1、专题限时检测(十四)完形填空之说明文体(共2篇，每篇限时18分钟)A(2019全国卷)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.They _1_ with them lots of waste.The _2_ might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the _3_ of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stori
2、es, Im _4_ about the place other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon _5_ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of _6_ among tons of rubbish.I find a _7_ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are _8_
3、 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be _9_.The best of a Kilimanjaro _10_， in my opinion, isnt reaching the top.Mountains are _11_ as spiritual places by many cultures.This _12_ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as _13_ go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the sp
4、ace of a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, _14_ lands of low growing plants.Further up, the weather _15_ low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass.I_16_ twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4, 000 meters is the high
5、land _17_： gravel (砾石), stones and rocks._18_ you climb into an arcticlike zone with _19_ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro _20_ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了
6、非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境污染以及当地机构努力治理之后环境的改观。1A.keepBmixCconnect Dbring 解析：选D根据空前一句提到每年大约40 000人试图攀登非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山，空后一句提到可能破坏这一地方的美丽，可知此空选bring，即登山者带来了大量的垃圾。2A.stories BbuildingsCcrowds Dreporters解析：选C根据上文可知登山者带来了大量的垃圾，所以登山者可能破坏了这一地区的美丽。crowds此处意为“一群的人”，照应了首句的“40,000 people”。3A.position BageCface Dname 解析：选C综合第一段，作者
7、描述了乞力马扎罗山因为人类活动所受到的影响，此句又提到冰川正在消失，这改变了乞力马扎罗山的面貌。face此处意为“外观；面貌”。4A.silent BskepticalCserious Dcrazy解析：选B从破折号后的内容“其他目的地都被描述为更加纯净的自然之旅”，与作者听到的乞力马扎罗山受到污染的消息形成鲜明对比，作者对此感到怀疑(skeptical)为什么别的地方是干净，而乞力马扎罗山却被污染了呢？ 5A.discover BargueCdecide Dadvocate 解析：选A句意理解题。上一段提到作者对于有关乞力马扎罗山被污染的消息感到怀疑，本句开头However表示转折，作者很快
8、发现事实并非如此。6A.equipment BgrassCcamps Dstones解析：选C作者很快发现自那些令人不安的报道以来，情况已经发生了很大的改变。那些报道都是关于乞力马扎罗山的污染，而登山者必然是在满是垃圾的山上搭帐篷露营。7A.remote BquietCtall Dclean解析：选D根据下文提到的在营地和沿途中都有卫生间，可知作者看到的是一座环境“干净”的山。8A.new BspecialCsignificant Dnecessary解析：选C根据句中的“but”可知其前后是转折关系，再根据上一句提到的“干净”的山，可知此句意为：环境保护的难度虽然巨大，但是坦桑尼亚国家公园管
9、理局的努力似乎见效了。9A.paying off Bspreading outCblowing up Dfading away解析：选A根据上文可知此处是说坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局为环境保护所做的努力有了回报。pay off意为“成功；奏效”；spread out意为“展开”；blow up意为“爆炸”；fade away意为“(人) 衰弱；病重死亡”。10A.atmosphere BexperienceCexperiment Dsight解析：选B本段主要描述了乞力马扎罗山从山脚到山顶的五种生态系统，第一句作为本段的主题句，可知作者在此处点明攀登乞力马扎罗山最棒的体验并不在于登顶 (而是体验登
10、山过程中五种生态系统的变化)。experience意为“经历；体验”。11A.studied BobservedCexplored Dregarded解析：选D在诸多文化里，山都有着某种精神的意义。be regarded as“被视为”。12A.view BqualityCreason Dpurpose解析：选A根据上一句提到的很多文化将山视为有着精神层面的意义，这是一种“观点”，这种观点在乞力马扎罗山尤为明显。13A.scientists BclimbersClocals Dofficials解析：选B只有登山者在登山途中，在短短几公里的空间内可以经历五种生态系统。14A.holding o
11、n to Bgoing back toCliving up to Dgiving way to解析：选D这五种生态系统，从下至上，在山脚是雨林，到海拔3 000米的时候，雨林突然变成了大量的低矮植物。give way to本意为“给让路”，此处指“被替代”；hold on to意为“保住；不送或不卖”；go back to意为“回到；重新开始”；live up to意为“符合；不辜负”。15A.changes BclearsCimproves Dpermits解析：选A从山脚的雨林到海拔3 000米的低矮植物，再往上变成了被低低的云团笼罩着的、长满茂密草丛的山坡，生态系统发生了变化，气候自然也
12、要发生改变。16A.match BimagineCcount Dadd解析：选C此句中的“shades”是一大陷阱，整段描写的是乞力马扎罗山生态系统的多样性，从雨林到低矮植物再到茂密草丛，虽然都是绿色，但也各不相同，因此此句是指从作者所站的地方就能“数”出12种色度不同的绿色。shade在此意为“浓淡深浅；色度”。17A.village BdesertCroad Dlake解析：选B根据空后描述的砾石，石头和岩石，可知海拔4 000米以上就是高原荒漠。18A.Obviously BEasilyCConsequently DFinally解析：选D本段前面的内容已经描述了四种不同的生态系统，此处
13、应该要到达乞力马扎罗山的最高处了，“最终”登山者进入了一个类似北极的区域。19A.permanent BlittleCfresh Dartificial解析：选A根据空前“一个类似北极的地区”可知，这个地区终年积雪。permanent意为“永久的”。20A.enjoy BdeserveCsave Dacquire解析：选B纵观全文，文章开头讲到有报道称乞力马扎罗山受到污染，作者提出了质疑，并发现其环境污染问题已经有了很大改观；随后以大段文字描写了乞力马扎罗山奇妙的生态系统，因此作者最后得出结论，乞力马扎罗山是否挤满了破坏其宁静气氛的游客呢？这一说法是否名副其实？答案是否定的。deserve o
14、nes reputation意为“名不虚传；实至名归”。B(2019南京、盐城、连云港二模)In case you missed it, a video last week showed a miniature horse eating a bowl of carrots from a high chair.A high chair.Yes, really.It might seem _1_， but it might also be the logical extension of the growing _2_ of treating animals as human and treati
15、ng pets as children.Examples of this attitude are _3_， and range from the innocent to the nearcrazy.Some people even _4_ their pets for Halloween or create social media accounts for them.Should this cause _5_？ Should we just smile and nod when people treat their pets as such? Should we shrug off the
16、 Facebook page “Animals Are People Too” and “My Child Has Four Paws”？ No._6_ animals arent people.And pets arent children.There seems to be confusion about the _7_ between pets and children.People _8_ the language of parenthood when talking to their “fur kid” or “baby”Of course, its one thing to use
17、 such language lightly, as an innocent expression of love or a(n) _9_ of the great joy and deep bonds that pets, like children, can create.Its quite another to use this language _10_.Words _11_.Using inaccurate language for things doesnt just blur (模糊) the very real lines between pets and people; it
18、 can lead to dangerous delusions (错觉)What if a man _12_ having a baby wont be much different from being a “dad” to a dog? “Pet parents” point out that they do everything _13_ parents do feed, bathe, clean up, care for, and love._14_， all these actions form only part of the routines of true parenthoo
19、d.One does not, and cannot, teach _15_ and morality to cats and dogs, yet thats the most important job of a parent.Having a child means preparing another mind and soul for adulthood and _16_.Having a pet means keeping an animal obedient and dependent so it never _17_ the way a child eventually will.
20、Pets and children serve different roles, _18_ different places in the lives of humans._19_ these fundamental differences benefits neither creatures nor people.We can call pets “pets” _20_ loving them any less.So stop calling your pets your “children”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“当今社会人们把宠物当作孩子一样看待”，这一社会现象。1A.a
21、wful BabsurdCartificial Dawkward解析：选B根据空后内容“but it might also be the logical extension of the growing _2_ of treating animals as human and treating pets as children.”可知小马坐在高脚椅子上吃东西这件事情虽然荒唐，但是也是当今这种把宠物当作孩子的这种趋势的合乎逻辑的延伸。absurd“荒诞的”，符合语境。awful“可怕的，糟糕的”；artificial“人工的，虚假的”；awkward“笨拙的，令人尴尬的”。2A.trend Be
22、xpenseCdemand Ddanger解析：选A根据下文可知，如今这种把小动物当作人一样去对待已经成为一股潮流。trend“趋势，潮流”。3A.anywhere BsomewhereCeverywhere Dnowhere解析：选C这样的例子到处可见。4A.pick up Bwake upCdress up Dfeed up解析：选C根据下文，在万圣节的时候干的事情，应该是去打扮他们的宠物。dress up“打扮”。5A.satisfaction BinspirationCconflict Dconcern解析：选D这样的情况是否应该引起担忧呢？cause concern“引起担忧”，固定
23、搭配。6A.Yet BSoCBecause DThen解析：选C不，我们不应该这样，因为动物终究不是人。7A.barrier BcomparisonCconnection Ddifference解析：选D现在在人和动物的不同上似乎有点混淆。difference“不同”。8A.master BinterpretCadopt Dunderstand解析：选C人们在跟宝宝们交流的时候会采用一种父母式的语言。adopt the language of“采用语言”。9A.intention BreflectionCdefinition Dexpectation解析：选B这种语言只是单纯地反映了宠物像孩子
24、一样所创造的与人之间的纽带。reflection“反映”。10A.literally BincidentallyCcautiously Doriginally解析：选A但是当你以取字面含义的方式去使用这些语言的时候，就应当另当别论了。11A.exist BworkCmatter Dspread解析：选C说的话是很重要的。matter“重要”。12A.believes BprefersCproves Ddreams解析：选A这样的事情会给人们产生错觉。如果一个人相信做一个孩子的爸爸和做一只狗的爸爸没有区别，会怎么样呢？ believe“认为，相信”。13A.able BabsentCreliab
25、le Dreal解析：选D这些宠物家长会做真实家长所做的所有事情，喂养，洗澡，打扫卫生，关爱它们。14A.Therefore BIndeedCFurthermore DOtherwise解析：选B但是实际上，这些行为只是作为一个家长的日常生活的一个部分。indeed“实际上”。15A.languages BattitudeCskills Dcharacter解析：选D一个人不可能给猫和狗培养性格、教它们道德，而这些才是作为一个家长最重要的事情。character“人的个性、性格”。16A.confidence BenthusiasmCpatience Dindependence解析：选D成为一
26、个真正的家长意味着你准备好了做一个成年人并且去独自面对生活。independence对应adulthood。17A.leaves BplaysCgrows Dperforms解析：选A而拥有一个宠物只是使你有一个听你话依赖你并且不会像孩子那样离开你的小东西。leave“离开”。18A.shifting BoccupyingCproviding Dreserving解析：选B宠物和孩子在我们的生活中占据了不同的位置。occupy“占据”，符合语境。shift“切换”； provide“提供”；reserve“保留”。19A.Revealing BDenyingCRemoving DEmphasizing解析：选B否认这一差别对人类或者宠物都没有好处。deny“否认”。20A.by BforCwithout Dexcept解析：选C我们把宠物叫作宠物就行了，这样并不会使我们对它们的爱有丝毫减少。
