1、专题十一推理判断5年高考题组一记叙文Passage 1 (2021新高考,B)话题:丰富自我、完善自我难度:易词数:363By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopovanot as a musician but as her page turner. “Im not a trained musician, but Ive learnt to read music so I can h
2、elp Maria in her performance.”Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the groups official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesnt have to break the flow of sound by doing
3、it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.“A lot of skills are needed for the job.You have to make sure you dont turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot,”Mr Titterton expl
4、ained.Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need
5、to practise with their page turner.But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said. “Luckily I was able to catch them and put t
6、hem back.”Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “Hes interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say:Turn, turn!”“R
7、obert is the best page turner Ive had in my entire life.”1.What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?A.Read music. B.Play the piano.C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments.2.Which of the following best describes Tittertons job on stage?A.Boring. B.Well-paid.C.Demanding.
8、 D.Dangerous.3.What does Titterton need to practise?A.Counting the pages. B.Recognizing the “nodding”. C.Catching falling objects. D.Performing in his own style.4.Why is Ms Raspopovas husband “the worst page turner”?A.He has very poor eyesight. B.He ignores the audience. C.He has no intere
9、st in music. D.He forgets to do his job.答案语篇解读在音乐家演奏时为他们翻乐谱的人虽然在舞台上不引人注意,但需要很多技巧和大量的训练。1.A2.C3.B4.DPassage 2 (2020新高考,B)话题:终身学习难度:中词数:345Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer g
10、raduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelors degree. Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high
11、school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. S
12、he decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves:nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home
13、. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree:Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all, she remai
14、ned in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.“Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her
15、 children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her familyand thats pretty powerful.1.What did Jennifer do after high school?A.She helped her dad with his work.B.She ran the family farm on her
16、 own.C.She supported herself through college.D.She taught her sisters and brothers at home.2.Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield?A.To take care of her kids easily.B.To learn from the best nurses.C.To save money for her parents.D.To find a we
17、ll-paid job there.3.What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?A.Her health.B.Her time with family.C.Her reputation.D.Her chance of promotion.4.What can we learn from Jennifers story?A.Time is money.B.Love breaks down barriers.C.Hard work pays off.D.Education is the key to success.答案语
18、篇解读文章讲述了作为三个孩子的母亲,珍妮弗莫尔凭借顽强的意志力坚持学习最终获得护理学学士学位的事情。1.C2.A3.B4.CPassage 3 (2020新高考,C)话题:跨文化沟通难度:中词数:312In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, h
19、e returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where mil
20、lions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way:Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashke
21、nt, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug d
22、ealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a w
23、ell-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptio
24、n of the purest of Central Asian traditions.1.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?A.His friends invitation.B.His interest in the country.C.His love for teaching.D.His desire to regain health.2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Developing a serious mental
25、disease.B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.3.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissells road trip in Uzbekistan?A.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.4.What is the purpose of this text?A.To int
26、roduce a book.B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.C.To remember a writer.D.To recommend a travel destination.答案语篇解读Bissell先生再次踏上中亚大地,历经坎坷终于完成了一部关于中亚地区传统的书。1.B2.D3.B4.APassage 4 (2020天津,B)话题:人物轶事难度:中词数:479“They tell me that youd like to make a statue(塑像) of meis that correct, Miss Vinnie Rea
27、m?”The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldnt have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says
28、I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner.”President Lincoln smiled. “Painters, sculptorstheyve all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but Im afraid theres not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust(半身像)?”Before Vinnie could say ye
29、s, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice. “Of courseI shouldnt have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.”Vinnies face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean
30、 weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. Ive driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strengthand that is what I intend to do!”The Presidents eyes brightened at her show of spirit. “Sorr
31、y, madam, I have underestimated you as I didnt know your background.”But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “Id like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to
32、pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself.”Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I
33、 could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up and shook Vinnies hand warmly, “Ive heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my de
34、cision immediately, but you will hear from me soon.”The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.1.What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln?A.Her aggressive personality.B.Mr. Millss encouraging remark.C.President Lincolns gentle
35、voice.D.Her interest in a challenging job.2.How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnies request?A.Pleased.B.Thrilled.C.Regretful.D.Doubtful.3.Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting .A.her experience from other projectsB.her innocent childhood in th
36、e countryC.the heavy labor she had done beforeD.the skill she picked up in Wisconsin4.Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to .A.achieve effects of natural lightingB.keep all her tools within easy reachC.observe the President at a right angleD.avoid disturbing the Presidents
37、 work5.What message does the story convey?A.A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.B.Experience helps to promote excellence.C.Ups and downs make one strong.D.Devotion requires enthusiasm.答案语篇解读文章介绍了一个十七岁的少女Vinnie想为林肯总统塑造一个雕像,她用她的自信和周全一步步打消了总统的疑虑,最终获得了总统的许可。1.B2.D3.C4.D5.APassage 5 (2020课标全国,D)话题:终身
38、学习难度:中词数:345I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures throu
39、gh the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added m
40、eaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源)of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were ac
41、ting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generati
42、on.As a novelist, Ive found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they cant afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港)for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries,
43、 in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为)and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.1.Which word best describes the a
44、uthors relationship with books as a child?A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.D.Casual.2.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Pleasure from working in the library.B.Joy of reading passed on in the family.C.Wonderment from acting out the stories.D.A
45、closer bond developed with the readers.3.What does the author call on other writers to do?A.Sponsor book fairs.B.Write for social media.C.Support libraries.D.Purchase her novels.4.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A.Reading:A Source of KnowledgeB.My Idea about WritingC.Library:A Haven for t
46、he YoungD.My Love of the Library答案语篇解读文章介绍了作者不同时期与图书馆的不解之缘。本文旨在培养学生对书籍的热爱,有助于学生成长为有素养的人。1.C2.B3.C4.DPassage 6 (2020北京,B)话题:环境保护难度:中词数:359Baggy has become the first dog in the UKand potentially the worldto join the fight against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.Baggy wears
47、a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.Conventional ai
48、r pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However, since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair (婴儿车), she frequently records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment Agency.The doggy data rese
49、arch was the idea of Baggys 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking fi
50、ndings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma (哮喘).Matt Hunt said he was “very proud” of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from
51、getting asthma.”“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age,” Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets (小装置). About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, why d
52、ont we put it on Baggys collar and let her monitor the pollution? So we did it.”Tom said, “Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog, and we are all really proud of her.”1.With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can
53、.A.take pollutant readingsB.record pollutant levels C.process collected dataD.reduce air pollution2.What can we learn from the Baggy data? A.High places are free of air pollution.B.Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids. C.Conventional monitors are more reliable. D.Air is more polluted closer to
54、the ground.3.What is Toms purpose of doing the research?A.To warn of a health risk.B.To find out pollution sources.C.To test his new monitor.D.To prove Baggys abilities.4.According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?A.Modest.B.Generous.C.Creative.D.Outgoing.答案语
55、篇解读本文讲述了13岁男孩Tom Hunt创造性地利用小狗Baggy测量地面附近的污染物水平的故事。1.B2.D3.A4.CPassage 7 (2019北京,B)话题:创新意识难度:中词数:209Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat
56、that could save kids teeth, instead of destroying them.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to g
57、et round the warning, “Why cant I make a healthy candy thats good for my teeth so that my parents cant say no to it?”With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what
58、 a healthier candy would contain.With her dads permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a
59、kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moores productCanCandy.As Can
60、Candys success grows, so does Moores credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and shes also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.Meanwhile, with her p
61、arents help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasnt driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandys profits to
62、Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.1.How did Moore react to her dads warning?A.She argued with him.B.She tried to find a way out.C.She paid no attention.D.She chose to consult dentists.2.What is special about CanCandy?A
63、.It is beneficial to dental health.B.It is free of sweeteners.C.It is sweeter than other candies.D.It is produced to a dentists recipe.3.What does Moore expect from her business?A.To earn more money.B.To help others find smiles.C.To make herself stand out.D.To beat other candy companies.4.
64、What can we learn from Alice Moores story?A.Fame is a great thirst of the young.B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.C.Positive thinking and action result in success.D.Success means getting personal desires satisfied.答案语篇解读Alice是一个青少年创业者,她用她独有的智慧帮助了其他爱吃糖果的孩子并成就了自己的事业。1.B2.A3.B4.CPassag
65、e 8 (2018天津,B)话题:人物轶事难度:难词数:407When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked,
66、 “Do you have the address?”“No, but Ill recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.”“Oh, stop. There it is!”The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.“May I help you?”a man asked.“No,”I said.“Were fine.
67、”Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in?Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem?I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Sudd
68、enly I sensed a man standing behind me.“Where do you think you are?”he asked. I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum!”He smiled, shaking his head.“Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.”“Whats this place?”I asked, still confused.“Well, its our home.”My heart jolted(震颤). I r
69、aced to the staircase and called out,“Sally!Come down immediately!”“Theres some really good stuff(艺术作品)up there.”She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying,“Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.”Outside, when I tol
70、d Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldnt believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusua
71、l happened.Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. “Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?”“Yes. But how do you know?We never told anyone.”“That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never reali
72、zed what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. Ive always wanted to thank you.”1.What do we know about Marian McNay?A.She was a painter.B.She was a community leader.C.She was a museum director.D.S
73、he was a journalist.2.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?A.She disliked people who were nosy.B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers.C.She knew more about art than the man.D.She mistook him for a tour guide.3.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people
74、in the hall?A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.C.Frightened.D.Delighted.4.Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.C.The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D
75、.The event happening in the house was more significant.5.What could we learn from the last paragraph?A.People should have good taste to enjoy life.B.People should spend more time with their family.C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.答案语篇
76、解读30年前,作者和朋友去参观一家博物馆,由于不知道具体地址误入别人的家,主人对她们的到来感到很困惑,而作者对主人的表现也感到很困惑。30年后,作者与房主的女儿偶遇,得知自己曾经的误入使她意识到人们不该对身边的美视而不见。1.A2.D3.A4.D5.CPassage 9 (2018课标全国,C)话题:名人介绍难度:中词数:209While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the Natio
77、nal Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prizewhich is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in archite
78、ctureon February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art(CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his origina
79、l creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected mo
80、re than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wangs works show a de
81、ep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidenc
82、e that traditions once existed,”he said.“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,”he said.“Today, many Chinese people are le
83、arning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,”said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he
84、 said.1.Wangs winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are .A.following the latest world trendB.getting international recognitionC.working harder than ever beforeD.relying on foreign architects2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A.Its hilly environment.B.It
85、s large size.C.Its unique style.D.Its diverse functions.3.What made Wangs architectural design a success?A.The mixture of different shapes.B.The balance of East and West.C.The use of popular techniques.D.The harmony of old and new.4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to W
86、ang?A.Spread them to the world.B.Preserve them at museums.C.Teach them in universities.D.Recreate them in practice.答案语篇解读文章介绍了中国建筑设计师王澍将传统与现代结合,将中国传统元素融入自己的建筑设计中,荣获了2012年普利兹克建筑奖。1.B2.C3.D4.DPassage 10 (2017天津,B)话题:生活启发难度:中词数:359Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy.
87、After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself r
88、ight in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of
89、the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didnt want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at
90、it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined”it, now hangs on a wall in m
91、y bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some strangers bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I dont even know has been immortalized(使永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we al
92、l live in each others spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between
93、 two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.1.What happened when the author was about to take a photo?A.Her camera stopped working.B.A woman blocked her view.C.Someone asked her to leave.D.A friend approached from behind.2.According to the author, the woman was probably .A.enjoying herselfB
94、.losing her patienceC.waiting for the sunsetD.thinking about her past3.In the authors opinion, what makes the photo so alive?A.The rich color of the landscape.B.The perfect positioning of the camera.C.The womans existence in the photo.D.The soft sunlight that summer day.4.The pho
95、to on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand .A.the need to be close to natureB.the importance of private spaceC.the joy of the vacation in ItalyD.the shared passion for beauty5.The passage can be seen as the authors reflections upon .A.a particular life experienceB.the p
96、leasure of travelingC.the art of photographyD.a lost friendship答案语篇解读在我的一次旅途中我发现了一个非常值得拍摄的美景,就在我即将拍摄之际镜头中出现了一个“破坏”风景的女人身影。万般无奈苦苦等待后这张照片中还是留下了她的身影,却有了意想不到的效果。1.B2.A3.C4.D5.A题组二说明文、议论文Passage 1 (2021全国乙,D)话题:乐于学习、善于学习难度:中词数:366During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I st
97、ill think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “Thats why I have a membership at the coworking space across the streetso I can focus.”His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局). But
98、 I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50
99、 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels groupthose exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shopsignificantly outperformed the other groups. Sin
100、ce the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noisenot too loud and no
101、t total silencemay actually improve ones creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus”appears to be the bes
102、t state for working on creative tasks.So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others conversations while were trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face
103、interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.1.Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?A.It helps him concentrate.B.It blocks out background noise.C.I
104、t has a pleasant atmosphere.D.It encourages face-to-face interactions.2.Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?A.Total silence.B.50 decibels.C.70 decibels.D.85 decibels.3.What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?A.Personal privacy unprotected.B.Limited workin
105、g space.C.Restrictions on group discussion.D.Constant interruptions.4.What can we infer about the author from the text?A.Hes a news reporter.B.Hes an office manager.C.Hes a professional designer.D.Hes a published writer.答案语篇解读作者得到启示:开放的工作环境有时有利于创造性思维。1.A2.C3.D
106、4.DPassage 2 (2021全国甲,B)话题:人与动植物难度:中词数:273Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding(繁育)programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were del
107、ighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity(圈养).Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said:“Obviously were all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. Shes healthy, strong a
108、nd already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. Its still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing
109、every day.”The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima a
110、nd weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.1.Which of the following best
111、describes the breeding programme?A.Costly.B.Controversial.C.Ambitious.D.Successful.2.What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?A.She loves staying with her mother.B.She dislikes outdoor activities.C.She is in good condition.D.She is sensitive to heat.3.What similar experience do Solio and Kis
112、ima have?A.They had their first born in January.B.They enjoyed exploring new places.C.They lived with their grandmothers.D.They were brought to the reserve young.4.What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve?A.The rhino section will be open to the public.B.It aims to control the number of the ani
113、mals.C.It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.D.Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.答案语篇解读文章主要介绍了林姆尼港保护区新出生了一头犀牛幼崽。1.D2.C3.A4.DPassage 3 (2020课标全国,C)话题:竞走运动难度:难词数:322Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contri
114、buting to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sports rules require that a race walke
115、rs knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State
116、 University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer th
117、an running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not
118、 leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and
119、 hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.1.Why are race walkers conditioned athl
120、etes?A.They must run long distances.B.They are qualified for the marathon.C.They have to follow special rules.D.They are good at swinging their legs.2.What advantage does race walking have over running?A.Its more popular at the Olympics.B.Its less challenging physically.C.Ith
121、9011;s more effective in body building.D.Its less likely to cause knee injuries.3.What is Dr. Norbergs suggestion for someone trying race walking?A.Getting experts opinions.B.Having a medical checkup.C.Hiring an experienced coach.D.Doing regular exercises.4.Which word b
122、est describes the authors attitude to race walking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.答案语篇解读文章介绍了竞走运动的特点及其利弊。1.C2.D3.A4.BPassage 4 (2020课标全国,C)话题:家庭生活难度:难词数:346With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to l
123、ive together.The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristolone of a growing number
124、 of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita
125、cuts in:“We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with
126、 him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live
127、with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 millio
128、n.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husbands family when they get married.1.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian ho
129、use in Bristol?A.Nick.B.Rita.C.Kathryn.D.The daughters.2.What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law?A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.3.What is the authors statement about multigenerational family based on?A.Family traditions.B.Financial re
130、ports.C.Published statistics.D.Public opinions.4.What is the text mainly about?A.Lifestyles in different countries.B.Conflicts between generations.C.A housing problem in Britain.D.A rising trend of living in the UK.答案语篇解读文章通过Nick一家与岳母共同生活的例子来说明英国越来越多的家庭开始选择多代同住的生活方式。1.B2.A3.C4.DPassage 5 (2020江苏,B)话
131、题:科技发展难度:中词数:408Sometimes its hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their countrys pastage-old castles, splendid homes.and red phone boxes.Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in ju
132、nkyards(废品场), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines(除颤器).The original iron boxes with the round ro
133、ofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the
134、 junkyards.About that time, Tony Inglis engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls to preserve
135、the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often
136、just as important for the community as their original purpose.In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for 1 pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.Others also loo
137、ked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of th
138、e boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last.“I like what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back,”he said.1.The phone boxes are making a comeback .A.to form a beautiful
139、sight of the cityB.to improve telecommunications servicesC.to remind people of a historical periodD.to meet the requirement of green economy2.Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s?A.They were not well-designed.B.They provided bad services.C.They had too short a history.D.Th
140、ey lost to new technologies.3.The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of .A.their new appearance and lower pricesB.the push of the local organizationsC.their changed roles and functionsD.the big funding of the businessmen答案语篇解读这篇文章介绍了在新通信技术出现的今天,电话亭改头换面重新出现在英国街头的情况。1.C2.D3.CPassage 6 (20
141、19天津,C)话题:生态系统难度:难词数:379How does an ecosystem(生态系统) work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With s
142、uch models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物), the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on
143、 various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction(灭绝)of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier
144、to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects th
145、roughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other speciesincluding species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control
146、 by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical mode
147、ls. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点), it is remarkably diffi
148、cult for them to return.1.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?A.The living habits of species in food webs.B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D.The differences between weak and stro
149、ng links in food webs.2.A strong link is found between two species when a predator.A.has a wide food choice B.can easily find new preyC.sticks to one prey speciesD.can quickly move to another place3.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?A.The prey species
150、 they directly attack will die out.B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.4.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?A
151、.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.5.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance?A.By getti
152、ng illegal practices under control.B.By stopping us from killing large predators.C.By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.D.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.答案语篇解读地球上的生态系统是如何运转的呢?物种之间有的关系非常紧密,有的关系疏远,科学家用数学模型来弄清生态系统运转的奥秘。1.B2.C3.D4.A5.DPassage 7 (2019课标全国,C)话题:
153、报纸的发展过程难度:中词数:313Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people
154、 in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”a term referring to paper
155、s made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830
156、, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printers office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a pennyusually two
157、or three cents was chargedand some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the publics fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin we
158、ll. Some of the early ventures(企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.1.Which of the following best describes newspapers
159、 in America before the 1830s?A.Academic.B.Unattractive.C.Inexpensive.D.Confidential.2.What did street sales mean to newspapers?A.They would be priced higher.B.They would disappear from cities.C.They could have more readers.D.They could regain public trust.3.Who were the newspapers of the new trend t
160、argeted at?A.Local politicians.B.Common people.C.Young publishers.D.Rich businessmen.4.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A.It was a difficult process.B.It was a temporary success.C.It was a robbery of the poor.D.It was a disaster for printers.答案语篇解读文章介绍了报纸走向街头,走向大众的过程。1.B2.C3.B4.APa
161、ssage 8 (2019课标全国,D)话题:自然科学难度:中词数:329Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 025 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monk
162、eys combinedor addedthe symbols to get the reward.Heres how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other sid
163、e two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rew
164、arded with the sum of the numbers17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team exam
165、ined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in valuesometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, t
166、he monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains,” Dr. Livingstone says.“But in this experiment what theyre doing is paying more att
167、ention to the big number than the little one.”1.What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A.They fed them.B.They named them.C.They trained them.D.They measured them.2.How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A.By drawing a circle.B.By touching a screen.C.By watchin
168、g videos.D.By mixing two drinks.3.What did Livingstones team find about the monkeys?A.They could perform basic addition.B.They could understand simple words.C.They could memorize numbers easily.D.They could hold their attention for long.4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appea
169、r? A.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.Science.答案语篇解读科学家对猴子进行测试后发现猴子有一定的数字计算能力。1.C2.B3.A4.DPassage 9 (2019江苏,C)话题:社会进步难度:难词数:444Who cares if people think wrongly that the internet has had more important influences than the washing machine?Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the m
170、ost recent changes?It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of peoples opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology)revolution, represented by the int
171、ernet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业), with negative consequences for their economies.Even more worry
172、ingly, the fascination with the internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide”between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment an
173、d internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved peoples
174、 lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alter
175、native uses of their money.In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many pe
176、ople have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows
177、 of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the lates
178、t, and our under-valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.1.Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to.A.a lack of confidence in technologyB.a slow progress in technologyC.a conflict of public opinionsD.a waste of limited re
179、sources2.The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should.A.take peoples essential needs into accountB.make their programmes attractive to peopleC.ensure that each child gets financial supportD.provide more affordable internet facilities3.What has led many governments to remove nec
180、essary regulations?A.Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.B.Believing that the world has become borderless.C.Ignoring the power of economic development.D.Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.4.What can we learn from the passage?A.People should be encouraged to make mo
181、re donations.B.Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.C.Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.D.Economic policies should follow technological trends.答案语篇解读本文告诉我们应正确认识科技发展趋势并顺势而为。1.D2.A3.B4.BPassage 10 (2018课标全国,D)话题:科普知识难度:中词数:351We may think were a culture
182、that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the new
183、er ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the
184、device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smartphones, and LCD TVs entered
185、homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said
186、one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the
187、 worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution(解决方案)?The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replac
188、ed old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.1.What does the author think of new de
189、vices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.2.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology
190、.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them
191、.答案语篇解读我们也许认为当新的科技产品出现时,人们会将已经落后、过时的东西抛弃,但研究发现事实并非如此。陈旧的产品仍然被使用着,但是使用起来消耗的能源多、污染大,的确应该及时淘汰。1.A2.D3.B4.APassage 11 (2017浙江,B)话题:睡眠习惯难度:中词数:304Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go
192、to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7-to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school. How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need
193、a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day!Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed ki
194、ds said they do before bedtime?Watch TV.“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedti
195、me can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall aslee
196、p before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with th
197、e results.1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A.American kids sleeping habits.B.Teenagers sleep-related diseases.C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A.7 hours.B.8 ho
198、urs.C.10 hours.D.18 hours.3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.B.They tend to do things that excite them.C.They follow their parents examples.D.They dont need to go to school early.答案语篇解读文章主要介绍了美国青少年的睡眠习惯及存在的问题。1
199、.A2.C3.BPassage 12 (2017北京,D)话题:人工智能难度:中词数:455Hollywoods theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what w
200、e really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the ma
201、chine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequenc
202、e of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task.
203、If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer
204、scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary huma
205、ns, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by s
206、ome AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others thi
207、nk that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutro
208、n-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.A.run out of human controlB.satisfy humans real desiresC.command armies of killer robotsD.work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living thing
209、s partly because they might be able to.A.prevent themselves from being destroyedB.achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD.beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.A.help super intelligent machin
210、es work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC.keep machines from being harmedD.avoid robots affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A.It will disappear with the development of AI.B.It will get worse with human interference.
211、C.It will be solved but with difficulty.D.It will stay for a decade.答案语篇解读本文主要讲述了人工智能如果有了某种特定的目标,它便会不择手段地去生存并去实现自己的目标。如果放任不管,人类也许会失去对人工智能的控制。解决这个问题虽然是有可能的,但并非易事。1.A2.A3.D4.C 3年模拟题组一记叙文Passage 1 (2022届山西运城摸底,B)话题:一个细心的司机 难度:易 词数:331In Los Angeles, UPS driver Hector Vesco noticed that while he did his
212、 normal route, there was one kid, Langston Walbuck, who looked sad because he never got a delivery. Once Hector understood why Langston looked upset, he decided to put together a package and deliver it to Langston himself. A father of two himself, he knew that he would have to check in with Langston
213、s parents before proceeding. Using a blank UPS slip, Hector wrote out a note reading, “Hi, this is Hector, your UPS driver. Ive seen your son plenty of times on the balcony and he seems very sad that he doesnt get any packages. When he asked me if I had any packages for
214、 him, I told him, Dont worry. Maybe next time. So, anyway, Ive bought something and put it in a box. Just want to know his name.” Hector also shared his number so that the parents could contact him directly. After getting all the information he needed from Langstons mom
215、, Brooke, Hector showed up the next day and surprised a very excited Langston with the delivery. Of course, the gesture of delivering the parcel was nice enough, but it turns out what was inside made it even better! When Langston opened up the box, he found a collection of toy cars and a bunch of ca
216、ndy, as well. It doesnt get much better than that for a little boy. After the delivery was made, Langstons mother, Brooke, sent a follow-up text to thank Hector again for his kindness. In Hectors message back to Brooke, he mentioned that Langston helped him remember how
217、 many kids, along with his, had to live through the COVID-19 pandemic. “Our kids are our world and the future,” he said, and finished with, “Your UPS driver just wanted to show some love.” 1.Why was Langston unhappy when seeing Hector deliver? A.Langston never got any packages. B.Hector did not know
218、 Langstons name. C.Langston could not serve as a UPS driver. D.Hector delivered Langstons parcel to his parents.2.What did Hector do to cheer Langston up? A.Hector wrote Langston a note. B.Hector talked to Langstons parents. C.Hector encouraged Langston to be positive.
219、D.Hector delivered a package to Langston himself.3.How did Langston feel about Hectors action? A.Confident.B.Thrilled.C.Curious.D.Cautious.4.What does the author mainly intend to convey? A.The pandemic affects the globe.B.Children love toy cars and candies. C.Old products can serve new pur
220、poses.D.Ordinary people can be extraordinary. 答案语篇解读UPS司机Hector Vesco注意到一个孩子Langston Walbuck因为没有收到任何包裹,看起来很伤心,于是亲自给他送了一个包裹,让他开心起来。1.A2.D3.B4.DPassage 2 (2022届安徽亳州五中期中,B)话题:自己的经历 难度:易 词数:360When I arrived in London, I couldnt speak a word of English. Not even “hello”. I was 18. Id
221、 been working for my dads restaurant in Milan and I wanted a new experience. My friend from home lived in London and he used to tell me how incredible it was. I was really bored, so I took my luggage and left.I was so lost when I arrived at Stansted. To me, English sounded like Chinese. I
222、only arrived with a few hundred pounds. I lived with my friend in East London for a while. I couldnt find a job for a month. Finally I found a waiter role in a restaurant. At the time, I had nothing else going on in my life. I used to get up, go to work, and sleep. It was no difference eve
223、ry day. Then one day on my lunch break, I saw a Gymbox. When I took a look in, there was an amazing Muay Thai (泰拳) class. I used to do boxing when I was 15 but I wasnt that serious about it. There and then I joined the gym and signed up for the Thai boxing team.I fell in love with it. I ne
224、ver missed a session (一场). I started training a lot and the head coach said to me one day, “Do you want to fight?” I knew thats what I wanted to do. He put me in competitions and I won my first nine amateur games. After watching me progress, he offered to help me fight professionally. Howe
225、ver, at one point I had a motorcycle crash and was out for 18 months. This year Ive fought in Milan and London. Id say Im about 12 fights away from becoming a winner.Sometimes I cant believe how far Ive come from that day I arrived in England. I thin
226、k everything thats happened has been because Im committed. But anyone could do it. If you put in 100% effort, youll get there. Im just happy because I did a positive thing with my life. It feels good.1. What had the writer done before he came to London?A.He ha
227、d worked in a restaurant.B.He had been a professional coach.C.He had worked in a small company.D.He had done nothing but travel around.2.How was the writers life at first in London?A.Exciting.B.Scary.C.Satisfying.D.Dull.3.What influenced the writers life most?A.Joining the boxing
228、 team.B.Losing the competition in Milan.C.Suffering from a motorcycle crash.D.Being the head coach of the team.4.What does the writer intend to convey in the last paragraph?A.Life is not all roses.B.Difficulties make him stronger.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.Devotion makes him successful.答案语
229、篇解读作者讲述了在伦敦找工作、学习泰拳和参加比赛的经历,并告诉我们只要付出100%的努力,就能获得成功。1.A2.D3.A4.DPassage 3 (2022届成都树德中学检测,B)话题:一把椅子 难度:中 词数:374Maybe its because it was our first purchase as homeowners. The salesman must have spotted just how green we were, so he began persuading. And soon he led us to a classic leather ch
230、air. All these years later, I remember he used words like rich and handsome, the thing every living room needed. We believed him. So we bought that chairjust less than $100, a great deal in the 1970s for a young couple! How we loved that chair! It always occupied a place of honor in our various livi
231、ng rooms, moving with us from our first tiny house to our beloved new house. Somehow, conversations were better on that chair, and life was more fun around it. Three daughters spilled their secrets on it. Old friends seemed to be attracted by it on those wonderful occasions. Crazy as it sounds, that
232、 leather chair seemed to havewell, powers. All for good. At first, we didnt really care that the leather was showing signs of wear or that it had lost its sheen (光泽). But in our most recent move, when the chair was moved in our new living room, it suddenly looked terribly lonely sitting cl
233、ose to newly painted walls and a couple of shiny new tables. My husband and I tried but still we couldnt ignore the rough spots. Our chair had a skin disease. Even our adult kids raised their eyebrows, urging us to at least remove the chair to some dark corner of the room. Neither of us co
234、uld imagine such a retirement for it. So we had an inspired idea. Wed call in an upholsterer(家具装饰商) to give our old chair a whole new life. Our friend Joe studied the chair and then took out a simple leather conditioner. He explained that although it wouldnt work miracles, it wou
235、ld definitely get our weary chair looking younger again. It certainly doesnt look new, but its seat and back are shining, and some of its deeper wrinkles have lightened. Best of all, its back in the living room, looking like a wise old friend to the furniture around it. And, yes,
236、 there it will stay. Because some things, like some people, just deserve a happy old age. 1.How did the salesman persuade the author into buying the chair? A.By thinking highly of the author. B.By saying that the author was green. C.By describing how great the chair was. D.By comparing the chair wit
237、h others.2.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A.Sweet memories with the chair. B.Various functions of the chair. C.Peoples comments on the chair. D.Family activities and parties of friends.3.Why did the author finally decide to repair the chair? A.Because she was persuaded by Joe.
238、B.Because she didnt have enough money. C.Because it showed signs of hardness. D.Because it couldnt match her new house.4.What can we learn from the text? A.East or west, home is best.B.From saving comes having. C.It is never too late to mend.D.Old friends and wine are best. 答案语篇解
239、读文章讲述的是一直跟随作者一家的一把椅子从崭新变得老旧,从小房子里到大房子里,再到最后经过翻修的过程。1.C2.A3.D4.DPassage 4 (2021百师联盟一轮复习联考,B)话题:人与动物难度:易词数:408Dan studied the tracks on the ground. For the third night in a row, the adult bear had returned. Was she here because she was just looking for an easy meal? Or was she here because of the baby
240、 bear locked in the pen? If that was the reason, what did she want with the cub?Dan thought about the cub. He knew there was a lot the cub could learn from an adult bear. He did not want to disturb or interfere with the bears getting to know each other. But the cub had been brought in injured. As th
241、e cubs guardian, Dan had a responsibility to make sure that the cub was safe. Perhaps he had been hurt by this very bear. On the other hand, what if the adult were friendly? She could teach the cub things he had to learn if he were to live in the wilderness. Dan decided it was worth taking
242、 a chance. He would let the adult bear near the cub. But he would be ready for trouble, if this turned out to be a mistake.That night, Dan waited in the shadows near the pen. In his hand was a big flashlight. If the adult bear tried to hurt the cub, he would try to scare her off with the light. If t
243、hat did not work, he had a loud horn with him. He thought that the sudden noise from the horn would drive her away.Dan did not have to wait very long. Soon there was a rustle in the woods. Then the adult proclaimed her presence with a low growl and emerged from behind a tree. She was quick in moveme
244、nt and healthy. Dan hoped she would scare easily.As soon as the cub heard her frightening low noise, he became active and started toward the fence in an awkward run. When the two bears met at the fence, the adult stood and put her front paws against it. The cub tried to do the same, but tottered and
245、 fell forward. The adult bear snorted. Dan was not sure what the snort meant. Then the cub stuck his nose through the fence in a friendly greeting. How would the adult respond? Dans heart raced. He raised the flashlight and the horn, ready to act.The adult leaned forward and gently rubbed
246、her nose against the cub. Dan lowered the flashlight. Everything was going to be fine.1.The author writes this passage chiefly for the purpose of .A.showing people how to behave at the zooB.informing the reader about extinct animalsC.persuading the reader to give money to zoosD.entertaining the read
247、er with a story about bears2.The author asks questions at the beginning of the story to .A.help people remember the storyB.find out if the reader can answer themC.get the reader interested in the storyD.see how much the reader knows about bears3.Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word
248、 “tottered” in Paragraph 5?A.Walked proudly with his head high.B.Moved in a way that was not steady.C.Walked with heavy steps in an angry way.D.Moved lightly as if he was dancing.4.Why did Dan lower the flashlight at the end of the story?A.He saw the adult bear was not going to hurt the cub.B.He wan
249、ted to scare away the adult bear.C.He was concerned about what might happen.D.He wondered if the two bears would get along well.答案语篇解读一只小熊受伤后得到了丹的救助,它被关在了一个围栏里,一只母熊一连三个晚上想要接近这只小熊。一方面丹担心母熊会伤害小熊,另一方面他又担心小熊会失去了从母熊身上学到生存本领的机会,因为母熊接近小熊的目的可能不是来伤害它。1.D2.C3.B4.APassage 5 (2021云贵川桂四省联考,B)话题:人物介绍难度:中词数:292Las
250、t week,84-year-old Janet Fein received her bachelors degree from the University of Texas at Dallas. Fein has had a full life. She has raised five children and then had a career as a secretary until she retired at age 77. But even then, she was not ready to take it easy and rest. She said s
251、he decided to major in sociology because she felt it was very important.Fein grew up in the Bronx area of New York City. She just wanted to get a job in high school. After graduating at the age of 16, she went to work as a secretary. After getting married, she spent 18 years staying at home with her
252、 children. She held several jobs throughout her life, including 20 years as a secretary at a hospital. She also worked for 20 years on earning an associate degree. But Fein also wanted to earn a bachelors degree “with all my heart”. Even with all of her life experiences, she still enjoyed
253、reading, writing papers and learning new things.Health experts say continuing with education later in life is one way to keep fit.Carmel Dyer, director of the UT Health Consortium on Aging at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, says keeping active and giving yourself something
254、to look forward to “is just a really positive move”.Fein kept going to class even as her health conditions worsened. During her studies, it became necessary for her to use a walker to get around and she required oxygen.She also developed knee problems. Therefore, Fein took online classes to finish t
255、he last part of her degree requirements.Her college advisor Sheila Rollerson said Fein never showed signs of giving up even with all of her difficulties.“She just kept plugging away,” Rollerson said.1.What was Janet Feins last work before she retired?A.A teacher.B.A secretary.C.A nurse.D.A
256、 doctor.2.What did Janet Fein want to do most after earning an associate degree?A.Get a bachelors degree.B.Keep fit by taking exercise.C.Read all kinds of books.D.Find a job at the hospital.3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A.Life should be full of adventures.B.People should have the
257、ir own views.C.Further study benefits the olds health.D.Healthy lifestyle is just to keep active.4.What do you think of Janet Fein?A.Honest.B.Determined.C.Generous.D.Kind.答案语篇解读文章讲述了一位84岁的老人实现自己人生目标的故事。她的目标是获得大学学士学位。1.B2.A3.C4.BPassage 6 (2021陕西安康联考,B)话题:助人的方式难度:中词数:369My grandson Jason wa
258、s nowhere to be seennormal behavior for a ten-year-old. I sat down on a chair and noticed the ladder(梯子)lying on the ground under the big tree beside the driveway. It didnt take Sherlock Holmes to figure out Jason was up in that tree and had accidentally kicked the ladder away. He wasn
259、49011;t about to come down, and he wouldnt let me know he was trapped. I could put up the ladder and rescue him, but then I recalled an event in my youth that I now, more than 50 years later, suddenly understood.Raymond Cutting was a white-haired gentleman, who entered my life when I was J
260、asons age. My parents said I was free to wander around the village except for the abandoned quarry(采石场)at the foot of a local mountain, but it was an interesting place: full of milky green water and rusty machinery hiding in the bushes. One afternoon I went there with some older boys, who
261、later abandoned me when the sun was low. I tried for an hour to find my way, climbing over fallen trees but got caught in the bushes. Panicked, I cried.Stopping to catch my breath, I heard someone whistle(吹口哨). “Hello,”said Cutting. “Out for a walk?” I nodded, “Ive just been out exploring
262、the old quarry, but Ive got to get home now.” “If youd wait a minute, Ill walk back to town with you after I finish this willow whistle.”So we walked back down the path together, and the willow whistle was mine, sounding loud and clear. It suddenly dawned on me what an
263、unusual act of kindness that wasMr. Cutting had heard me crying, but he didnt play the role of a rescuer. Instead, he whistled so that I could find him.I got up from the chair and drove my truck right under the big tree, where Jason was. I picked up the ladder and carried it around to the
264、back of the house. When I returned, Jason was sitting in my chair.“Where have you been?” I asked.“Exploring,”Jason said. “I am a Cub Scout, you know.”“Yes,”I smiled and said, “I know.”1.What do we know about the ten-year-old author and Jason?A.Neither of them admitted being trapped.B.Neither of them
265、 were fond of exploring.C.They both got stuck in the woods.D.They both cried out for help.2.What was Mr. Cuttings kind act to the author?A.He offered to walk the author home.B.He helped the author without hurting his pride.C.He punished the boys who left the author behind.D.He gave the aut
266、hor his handmade willow whistle.3.How did the author help his grandson get down the tree?A.He placed his chair by the tree.B.He parked the truck under the tree.C.He put the ladder up against the tree.D.He climbed onto the tree to catch him.4.What can we learn from the story?A.Like father, like son.B
267、.Once bitten, twice shy.C.God help those who help themselves.D.Have consideration for others while offering help.答案语篇解读作者的孙子喜欢探索,被困到了树上,但羞于承认。由此作者联想到自己小时候也喜欢探索,一次被困后别人并没有直接戳穿自己被困的事实而是采用委婉的方式让自己脱困,作者对孙子也采用了同样的方法去解救他。1.A2.B3.B4.D题组二说明文Passage 1 (2022届南昌实验中学模考,D)话题:一款机器人 难度:中 词数:334A robot created by W
268、ashington State University (WSU) scientists could help elderly people with dementia (痴呆) and other limitations live independently in their own homes.The Robot Activity Support System, or RAS, uses sensors installed in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and whe
269、n they need assistance with daily activities. It navigates (定位) through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owner to objects like their medication or a snack in the kitchen.“RAS combines the convenience of
270、a mobile robot with the activity detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance in the moment, as the need for help is detected,” said Bryan Minor, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.Currently, an estimated 50 percent of adults
271、over the age of 85 need assistance with everyday activities such as preparing meals and taking medication and the annual cost of the assistance in the US is nearly $2 trillion. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, researchers hope that technologies like RAS and the WSU smart
272、 home will relieve some of the financial strain on the health care system by making it easier for older adults to live alone.RAS is the first robot researchers have tried to incorporate into their smart home environment. They recently published a study in the journal Cognitive Systems Research that
273、demonstrates how RAS could make life easier for older adults struggling to live independently.“While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising,” Minor said. “The next step in the research will be to test RAS performance with a group of
274、older adults to get a better idea of what prompts, video reminders and other preferences they have regarding the robot.”1. How does RAS serve elderly people?A.Through sensors.B.Through objects.C.Through a mobile robot.D.Through their daily activities.2.What can we know about RAS?A.It is the first ro
275、bot used in daily life.B.Its function remains to be tested.C.It can locate people and do any task.D.It can cook for owners on its own.3.Whats Minors attitude toward the future of RAS?A.Doubtful.B.Negative.C.Optimistic.D.Uncertain.4. What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Eld
276、erly people leave the nursing home.B.Smart home tests the first elder-care robot.C.RAS, the first robot to make home smart.D.Older adults have benefited from RAS.答案语篇解读本文介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人,它可以帮助那些痴呆或有身体缺陷的老年人在家里过上自立的生活。1.A2.B3.C4.BPassage 2 (2020河南开封二模,D)话题:现代科技难度:中词数:305Cattle manure(粪肥) ha
277、s become one of the worlds greatest environmental killers, but one Dutch artist is using chemistry to turn it into something that is both eco-friendly and valuable.In recent years, scientists around the world have made great progress in their attempts to recycle cattle manure, including tu
278、rning it into natural fertilizer, but Eindhoven designer Jalila Essaidi didnt think they were efficient enough to solve the global manure problem. So she started on her very own solution, one that approached animal waste as a valuable material that could be processed into useful products.S
279、he started by separating the waste, with the dry manure used to get pure cellulose(纤维素)from the grass that cows eat. From the wet manure, she got acids used to create a natural liquid plastic which was used to make fibers that were later turned into fabric(material used for making clothes).This new
280、material was named Mestic, from mest, the Dutch word for manure. Essaidi claims that it has the same function as plastic from fossil fuels, but is biodegradable(可生物降解的). Better yet, the degradability can be dealt with in the lab, making it possible to create materials that last for different periods
281、 of time depending on their purpose. “This is not the first time that scientists have been looking for ways to solve the manure problem, but it is the first time that manure is being considered as a valuable resource,”the Dutch designer said.Last year, Jalila Essaidi partnered the city of Eindhoven
282、to produce a fashion show using Mestic-based fabrics. Her Mestic collection was so impressive that a clothing giant awarded her the Global Change Award and a $1 million prize. And cow manure is just the beginning of Jalila Essaidis experiments with animal waste. “After cows, well
283、 deal with pigs and other animals,” she said.1.Why has the author written the text?A.To suggest practical ways to deal with cattle manure.B.To advertise for some clothes made by a Dutch company.C.To introduce a designer who turns cattle manure into clothing.D.To persuade people to purchase products
284、made from manure.2.Which is the correct order of making Mestic-based clothing?A.acidsliquid plasticmanurefabricfibersclothingB.manureacidsliquid plasticfibersfabricclothingC.liquid plasticmanurefabricfibersacidsclothingD.fibersmanureacidsfabricliquid plasticclothing3.What do we know about Mestic?A.I
285、ts smell is rather terrible.B.It is made from fossil fuels.C.Its name has a Dutch origin.D.It can only be made in the lab.4.What do Jalila Essaidis words in the last paragraph mean?A.Something more needs to be done about cow manure.B.She will switch to other animals waste in the
286、future.C.What experiments to do next really puzzles her.D.The future of fashionable clothing is optimistic.答案语篇解读牛粪做成的衣服你会穿吗?本文提到了一位荷兰设计师利用动物粪便制成有价值的材料,进而加工成有用的产品,比如衣服。1.C2.B3.C4.B题组三议论文Passage 1 (2022届宁夏青铜峡高级中学检测,D)话题:疫苗 难度:难 词数:365This years flu season is shaping up to be a bad one. The
287、new type of flu virus is more severe than most. In addition many people find the vaccine this year to be less effective, and others are wondering if they should still get a flu shot. The answer is yes. Each summer, scientists try to make a best guess about which variants (变体) are going to be more co
288、mmon in the coming year. They look at data from other countries, and then they make the vaccine to match. Sometimes a vaccine doesnt work well because some variants change too much. Thats why in any year, even when youre vaccinated, you can get the flu. The shot is abou
289、t reducing the risk, not getting rid of it. “Less effective” and “more effective” are relative terms, so we need to focus more on absolute risks. In 2010, researchers published an in-depth analysis of all flu shot studies. They showed that when a vaccine was considered effective, 1.2% of vaccinated
290、people had the flu, while 3.9% of unvaccinated people had the flu. Thats an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 2.7 percentage points. In studies in which the flu shot was considered ineffective, 1.1% of vaccinated people had the flu compared with 2.4% of unvaccinated people. The ARR was 1.3
291、percentage points. Lets say this years flu vaccine is even worse than we think. Maybe the ARR will be as low as 1 percentage point. Thats still not that bad. Given the millions who are likely to suffer from the flu and the thousands of deaths each year, this is a big pa
292、y-off in public health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says that 9 million to 36 million people become ill with the flu each year in the United States. Somewhere between 140,000 and 710,000 of them require hospitalization, and 12,000 to 56,000 die each year. No vaccine is perfe
293、ctly protective in any year. But to minimize your chances of illness, yes, you should still get the flu shot this year, and any year. 1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A.Why some vaccines are ineffective.B.Why people should get vaccines. C.How a new vaccine is developed.D.How people survive the fl
294、u in summer.2.What can the ARR tell us according to the text? A.How dangerous the flu could be.B.The risk of a vaccine. C.How the flu spreads. D.The effectiveness of a flu vaccine.3.Why does the author provide the CDCs figures? A.To show many people suffer from serious diseases each year.
295、B.To show flu vaccines are sometimes ineffective. C.To show the flu is a major cause of human death. D.To show vaccines can still save many people. 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A.To report a threatening type of flu virus. B.To persuade people to receive flu vaccines. C.To explain the spre
296、ad of flu viruses. D.To give an introduction to this years vaccine.答案语篇解读文章讨论随着流感病毒变体的增多及流感疫苗效果的下降,是否还有必要注射流感疫苗。1.C2.D3.D4.BPassage 2 (2021“皖赣联考”第三次考试,D)话题:跳舞的好处难度:中词数:314If you asked me to dance, Id probably freeze on the spot and some people say I have two left feet! But with s
297、ome persuasion and Dutch courage I can be tempted to take to the dance floor and shake some movesand that, apparently, is only natural.Experts have found as well as being fun, dancing might have helped us to survive as a species.Evolutionary anthropologist(人类学家) Bronwyn Tarr from the University of O
298、xford believes that dancing alone is one thing but its dancing as a group that makes our brain reward us with a cocktail of feel-good hormones that change how we feel about ourselves and those around us. This is likely to lead to profound social effects.Its keeping pace with othe
299、rs that makes us happy. Bronwyn Tarr says that “dancing fosters social closeness between people. It helps us build social connections and communities. In our past, those social connections would have been critical to surviving.”Dance is also a good way to keep fit and improve our mental health. In W
300、ales there have been calls for doctors to prescribe dance classes to people who are unwell. The Arts Council of Wales claims there are many health benefits. And Bronwyn Tarr says“more and more were actually discovering that your longevity(长寿)your life expectancyis predicted by the social c
301、onnections that you have.still today its something we should do more of.”It could be part of being a conservative Englishman that makes me a reluctant dancer. Look at other nationalities such as Cubans where dancing is at the heart of their cultural identity. And in Brazil at Carnival time
302、, people let their hair down by dancing together day and night. They seem to be having a good timeso maybe I should get to my feet and dance!1.What does the author imply in the first paragraph?A.He doesnt like dances.B.He does not dance well.C.He lacks confidence in dance.D.He does everyth
303、ing out of nature.2.What can be inferred from Tarrs words in Paragraph 2?A.Dancing alone doesnt benefit us at all.B.Dancing with others helps people survive.C.It is funny to keep pace with other people.D.It matters most to dance on social occasions.3.How does the author feel about dancing in the last paragraph? A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Unclear.D.Objective.4.Which is the best title for the text?A.What makes you a real dancer?B.What can dances bring us?C.Why do people love to dance?D.How can we dance well?答案语篇解读文章论述了跳舞给人们带来的好处。1.B2.B3.A4.C
