1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。阅读理解专练(七)(限时30分钟)AA tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenlands past and future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that have surv
2、ived the last ice age. The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods (间冰期) in northwest Greenland. Although researchers have long known these two periodsthe early Holocene and Last Interglacialexperienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenlan
3、d was even warmer than previously thought. “As far as we know, it has never been found in Greenland. We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there, ” Axford said. “We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated (迁徙). ”This new information
4、 could help researchers better measure Greenlands sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenlands ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming. After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of t
5、he Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. “Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world, ” said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. “One of the
6、big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today, ” said Axford. People might be surprised to see how todays Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods. Dur
7、ing the Last Interglacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarcticas ice sheets. However, now researchers believe northern Greenlands ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, which could mean that Greenland is more respo
8、nsible for that sea-level rise. Finding lake deposits older than about 10, 000 years, however, has been historically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures, researchers look to ice cores (冰核) and lake deposits. Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annu
9、al layers of snow or mud, these cores contain history of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago. 【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文, 文章主要介绍了研究人员在格陵兰冰原的西北边缘发现了在最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥, 这些淤泥和常见苍蝇的遗骸表明, 格陵兰北部的冰盖经历了比之前认为的更强烈的变暖, 以及阐明这一研究背后的意义。1. Why are the remains of flies
10、 mentioned in the first two paragraphs? A. They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland. B. They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud. C. They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought. D. They help the resea
11、rchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句 The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods in northwest Greenland. 和第二段第一句 Although researchers have long known these two periods the early Holocene and Last Interglacial experienc
12、ed warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. 可知苍蝇种类的混合表明, 格陵兰甚至比以前认为的还要温暖。2. The new information about Greenland is important because _. A. researchers have no idea how to measure Greenlands warming speedB. it can help researchers bet
13、ter study Greenlands response to warmingC. people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in GreenlandD. it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句This new information could help researchers better measure Greenlands sensitivity to warming
14、, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behavior. 可知这些新信息可以帮助研究人员更好地测量格陵兰岛对变暖的敏感性。 3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. It is easier for todays scientists to find ancient lake deposits. B. People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today.
15、C. Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud. D. Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities. 【解析】选D。 推理判断题。根据第三段After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. “N
16、orthwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world, ” said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. 可知格陵兰的冰盖变化会影响沿海城市的每一个人。 BHave you ever heard someone say “You totally look like youre a Jes
17、sica” or something similar? People seem to think that they know what kind of person a “Jessica” or a “Michael” looks like. Why is this? According to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, humans tend to associate peoples names with their appearances, and can even gues
18、s someones name based on how they look. Researchers collected thousands of photos of peoples faces. They labeled (贴标签于) each photo with four names. Then, they asked volunteers to guess which of the four names was correct. The volunteers were able to guess the right name 38% of the time. It seems tha
19、t certain characteristics of faces give them clues about someones name, Readers Digest reported. However, this only worked when the volunteers looked at names from their own culture. In addition, the volunteers were not as good at guessing the real names of people who used nicknames more often than
20、their real names. This may show that a persons appearance is affected by his name only if he uses it often. “This kind of face-name matching happens because of a process of a self-fulfilling prophecy(预言), as we become what other people expect us to become, ”Ruth Mayo from Tile University told scienc
21、e news website EurekAlert! Earlier studies have shown that gender and race stereotypes (刻板印象) can affect a persons appearance. The researchers believe there are also similar stereotypes about names. For example, people tend to think that men named Bob should have rounder faces because the word itsel
22、f looks round. People may think that women named Rose are beautiful. They expect them to be “delicate” and “female”, just like the flower they are named for. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现, 人们倾向于把姓名和外貌联系起来, 甚至通过一个人的长相来猜测其姓名。4. How is this passage developed? A. By giving examples. B. By asking questions. C. B
23、y introducing an experiment. D. By comparing different cases. 【解析】选C。写作手法题。通读全文可知, 前四段主要介绍了一项关于姓名和外貌之间的联系的实验的过程和结果, 后三段主要介绍了与该实验相关的结论。据此可推知, 本文是通过介绍一项实验的方式来写作的。【规律方法】篇章结构题解题技巧对考试大纲中提出的理解文章的基本结构的要求, 往往通过篇章结构题来考查。考生要学会把握文章的脉络, 理解段落层次之间的关系, 弄清作者的写作方法。英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头, 简要概括文章的中心思想, 主题句根据段落的写
24、作手法的不同可能在段落的开头, 也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。段与段之间常用词语连接, 承上启下, 使文章行文连贯, 逻辑严密。为突出主题作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章, 通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。对文章组织结构的理解, 最常见的提问方式: How is the passage organized? ; Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 分析这一类的题我们看出: 对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次。一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构, 一是按写作方法理解文章的结构。在解题过程
25、中我们要在抓住主旨大意的基础上, 理解段落层次间的关系, 理解文章的结构。5. What can be inferred from the study? A. Volunteers found it much easier to guess nicknames. B. Names have different associations in different cultures. C. Volunteers could guess the characteristics of the interviewees. D. The people in the photos and volunteer
26、s were from the same culture. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“However, this only worked when the volunteers looked at names from their own culture. ”可知, 然而, 只有当志愿者看到来自他们自己文化的名字时, 这种方法才有效。据此可推知, 姓名在不同的文化里有不同的联系。6. Why do some people look like their names according to Ruth Mayo? A. They want to please everyone
27、around them. B. They dont want to be different from others. C. They tend to become what others expect them to become. D. They like to copy famous people who share the same name. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第六段中Ruth Mayo所说的话“This kind of face-name matching happens because of a process of a self-fulfilling prophec
28、y, as we become what other people expect us to become”可知, Ruth Mayo认为, 一些人的姓名与外貌相一致是因为他们趋向于成为别人期望他们成为的样子。COn a recent trip to the island of Newfoundland, Canada, my husband asked our talkative cab driver what made him most proud to be a native. “Our generosity and hospitality (好客), ” he replied in a
29、 strong local accent. “If your car breaks down in the middle of nowhere, someone will stop to help. People here are kind like that. ” His answer rang in my mind during that ride with my husband and teenage kids, as we headed out to explore on the first day of our vacation. Little did I know we were
30、about to experience some of that remarkable Newfoundland kindness for ourselves. We met Alma that same morning at the start of a long hike. Our teenagers hurried ahead, and as we walked behind, admiring the scenery, two women in sunglasses and summer hiking equipment stopped. Theyd heard us discussi
31、ng different routes, and then asked if wed like suggestions. They looked to be in their 40s, and were both enthusiastic to share their local expertise. We listened eagerly, taking mental notes, until one of the women asked, “You have a car, right? ” I explained that there were no cars available duri
32、ng our week on the island, so we had to rely on cabs instead. “Oh no, ” she said, “you need a car. ” And then, as casually as if offering a piece of chewing gum (口香糖), she said, “Take mine! ” My husband and I just smiled in disbelief, dumbfounded. “Why not? ” she insisted. “You need a car to get to
33、know all these places. ”“But you dont even know us, ” I said. “That doesnt matter, ”she continued with absolute determination. Surprised, I looked over at her friend, who shrugged and said, “Thats Alma. ”Forty minutes of talking later, my family climbed into Almas car. We spent the rest of our vacat
34、ion discovering different areas of this beautiful island. But it wasnt the groups of whales we saw, or the vast areas of woodland, that made this place so memorable. Instead, it was the act of kindness from a complete stranger that made us realize how special Newfoundland really was. Next year, ther
35、es no doubt where well be taking our summer vacation. Who knows what act of kindness well meet then? 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者一家去加拿大纽芬兰岛旅行时, 最让他们难忘的不是那里的美景, 而是一位陌生的善良的女士将私家车借给作者一家, 让他们自驾体验美景7. What did the cab driver take pride in as a native? A. Their kindness and enthusiasm. B. Their cheap service and fri
36、endliness. C. Their unselfishness and determination. D. Their rich experience and local knowledge. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Our generosity and hospitality, he replied in a strong local accent. If your car breaks down in the middle of nowhere, someone will stop to help. People here are kind like that. ”可
37、知, 当地人的善良和热情让出租车司机自豪。8. The underlined word “dumbfounded” in Paragraph 5 probably means “_”. A. annoyedB. satisfiedC. shockedD. embarrassed【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句“And then, as casually as if offering a piece of chewing gum, she said, Take mine! ”可知, 那位女士让我们用她的车; 结合该句“My husband and I just smiled in di
38、sbelief, dumbfounded. ”可推知, 听到陌生人给我们提供汽车, 我和丈夫应是不敢相信, 感到很惊讶。画线词与该句中的“in disbelief”相呼应, 表示“惊呆的”。9. What impressed the author most during her stay in Newfoundland? A. The local culture of the island. B. The answer from the cab driver. C. The beautiful scenery of the island. D. The help from an enthusi
39、astic stranger. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Instead, it was the act of kindness from a complete stranger that made us realize how special Newfoundland really was. ”可知, 最让作者难忘的是一位陌生人友好的帮助, 即她将自己的车借给了作者。10. What can we infer about the author from the last paragraph? A. She expects to visit Newfoundland a
40、gain. B. She hasnt decided where to go next year yet. C. She is looking forward to meeting Alma once more. D. She also wants to be kind to others during the vacation. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, 作者希望再次去纽芬兰岛旅游。【知识拓展】长难句分析Little did I know we were about to experience some of that remarkable Newfoundland kindness for ourselves. 分析: 该句为主从复合句。句中we were about to experience some of that remarkable Newfoundland kindness for ourselves为省略了that的宾语从句, 作及物动词know的宾语; 否定词little置于句首, 构成部分倒装, 需将助动词did放到主语I的前面。关闭Word文档返回原板块
