1、必修一 Unit 4一 轮 复 习长难句理解There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.定语从句井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。长难句理解At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it.现在分词做后置定语至少有一口水井的裂缝冒出臭气。现在分词短语作后置定语被修饰的名词与作定语的动词为主动关系，表示该动作正在进行或与主句动作同时发生，或是经常发生的行为时，用现在分词做定语。例如：The girl standing there is my sister.The people wa
2、iting for the bus are talking with each other.注意：分词短语作后置定语时可以改写成定语从句。The girl who is standing there is my sisterThe people who are waiting for the bus are talking with each other.一、表主动且进行现在分词短语作后置定语（一）表示心理或情感的动词表示心理的动词有：Think,know,understand,forget,remember,believe,want,wish,desire,hope,need,mean,pl
3、ease,need,prefer,mind,agree,care等。表示情感的动词有：love(爱)，adore(崇敬)，like(喜欢)，prefer(宁愿)，mind(介意)，object(反对)，dislike(不喜欢)，hate(恨)，abhor(憎恶)，detest(痛恨)等。二、仅表主动现在分词短语作后置定语（二）表示事物状态(存在、似乎是、适合、依赖、值得、拥有等）表示事物存在、适合，依赖或值得的动词，如be,seem,appear,suit,fit,lie in,belong to,depend,deserve表示事物拥有的动词，如have(具有)，possess(所有)，ow
4、n(拥有)，hold(包含；装有)，contain(容纳；含有),consist of,include,lack,measure(=have length etc.)weigh(=have weight)。二、仅表主动现在分词短语作后置定语（三）表示短暂性动作的词常见的短暂性动词有：accept,arrive,finish,decide,end,fall,give,receive,refuse,hurt。它们的发生与结束几近同时，所以不适合用“现在进行时”。误：When he came in,I was receiving his letter.正：When he came in,I just
5、 received his letter.二、仅表主动现在分词短语作后置定语（四）感官动词人通常有五种感官，即see(视觉)，hear(听觉)，smell(嗅觉)，taste(味觉),feel(触觉)这些表示感官、感觉的动词，以及其近义词如notice,observe等不用于进行时态。误：The medicine is tasting bitter.正：The medicine tastes bitter.误：I was seeing a car passing by our house.正：I saw a car passing by our house.二、仅表主动长难句理解 Mice r
6、an out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water.现在分词做伴随状语老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所，鱼儿也跳出水面。and 连接并列句现在分词作伴随状语理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。英语中“动词+ing”形式作伴随状语时，它表示的是一个次要的动作，来对谓语表示的动作加以说明或作为陪衬。一般将其置于句后,可用逗号与主句成分分开。理解技巧：现
7、在分词作伴随状语The boy sat in front of the farmhouse,cutting the branch.All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.The six blind men stood there begging for a meal.He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.He sat in the chair reading
8、 a newspaper.Dont you sit there doing nothing.长难句理解At about 3：00 a.m.,on 28 July 1976，bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.无灵主语1976年7月28日凌晨3:00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传来巨大的声响。and 连接并列句无灵主语（一）概念无灵主语（inanimate subject），又叫做物称主语，指的是使用没有生命的事物充当句子的主语成分，例
9、如物品、动作、情感、时间、地点等，这与中文表达中习惯“以人为本”的特点，即常常会把人这个行为主体作为句子主语的情况大相径庭，体现了英语语言所强调的客体思维。无灵主语二、无灵主语的种类（一）主语是情感状态的抽象名词谓语选择如：creep,strike,seize,dawn,catch,worm into,grip,enter,register,overcome,take possession of,surround,give way to,desert,pass,tear 等词。1.Fear gripped the village.整个村庄笼罩在恐怖之中。2.Courage deserted h
10、im.他没有了勇气。3.His presence of mind deserted him.他失去了沉着。4.The earthquake struck the village two minutes ago.无灵主语二、无灵主语的种类（二）主语是具有动词意味的名词，谓语选择如 fill,give,make 等词汇。1.The sight of the desolation filled me with forlornness.看到这孤寂的景象，我心中满是凄凉。2.The sight of his father-in-law made Fanjin afraid that he was in
11、for another cursing.见丈人在眼前，恐怕又要挨骂。3.Only the thought of his mother gave him the strength to go on doing it.只有想到母亲，他才有力量继续工作。无灵主语二、无灵主语的种类（三）谓语动词如：slip,lend,elude,escape,stump 等词汇1.His name escaped/evaded/failed me at the moment.当时我没有记起他的名字。2.The question eludes/stumps me.这个问题把我难住了。3.The mistake slip
12、s my attention.我没有注意到这一错误。4.His hint escaped me.我没有注意到他的暗示。5.The sentence eludes me.我理解不了这个句子。无灵主语二、无灵主语的种类（四）谓语动词如：deny,ask,admit,allow,fail,pass 等词1.The scenery baffles/denies description.风景美得难以描述。2.Such a chance denied me.我没有得到这样一个机会。3.The matter asks immediate attention.这件事需要立即处理。4.The exigencie
13、s of the matter admitted no alternative.此事紧急，别无他法。5.Reproach spared him not,even in his grave.即便是在他死后，人们也一直在谴责他。6.Time fails me to finish the topic.长难句理解It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!暗喻的修辞手法仿佛世界末日即将来临！as if1、在look,seem等系动词后引导表语从句eg:He looks as if he were ten years younger.（虚拟语气）It
14、seems as if our team is going to win.（陈述语气）2、引导方式状语从句eg:She loves the boy as if she were his mother.（虚拟语气）The child talked to us as if he were a grow-up.（虚拟语气）（注意：虚拟语气中只有were，不用was。）一、as if 在从句中的作用as if如果as if引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，且从句的主语与主句的主语一致，可以省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。eg:He acts a
15、s if(he was)an old hand.他做事像个老手。Tom raised his hands as if(he was going)to say something.Tom举起手好像要说什么。She left the room hurriedly as if(she was)sad.她匆忙离开房间好像难过的样子。二、as if 用于省略句中as if1、as if 从句用于陈述语气 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。eg:It looks as if well be late.This meat tastes as if it has already go
16、ne bad.It sounds as if it is raining.He talks as if he is drunk.三、as if 从句的语气及时态as if2、as if 从句用于虚拟语气当说话人认为句子所述的不真实或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：（1）如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式。eg:You look as if you didnt like this villa.你看起来好像不喜欢这个别墅似的。He talks as if he knew everything around the world.他说话的样子，好像他什么都知
17、道似的。三、as if 从句的语气及时态as if2、as if 从句用于虚拟语气当说话人认为句子所述的不真实或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：（2）如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。eg:He talks about France as if he had been there before.The girl listened to me as if she had been turned to stone.那个女孩倾听着，一动也不动，好像已经变成了石头似的。三、as if 从句的语气及时态as if2、as if 从句用于虚拟语气当说话人认为句子所述的不真实或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：（3）如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。eg:He opened his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。It looks as ifit might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。三、as if 从句的语气及时态
