great effect on the readers experience of a story.APay attention to characters.BReading is very interesting.CHow does the
19、 author feel about them?DThe point of view is another very important novelistic tool.EAs you read,make a brief note of what happens in each chapter.FWriters use language in a special way to make their novels work.GWhen you read,dont forget to set down the main idea of the novel.答案：1A 2.E 3.C 4.F 5.D
20、CThere are simple ways to organize and clean sports gear(设备).It just takes a little extra effort,along with some tricks.Here are some tips.Organizing sports gearFor children playing different sports,have gym bags in different colors for each sportbasketball gets green,soccer gets red,baseball gets b
21、lue._1_As for what to do with the soccer ball or baseball bat that comes home,keep items contained to one spot in the garage.Overhead shelves and nets work well for out-of-season items,too.They are out of the way but still in sight.Cleaning sports gearMost items can go in the washing machine.Use war
22、m water,and always air-dry.For padded items with plastic,put them in a mesh(网状织物)laundry bag or a pillowcase with a zipper._2_Gym bags_3_ Its body odor(气味).You played soccer,or basketball,or fencing,and you sweat.Prevent odor from building up by putting used fabric softener sheets in the bag,or spra
23、ying the inside of the bag with aerosol deodorant.This also works well for padded helmets,where sweat gathers.Water bottlesWater bottles often get a moldy,damp smell after a sports season or two.If you have really cleaned it,if youve used a scrub brush,you may have scratched the plastic._4_ Try usin
24、g vinegar,which is safe and environmentally friendly,to kill mold and mildew.HatsThe easiest way to clean a baseball cap is to put it in the dishwasher.Then take it out and air-dry it.If you want to make sure the cap keeps a rounded shape,dry it over a coffee can._5_ Another option is to use shampoo
25、,which is designed to break down body oil.A.As we all know,they smell，B.Its necessary to clean sports gear after every practice.C.You can also put it on a blown-up balloon.D.This protects the machine,and the equipment from getting scratched.E.Those tiny little scratches are where bacteria can get,an
26、d cause that smell.F.Dont let children stuff clothing in their bags.G.So when theyre rushing from one activity to the next,its easy to grab the correct gear.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文中介绍了整理以及清洗运动设备的简单又实用的方法。1解析：根据空格前的信息“For children playing different sports,have gym bags in different colors for each sportbaske
27、tball gets green,soccer gets red,baseball gets blue”可知，此处应选G与之构成语义上的因果关系。答案：G2解析：根据空格前的信息“For padded items with plastic,put them in a mesh(网状织物)laundry bag or a pillowcase with a zipper”可知此处应选D，意为“这样可以保护洗衣机和设备不被刮出痕迹。”答案：D3解析：根据空格后的“Its body odor(气味).You played soccer，or basketball,or fencing,and you
28、 sweat”可知，此处指包会发出难闻的气味。故选 A。答案：A4解析：根据空格前的“if youve used a scrub brush,you may have scratched the plastic”及空格后的“Try using vinegar.to kill mold and mildew”可知，此处应选 E，指瓶子的划痕处会滋生细菌，发出难闻气味。答案：E5解析：根据空格前的“If you want to make sure the cap keeps a rounded shape,dry it over a coffee can”可知，空格处讲的应是不让帽子变形的方法。故
29、选 C。答案：CDThe world is changing and new ideas appear every day;introducing them into your life will keep you engaged.The following are the methods I use to stay open and impressionable.Theyll work for you too,no matter how old you get.Quiet your inner voice.Its the little voice that offers a running
30、explanation when you are listening to someone._1_ It is too easy to pay more attention to the inner voice than the actual speaker.That voice often keeps you from listening openly for good information and can often make you shut down before you have heard the entire basis.Focus less on what your brai
31、n has to say and more on the speaker._2_Argue with yourself._3_ Every time you hear yourself contradicting(与矛盾)the speaker,stop and take the other point of view.Suggest to your brain all the reasons why the speaker may be correct and you may be wrong.In the best case you may open yourself to the inf
32、ormation being provided.Failing that,you will at least strengthen your own argument._4_Some people are naturally curious and others are not.No matter which category you are in,you can benefit from behaving like a curious person.Next time you are listening to information,make up and write down three
33、to five relevant(相关的)questions._5_ If you are in a conversation,you can ask the other person.Either way youll likely learn more,and the action of thinking up questions will help encode the concepts in your brain.As long as youre not a cat,you should benefit from these actions of curiosity.A.Act as y
34、ou are curious.B.Try to calm yourself down.C.You may be surprised at what you hear.D.You will learn from other people who are experienced.E.If you are in a lecture,google them after for answers.F.If you cant quiet the inner voice,then at least use it to your advantage.G.Its the voice that brings up
35、your own opinion about the information being provided.【语篇解读】本文主要给我们介绍了使我们能够很好适应现代高速发展的生活的建议。1解析：根据小标题“Quiet your inner voice”可知，此段就是对内心的声音的说明，且 G 项与空前句子结构相似，故选 G。答案：G2解析：此空是对“Focus less on what your brain has to say and more on the speaker”的进一步说明，所以“你会对你所听到的东西感到吃惊”符合语境。故选 C。答案：C3解析：根据小标题“Argue with
36、yourself”可知，选项 F 符合语境。F 与本段最后一句也相呼应。答案：F4解析：根据下文中的“Some people are naturally curious and others are not.behaving like a curious person”可知 A 项符合语境。该段就是讲你要有好奇心。故选 A。答案：A5解析：根据上文中的“Next time you are listening to information,make up and write down three to five relevant(相关的)questions”以及空后的“If you are in a conversation,you can ask the other person”可判断出，答案为 E。答案：E
