1、语法专题突破专题四 三大从句与特殊句式第四讲 特殊句式一 感叹句、祈使句和强调句二 倒装三 省略考 点 分 层 演 练“What a beautiful garden！How beautiful the red flowers are！”The kids shouted.“Can we go into the garden，Mrs Green？”“Yes.But dont pick or harm the flowers while appreciating them.It was with great patience that the gardener grew them.”“Yes，Mr
2、s Green.Lets explore the garden.”语篇导入一 感叹句、祈使句和强调句为感叹句，结构为：What(a/an)adj.n.(主语谓语)或Howadj./adv.主语谓语。为祈使句，结构为：Do sth./Dont do sth.有时后面会加上“and/or句子”。强调句结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他。1强调句型的基本结构：It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他。该句型可对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。2It is/was.who/that.结构不能强调谓语动词。可用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和
3、一般过去时的肯定陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。I do hope to receive your early reply.我真的希望早日收到你的回复。难点精析Do remember to lock the door when you leave the office.在你离开办公室的时候，一定要记得锁门。3当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。It was Tom who/that I came across in the library yesterday.昨天我在图书馆里遇见的是汤姆。It was in the library that I met
4、 Tom yesterday.我昨天是在图书馆里遇见的汤姆。4强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Wasit被强调的部分that/who其他部分？Was it in the library that you met Tom yesterday?昨天你是在图书馆里遇见的汤姆吗？5强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat其他部分？Where was it that you met Tom yesterday?你昨天是在哪里遇见的汤姆？6not.until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until.that其他部分。It was not until yesterday t
5、hat I was told that he was ill in hospital.直到昨天我才被告知他生病住院了。单句语法填空Work hard，_ you will make progress in English.Hurry up，_ you will miss the train._ a beautiful picture it is!_ moving the story is!You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.andorWhatHowthatIt was
6、nt until 1706 _ Thomas Twining founded the worlds first dry tea and coffee shop in London.It is because of her strong will _ she never gives up whatever difficulties she meets.(2021浙江宁波慈溪中学月考)It wasnt until they were all safe _ she called 911.thatthatthat倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装。部分倒装只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。
7、完全倒装是把谓语完全放在主语之前。1部分倒装Never will my mother go to the amusement park again.Not only was it dirty，but also it was noisy.So noisy was it that I couldnt hear my mother.语篇导入二倒装Only when she shouted at me at the top of her voice could I hear what she was saying.If mother wont go，neither will I.The reason
8、is simple.Near as it is，I cant go there alone because I have no sense of direction.never，seldom，hardly，rarely，little等含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。so/such.that.结构中的so，such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。“only状语(从句)”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。表 示 前 面 所 说 的 情 况 也 适 用 于 后 者 时，用 倒 装 结 构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表
9、示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。2全部倒装On the platform was a student giving a speech.In the corner sat a shy boy.Then came the boys turn.“Come onto the platform，”said the teacher.There went the boy.Though his hands were trembling，he began his speech.表地点的介词短语位于句首
10、，引起句子全部倒装。表示时间的副词then，now位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。直接引语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。表示方位方向的副词here，there，out，in，up，down，away位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。口诀：方位方向加时间，地点介短直引(提)前。1在as/though引导的部分倒装结构中，如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，则其前不加冠词。Child as he was，he finished his task with great courage and determination.尽管他只是一个孩子，他还是满怀着决心和勇气完成了任务。难点精析2在全部倒装结构中，主语只能是名词而
11、不能是代词。Look！Here comes the bus.看！汽车来了。不能说Here comes it.要说Here it comes.单句语法填空Next door to ours _(live)a black couple，who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.Absurd _ it might sound，everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.Not until recently _ they encourag
12、e the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.liveas/thoughdidHere _(be)some suggestions，which I hope will be of benefit to you.完成句子Only when you realize the importance of English _ _.只有当你认识到英语的重要性时，你才能全身心投入其中。Not only _ in this way but also they can strengthen their self-confid
13、ence.通过这种方式，学生们不仅能提高他们的写作能力，而且还能增强自信心。arecan you put your heart in to itcan students improve their writing abilitySo much homework _ that we have little time to have a rest.每天我们不得不做如此多的作业，以至于我们几乎连休息的时间都没有。The parents didnt tolerate their kids rudeness at the party，nor _ themselves to be disobeyed.父母
14、不能容忍他们的孩子在聚会上表现得没礼貌，也不允许自己的命令不被服从。do we have to do everydaydid they allowYou shouldnt read books while having lunch.If so，you will make the book dirty.Would you like to put your book aside now.Id like to，but the book is so interesting that I cant tear myself away from it.Do you want to have a stomac
15、hache?No，I hope not.I will put it away right now.语篇导入三省略在while，when，where，as if，if，though，no matter what，until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而从句主语又与主句主语一致或从句主语是it时，状语从句中的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。if ever如果曾发生过的话；if busy 如果忙的话；if any如果有的话；if possible如果可能的话；if so如果这样的话；if not如果不的话；if necessary如果必要的话。在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作
16、再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在Im afraid，I hope，I think，I guess，I believe等开头的答句中。1在状语从句的省略中，若省略，则主语和be动词一起省略，若保留则一起保留。You are not careful enough while(you are)crossing a busy street.在横穿繁忙街道的时候，你再怎么小心也不为过。难点精析2在状语从句的省略中，考查连词之后的非谓语动词时，要考虑该动词与主句主语之间的关系。Though l
17、acking money，his parents managed to send him to college.尽管缺钱，他的父母还是设法让他去上大学。He always keeps silent unless asked.除非被问到，他总是保持沉默。单句语法填空We finished the task two days earlier than _(expect)Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?As I know，he spends at least as much time playing as he does _(write)exp
18、ectedwritingWe all know that，if not carefully _(deal)with，the situation will get worse.He suddenly turned around as if _(make)sure that nobody was following him.(2021南开中学5月模拟)Though _(surprise)to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.dealtto makesurpirsed单句语法填空1(2019全国)Of the nineteen recogniz
19、ed polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six _(be)stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.解析：考查省略。根据three are declining可知，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的polar bear subpopulations，故谓语用复数形式；由后文中的nine lack enough data可知，用一般现在时。故填are。解题策略are2Are you free tonight?If _，Id like you to meet Tom，my new
20、friend from the States.解析：考查省略。句意：今晚你有空吗？如果有空的话，我想让你见见我的新朋友，来自美国的汤姆。if so“如果这样的话”，so替代上文的全部内容，避免重复。故填so。so3When _(return)home，I met my old friend Paul in the street.解析：考查省略。句意：当我回家时，我在街上遇到了我的老朋友保罗。return的逻辑主语与句子主语I一致，且I与return之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词形式。when returning home是when I was returning home的省略。故填re
21、turning。returning4(2020山东潍坊期中)Evidence suggests that you can remove more germs(病菌)from your hands for this amount of time while _(wash)your hands.解析：考查省略。此处考查状语从句的省略。句意：有证据表明，在洗手的过程中，你可以在这段时间内祛除手上更多的细菌。此处补全为：while you are washing your hands。故填washing。washing5If _(trap)in danger，please calm down and
22、shout for help immediately.解析：考查省略。句意：如果被困在危险中，请冷静下来，立即呼救。本句为状语从句的省略，还原后为：if you are trapped，主从句主语一致，可省略从句的主语和be动词。故填trapped。trapped1注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式。如果是省略句，注意补全缺失部分之后再解题。2根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。(1)看到倒装句，要注意其谓语动词的人称和数；(2)看到there be句型要注意主谓一致和时态。技法点津层级一 基础达标练单句语法填空1Professor Salovery，who invented the ter
23、m EQ，gives the following description：At work，it is IQ_ gets you promoted.解析：考查强调句型。该处为it is.that.强调句，强调了主语IQ。故填that。考点分层演练that2 Yes，of course they celebrate Christmas here，and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets，but_ seem to be no signs of Christmas adverts.解析：考查there be句型。be
24、动词可用lie，exist，remain等替代。故填there。3Although it was ten years ago _ I read the book，it showed me a universal truth that books were friends，always pushing us to move on.解析：考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，强调时间状语“ten years ago”。故填that。therethat4Present at the party last night _(be)Mr Green and many other guests.解
25、析：考查倒装。分析句子结构可知，此处为表语提前的倒装结构，主语为Mr Green and many other guests，由时间状语last night可知，此处应用were。故填were。5What did she want to know，Tom?She wondered when it was _ we could complete the experiment.解析：考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，答句中wondered后的宾语从句为强调句型的特殊疑问句式的陈述语序，强调特殊疑问词when。故填that。werethat6Some of you may have finished
26、the text._ so，you can go on to the next.解析：考查省略。此处为if条件句的省略，if so如果这样的话。故填if。7(2021天津杨村一中一模)When _(compare)different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.Ifcomparing解析：考查省略。句意：当比较不同的文化的时候，我们通常总注意到它们之间的区别而没有注意到它们之间的相似之处。当从句省略主语的时候，暗指的主语必须和主句的主语一致，
27、“When”后没有主语，所以它暗指的主语必须是后面主句的主语，就是“we”，也就是说从句里的compare的主语是we，表示“我们在比较”，compare与句子we构成主动关系，使用动中的现在分词，且与主句主语pay attention to同时发生，用一般式。故填comparing。8(2021天津市红桥区期中模拟)The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.解析：考查感叹句。句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合语境可知，此处what引导的宾语从句是由一个感叹句转换来的，wha
28、t后接名词或者名词短语。故填what。what9(2022天津市六校期末模拟)This discovery helped researchers conclude that these two drugs，when _(take)together，could lead to heart disease.解析：考查非谓语动词和省略。句意：这一发现帮助研究人员得出结论，当这两种药物同时服用时，可能会导致心脏病。分析句子结构可知，空处省略主语the two drags，此处表示药被服用，所以空处需用一般现在时的被动语态：are taken，此处when引导的时间状语从句，主语与宾语从句主句一致，且含
29、有be动词，所以此处be动词和主语被省略。故填taken。taken10(2021天津一中二模)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century _his musical gift was fully recognized.解析：考查强调句型。句意：巴赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪初期他的音乐天赋才被承认。强调句型与not until连用，It be not until that.。故填that。that层级二 高考真题练单句语法填空1(2017天津)It was when I got back to my apart
30、ment _ I first came across my new neighbors.解析：考查强调句型。此处为强调句型：its.that.，被强调的是句中的时间状语从句。故填that。that2(2017江苏)_(be)it not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.解析：考查省略。该句是省略if的虚拟条件句，省略if后需要将were提前构成倒装。故填were。3(2016上海)But like so many other things，it is only too m
31、uch stress _ does you harm.解析：考查强调句型。将it is与空处去掉后，too much stress does you harm句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是主语too much stress，故空格处应填that。故填that。Werethat4(2015天津)Only when Lily walked into the office _ she realize that she had left the contract at home.解析：考查倒装和动词的时态。句意：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“only状语
32、从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语“when Lily walked into the office”可知，要用一般过去时。故填did。did5(2015湖北)Into the complete silence of the waiting class _(come)the teachers sweet voice，“Good morning，children.”解析：考查倒装。本句为表示方位的介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装结构。故填came。came层级三 语篇提能练语法填空特殊句式篇It was at midnight 1_ Lucy woke up.2_ hungr
33、y was she that she realized that she did have to get up to get something to eat.She went to the kitchen.There was a cabbage，some hams and some eggs in the fridge.No sooner 3_ she taken out what she needed than she realized she had no idea how to deal with the food.In fact，seldom had she cooked for h
34、erself before.thatSohad“4_ I learned cooking from my mother，I would have become a good cook.”she sighed and continued her job.However，hardly had she tried to turn on one of the two taps above the sink 5_ she noticed it didnt work.Neither could another tap.Only with the help of the spanner 6_ water c
35、ome out of the tap at last.But it was unlucky for her to cut her finger while 7_(cut)hams.Out ran Lucye at once.With a bandage 8_(wrap)her wounded finger she finished cooking a delicious meal at last.HadwhendidcuttingwrappingFrom the kitchen 9_(come)a good smell.Being at table，she got down to enjoyi
36、ng her food.Unfortunately，not until she tasted her food 10_ she find she forgot to add some salt to it.“Must I fall asleep while being hungry？”said Lucy.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Lucy半夜醒来自己做饭吃的不愉快的经历。camedid解析：1考查强调句型。所填词与句首的It was构成“It was.that.”的强调句，强调的是时间状语at midnight。故填that。2考查so.that.结构。so.that.句中soad
37、j./adv.位于句首时，主句需用倒装，that从句的语序用正常语序。故填so。3考查倒装和动词的时态。no sooner.than.中，当 no sooner提前至句首时，其后用部分倒装。而且含no sooner的主句用过去完成时，than后从句用一般过去时。故填had。4考查省略。虚拟条件句省略if时，需将were，had或 should提前，构成部分倒装。此Had I learned.If I had learned.。故填had。5考查特殊句型。Hardly/Scarely.when.；No sooner.than.结构都表示“一就”。故填when。6考查倒装。当only状语(副词、介
38、词短语或状语从句)放在句首时，要用部分倒装。此时态应用一般过去时。故填did。7考查省略。当时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且含有be动词时，可省略从句主语和be动词，构成状语从句的省略结构。故填cutting。8考查with复合结构。wrap与bandage 之间是主动关系。故填wrapping。9考查倒装。当句首是充当地点状语的介词短语，且谓语是be，stand，sit，lie等时，句子常用完全倒装。再由全文可知，用一般过去时。故填came。10考查倒装。not until引导的状语从句放句首时，状语从句用正常语序主句需要用部分倒装。再由语境可知，要用一般过去时。故填did。
