1、Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Lesson 1 The Underdog学习目标1. 掌握本节生词、短语及句型的表达与运用。2. 掌握限制性定语从句的用法。3. 通过课堂练习，对课文内容有更深入的了解。知识运用1. prefer词性：_ 意思：_prefer to do sth./ doing sth.更喜欢做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事prefer A to B 与B相比更喜欢A（to为介词）prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事prefer to do sth. rather than
2、do sth. (= would rather do sth. than do sth./ would do sth. rather than do sth.) 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事prefer that从句 宁愿/喜欢（that从句用虚拟语气）preference n. 偏爱，喜好preferable adj. 更可取的，较适合的in preference to 而不是have a preference for sth. 偏爱某物give preference to 优先考虑，优待练习：I _ to work in the mountain area. 2. company词性：_ 意思：
3、_keep sb. company 陪伴某人fall into company with. 同结伴give ones company 陪伴某人keep company with sb. 和某人来往for company 做伴，一起in company with. 与一起，与同时练习：Tom works for a computer _.3. desire词性：_ 意思：_have a strong desire to do sth. 迫切想要做某事 have a strong desire for sth. 急于想得到某物desire to do sth. 想要做某事desire sb. to
4、 do sth. 想要某人做某事desire + that从句（从句用虚拟语气）希望练习：I had a strong _ to help and care for people. 4. pay off意思：_pay for sth. 付钱（买）某物；为某事吃苦头或受惩罚pay sb. for sth. 付钱给某人买某物pay back 还钱；偿还；报复pay up 付清全部欠款练习：It would take him the rest of his life to _ that loan.阅读探究Read Part 1 of the story about an underdog. Answ
5、er the questions below.1. Who was his favourite player?2. How tall was he? How tall was his favourite player?3. What team was he on?4. What kind of player was he on the team? 5. How was he treated by the coach?句型梳理 1.（教材P30）Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, which made him the shortest player ever in
6、the NBA.博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA历史上最矮的球员。本句中“make him the shortest player”是“make +宾语+宾语补足语”结构。make 做使役动词，him是宾语，the shortest player 是宾语补足语。make +宾语+宾语补足语“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的常见形式如下：（1）make+宾语+形容词/ 副词His gift made her very happy.他的礼物令她非常高兴。（2）make+宾语+名词He has made it a rule to get up early.他已养成了早起的习惯。（3）make+宾语+
7、不带to的不定式（主动句变被动句，宾语补足语变主语补足语时要加to）She made her children wash their hands.她让她的孩子们洗手。（4）make+宾语+过去分词We should not make our plan known to anybody.我们不应该让任何人知道我们的计划。（5）make+宾语+介词短语Sit down and make yourself at home.请坐，让你自己跟在家里一样。（6）make+宾语+现在分词The teacher made the naughty boy standing for half an hour.老师
8、让那个淘气的男孩站了半个小时。（7）make it+形容词/名词+(for sb.) to do （it为形式宾语）“主语+make+宾语+do”结构变为被动语态时，省略的不定式符号to要写出。They thought in this way they could make us take their orders. = They thought in this way we could be made to take their orders.他们认为这样就可以使我们听他们发号施令了。2.（教材P30）He didnt know hed soon get the chance that he
9、d been waiting for.保罗并不知道他将得到他一直在等待的机会。本句涉及时态较多。主句是一般过去时，宾语从句是过去将来时，that引导的定语从句是过去完成进行时。过去完成进行时过去完成进行时表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去某一时刻的动作。这一动词可能在第二个过去时动作之前刚刚完成，也可能正在进行。We didnt know how long he had been learning English.我们不知道他学了多久的英语。3.（教材P31）The last quarter was about to begin, and my team was behind by 10
10、points.最后一节即将开始，我的队伍还落后10分。be about to do sth. 表示“正要做某事”，表示将来。and 连接两个并列句。将来时的七种表达（1）be about to+动词原形（2）be on the point of +动名词“be about to+动词原形”及“be on the point of+动名词”表示“立即的将来（immediate future）”，因此，这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词when (=and at that time)引出的分句连用。The train is about to start.火车就要开了。The
11、 plane is on the point of taking off.飞机马上就要起飞了。（3）will+动词原形 will可用来表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势。Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。 will表示将来，有时含偶然性、临时性决定的意思。-Do you know Mr Smith has come to our town?-No. I will go and visit him right now.你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗？不知道。我马上就去拜访他。（4）be going to+动词原形“be going to+动词原形”多用在口语中，表
12、示“计划、打算要做某事”，此外，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。He is going to speak on TV this evening.他今晚要在电视上讲话。Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看这些乌云，要下雨了。（5）有些动词如come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start等，其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作。Im leaving for Beijing next month.下个月我要去北京。（6）某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，这种用法
13、常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。 We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 oclock.我们必须快点儿。第一节课将在8点开始。（7）“be to+动词原形”表示“按计划或安排要做的事”。When are you to leave for home? 你什么时候回家？She is to get married next month.她将于下个月结婚。4.（教材P31）I dont think I can play anymore, coach我想我再也不能打球了，教练句中“I dont think”属于“否定转移”。n
14、ot不是用来否定think的而是用来否定“can play”的。否定转移在动词think, believe, expect, imagine, guess, suppose等的主语是第一人称，谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时的情况下，后面的宾语从句中的否定词not应放在主句中，构成“否定转移”。I dont think they have made up their minds.我认为他们尚未下决心。I dont believe he will go right now.我认为他不会马上走。语法解析语法：限制性定语从句1. 关系代词的基本用法（1）who指人，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语
15、。Here comes the girl who wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。（2）whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Rose is the person (whom/ who) you should look after.罗丝是你应该照顾的人。（3）whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。whose = the + n. + of which/ whom。I know the man whose company produces computers.我认识那个人，他的公司生产电脑。（4）which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语
16、。作宾语时可省略，但作介词的宾语且介词提前时，which不可省略。China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。（5）that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前。若介词提前，则需用which 或whom来代替 that。The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。The chair (that) you br
17、oke yesterday is now being repaired.你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修。2. 关系代词的选择（1）宜用that不用which的情况 当先行词是all, much, anything, something, everything, nothing, little, none等不定代词时。She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。 当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我曾
18、经看过的最好的电影。 当先行词被all, no, few, any, little, some, much, the last, the only, very等修饰时。Ive read all the books that were borrowed from others.我已经读了从别人那儿借来的所有的书。Mr Smith is the only foreigner that she knows.史密斯先生是她认识的唯一的外国人。 当先行词既有人又有物时。I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the
19、room.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间里所见到的人和一些照片。 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which is the true story that he told us?他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真实的？ 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词本身在定语从句中也作表语时。The city is no longer the place that it used to be.这座城市不再是它以前的样子了。 当主句以here, there开头时。Here is the hotel that youve been looking for.这就是你一直在找的那家旅馆。（2）只用who不用t
20、hat的情况 先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none等，或先行词为those或被those修饰，指人时。The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well.你应该向那个努力学习而且学习好的学生学习。 一个句子中含有两个定语从句，且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个一般应用who。The boy that you met last night is the group leader wh
21、o studies very hard.昨晚你遇到的那个男孩是小组组长，（他）学习非常努力。练习：1. This is our classroom, the front door of _ faces east.2. A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.3. Do you have anything _ you want me to take to your younger brother?4. The book tells stories of the earthq
22、uake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. 5. Who was the man _ told you to wait here?6. The writer and his novel _ you have just talked about are really well known.7. For those _ want to see the film, put down your names, please.8. There is no success without hard work; success is someth
23、ing _ is only earned after much labor.答案知识运用1. prefer 2. company 3. desire 4. pay off 阅读探究1. Pauls favourite player was Tyrone Bogues, a guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets.2. Paul was only 1.6 metres tall. Bogues was 1.6 metres tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA.3. Paul was on his school basketball team, The Lions.4. He was a replacement player.5. The coach was not sure about his ability and made Paul always a bench player even everyone knew Paul had real skills.语法解析1. which 2. whose 3. that 4. whose 5. that 6. that 7. who 8. that
