1、1butcher n肉贩；屠夫；刽子手butchery n屠场；大屠杀2dive vi.&n.潜水；跳水；俯冲diver n潜水员3biology n生理；生物学biological adj.生物学的；生物的4prison n监狱；监禁prisoner n囚犯1joint n公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所)；关节 adj.联合的；共同的She fell and put her knee out of joint. n关节We wrote a letter in joint names.adj.联合的They were joint owners of the house.adj.共同的2
2、premier adj.最著名的；第一的；首要的n.总理；首相The premier occupies the foremost place in the world of politics.n.首相；总理Ritz Carlton is one of the worlds premier hotel chains.adj.最著名的The company has achieved a premier position in the electronics field.adj.第一的；首要的Words and Phrasesfoundation n创建；基础；地基教材原句P14The founda
3、tion of Australia澳大利亚的建立例1The foundations of the building settled.这房屋的地基下陷了。例2 The foundation of democracy is the will of the people to preserve liberty.民主的基础在于人民维护自由的意志。知识拓展(1)lay the foundation for给打下基础；为奠定基础without foundation 无根据的(2)found vt. 创办；成立；建立即学即练单句语法填空Your breakfast choices lay the found
4、ation for your entire day and your longterm health.The universities concern is not without foundation.What is the foundation(found) of their good relationships?小片段填空At the foundation of well founded belief lies belief that is not founded(found) political adj.政治的教材原句P14Political divisions行政区划例1The st
5、udents in this university are very political.这所大学里的学生对政治很感兴趣。例2 This whole issue has become highly political.这整个的问题已经变得高度政治化了。知识拓展(1)for political reasons由于政治原因political science 政治学(2)politics n. 政治；政治活动即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子But this looks unlikely to happen soon，for political reasons.I graduated first in
6、my class in political(politics) science. What I want to talk about now is political questions我现在要说的是政治问题。located adj.处于，位于；坐落的教材原句P14Located to the south of the equator，below many other countries on the globe，its often informally referred to as “down under”位于赤道以南，并在地球上很多国家的下方，它常被非正式地称为“down under”。例
7、1Geographically，that country is located in the Southern Hemisphere.从地理上说，那个国家位于南半球。例2The company located its branch office in the suburbs.这家公司在郊区设立了办事处。知识拓展(1)be located in/on/at位于；坐落于 (2)locate vt. 找出的位置；把设置(在)；使坐落(于)locate in sth. 在定居即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子One of the worlds largest art galleries，the Louvr
8、e，is located(locate) in Paris.Located(locate) at the west end of Singapore，the park has a lot of room for visitors to walk around.Mark Twain was four years old when his family moved to Hannibal，Missouri，located on the west bank of the Mississippi.马克吐温四岁时，全家搬到了位于密西西比河西岸的密苏里州的汉尼拔。教材原句P14Bakeries，fastf
9、ood joints，butcher shops，cafes，and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world. 随处可见的面包店、快餐连锁店、肉店、咖啡馆和餐馆提供世界顶级的美食体验。(1)joint n公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所)；关节adj.联合的；共同的例1Are you sure this joint is completely tight?你能肯定这个连接处很牢固吗？例2 She and Frank had never got around to op
10、ening a joint account.她和弗兰克还没有抽出时间去开联名账户。知识拓展(1)out of joint(关节)脱位；脱臼；杂乱无章；混乱；迷惑out of joint with 与不相称a joint effort 共同的努力(2)join vt.& vi. 连接；联结；加入join sb.in (doing) sth. 加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The children joined in the English Evening and had a good time.I had a bad fall，which put my shoul
11、der out of joint.Let us make a joint (join) effort for the noble cause of advancing peace and human progress!They found themselves a little bit out of joint with us他们发觉同我们在一起有点不自在。小片段填空He will be joined by Fang Fenglei，the chairman of the joint venture，Goldman Sachs Gaohua Securities Co.(join) (2)pr
12、emier adj.最著名的；第一的；首要的n.首相；总理例1She attends Britains premier university.她就读于英国最好的大学。例2This particular name originated with an emperor and a premier.这个特殊名字的来历与一位皇帝和一位丞相有关。知识拓展take the premier place占第一位，占首席Chinese premier 中国总理be of premier importance to对非常重要即学即练完成句子His work on the causes of diseases is
13、 of premier importance to the whole world.他对病因的研究对整个世界来说非常重要。Safety takes the premier place during the manufacturing.安全在生产过程中占第一位。 be native to原产于；源于的教材原句P14Were here to learn about the life and customs of the Aborigines，who are native to Australia.我们此行的目的是了解土著人的生活和习俗，他们是澳大利亚的原住民。例They are not nativ
14、e to the Netherlands，or even Europe.他们不是荷兰人，甚至连欧洲人都算不上。知识拓展native adj.本国的；本地的n. 本地人；本国人nativeborn adj. 土著的；土生土长的ones native country/land/language 某人的祖国/故乡/母语be a native of. 出生于某地的人；原产于某地的动物或植物即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The kangaroo is a native of Australia.The researcher says the tiger is native to India.Is her
15、 uncle a native of Shanghai，or just a visitor?她叔叔是上海本地人，还是只是一名游客？hollow adj.中空的；空心的教材原句P15The didgeridoo is made from a tree branch which is hollow.迪吉里杜管是由一根中空的树枝制成的。例I dont like to hear his hollow words.我不喜欢听他那些空洞的话。知识拓展hollow words空洞的言语hollow laugh 虚伪的笑hollow promises 虚伪的允诺即学即练完成句子Better than a th
16、ousand hollow words is one word that brings peace.一个能够带来平静的词语也比一千个空洞的词语更好。Murray Picks hollow laugh had no happiness in it.默里皮克的干笑里没有一点快乐。Will their good intentions become realities or hollow promises? 他们的好意会变为现实呢还是成为虚伪的允诺？ vibrate vt.&vi.(使)振动教材原句P15To play the didgeridoo，you put your mouth on one
17、end and blew while vibrating your lips.吹奏迪吉里杜管时，你要把嘴巴靠在一端，一边吹气，一边振动嘴唇。例1 The sea began to vibrate with waves that spread out in a circle.大海开始振动，波浪一圈一圈地向外发散。例2The air in the desert seemed to vibrate in the midday heat.沙漠里的空气在正午时刻被热气熏蒸得颤动起来。知识拓展vibrate with因而激动vibrate in the breeze 在微风中抖动即学即练完成句子The l
18、eaves were vibrating in the breeze树叶在微风中抖动。She seems to vibrate with enthusiasm.她似乎浑身热情奔腾。straightforward adj.坦率的；简单的教材原句P15They have a straightforward and freeandeasy attitude towards life，and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went.他们对待生活的态度简单直率、随性洒脱，他们的友善和热情让我无论走到哪里都有宾至
19、如归的感觉。例1She gave me a straightforward answer.她坦率地回答了我。例2Getting funding for the project was far from straightforward.为这一项目寻找资金绝非易事。知识拓展a straightforward person坦率的人a straightforward explanation 率直的解释be straightforward with sb.about sth. 关于对某人坦率即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He was quite straightforward with us about
20、 the difficulties involved.Would someone be able to give a straightforward explanation?In order to be understood，youd better write it in straightforward language为了让人能明白你的意思，你最好用浅显易懂的文字写。Sentence Patterns过去分词短语作状语教材原句P14Located to the south of the equator，below many other countries on the globe，its o
21、ften informally referred to as “down under”位于赤道以南，并在地球上很多国家的下方，它常被非正式地称为“down under”。句式分析：句中Located to the south of the equator在句中作原因状语。例1Lost in thought，she nearly ran into a tree.陷入沉思，她差点撞到树上。例2Left at home，John didnt feel afraid at all.被留在家里，约翰一点也不觉得害怕。知识拓展过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词通常与
22、句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Given(give) a lot of money，he lived a better life.Used(use) with care，one tin will last for six weeks.The teacher came in，followed by a group of students老师进来了，后面跟着一群学生。Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.这些书一个多星期以前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。
23、cant wait to do sth.迫不及待地想做某事教材原句P14I cant wait to see all of them!我迫不及待想见到所有这一切！句式分析：句中cant wait to do sth.表示“迫不及待地想做某事”。例1I cant wait to get out of these wet clothes.我迫不及待地要脱下这些湿衣服。例2 We can hardly wait to see them!我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！知识拓展can hardly wait to do sth./can hardly wait for sth./cannot wait t
24、o do sth./cannot wait for sth.迫不及待地想做某事即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I can hardly wait to see (see) that movie.I can hardly wait for your answer. I cant wait to meet my old classmates我急切地想见到我的老同学们。wherever引导让步状语从句教材原句P15They have a straightforward and freeandeasy attitude towards life，and their friendliness and wa
25、rmth made me feel at home wherever I went他们对待生活的态度简单直率、随性洒脱，他们的友善和热情让我无论走到哪里都有宾至如归的感觉。句式分析：句中wherever I went为wherever引导的让步状语从句。例1Wherever the film star goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her.这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。例2Wherever it is possible，the illustrations are taken from literature.只要有可能，
26、例证都取自文学作品。知识拓展(1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。即学即练完成句子However late he goes home，his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.不管他多晚回家，母亲总会等他回来一起吃饭。You can com
27、e whenever you want and have whatever you like您什么时候想来就来，想吃什么就吃什么。Whatever decision he made，I would support it.无论他做出什么决定，我都支持。Whoever has interest in it can apply for membership.无论谁对它感兴趣都可以申请成为会员。1教材原句P14However，as I major in social studies，Im more interested in meeting people in Australia and experi
28、encing their culture，food，and way of life.分析句中as I major in social studies 为as引导的原因状语从句，主句中第一个and连接两个动名词短语，作介词in的宾语，第二个and连接三个并列宾语。 译文不过，因为我主修社会科学，所以我对结识澳大利亚人并体验他们的文化、饮食和生活方式更感兴趣。 2教材原句P14Since I arrived，my friend has brought me to my first openair barbecue and has also shared many different but yum
29、my meals with me，so my first impressions of Australia have been all about food!分析句中Since I arrived 为since引导的时间状语从句，so连接表示因果关系的并列句。 译文自我来这儿之后，朋友就带着我去吃了这辈子第一次的露天烧烤，还和我分享了许多风格各异的美味佳肴，所以我对澳大利亚的第一印象就是美食！教材高考3.They have a straightforward and freeandeasy attitude towards life，and their friendliness and war
30、mth made me feel at home wherever I went. (2019全国卷)The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive，plasticlike parts.(2019北京卷)Whatever stage of life youre at，wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA，youll create posi
31、tive changes in a poor and remote community(社区).单句语法填空1The house is unsafe since the foundation (found)was undermined by floods.2It was time now to show more political(politics) realism.3The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the earth.4The baker (bake) frosted the cake with a mixture
32、 of sugar and whites of eggs.5There are many infamous murderers in history，known as true butchers (butcher)6Acid rain is not straightforwardly(straightforward) attributable to the burning of coal.7Herbs(herb) have been used for centuries to make refreshing drinks.短语填空without foundation；for political
33、 reasons；out of joint；be straightforward with；be of premier importance to1There was something out of joint in the situation.Something was strange.2In fact the rumor is without foundation3Children education is of premier importance to a mans growth.4I want to be straightforward with you.5Henry was fo
34、rced to leave his motherland for political reasons.课文语法填空I arrived in Australia on 1st October to visit my friend there.Australia，1.located(locate) to the south of the equator，is often informally referred to 2.as “down under”My first impressions of Australia have been all about food！3.Bakeries(baker
35、y)，fastfood joints，butcher shops，cafes，and restaurants everywhere provide some of 4.the premier food experiences in the world.I learned to play the local instrumentdidgeridoo.I put my mouth on one end and blew while 5.vibrating(vibrate) my lips but failed.A skilled player can play for a long time by
36、 6.continually(continual) breathing in through his nose while breathing out through his mouth and into the didgeridoo.After 7.experiencing(experience) Australia，personally speaking，8.what I like most about Australia is the people 9. themselves(they)Their friendliness and 10. warmth(warm) made me feel at home wherever I went.11
