1、Section Discovering Useful Structures单元语法精析 现在完成时的被动语态语法点拨一、现在完成时的被动语态的形式现在完成时的被动语态的基本构成是：have/has been done。但在不同的句式中，其具体形式也有所不同。1肯定句形式主语have/hasbeendone其他。The bridge over the Yellow River has just been completed.黄河上的桥刚刚建成。The chicken has been stewed for two hours.鸡已经炖了两个小时了。2否定句形式主语have/hasnotbeend
2、one其他。They havent been told the exciting news yet, have they?还没有告诉他们这个令人激动的消息，对吗？The secondhand car has not been sold.这辆二手汽车还没有卖出去。3一般疑问形式Have/Has主语been done其他？Has her work been finished?她的工作完成了吗？Yes, it has.是的，完成了。4特殊疑问形式疑问词have/has主语been done其他？How long has the machine been used?这台机器使用多久啦？即学即练变换句子
3、The children have already been told the good news.将原句变为否定句。_The children havent been told the good news yet._将原句变为一般疑问句。_Have the children been told the good news yet？_对原句中的the children进行提问。_Who has been told the good news yet？_完成句子Im sorry, but the letters _havent been typed_ yet.很抱歉，但是这些信件还没有被打印出来
4、。The plan _has been discussed_ for nearly two hours.这项计划已被讨论了近两个小时了。She _hasnt been mentioned_ since then.从那时候起，她就没被提起。二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法1现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去一个被动的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。The room has already been cleaned.房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已不用打扫房间了)The doctor hasnt been sen
5、t for yet.还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)2表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since 等引导的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于how long 引导的句子中。The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)How long has the project been carried out?这项工程已实施多长时间了？(可能还会继续实施)3用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。You
6、shouldnt leave school before your homework has been finished.在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。思维拓展常与现在完成时连用的时间状语already已经yet已经recently/lately最近since then从那时起ever since自那以来ever曾经so far迄今为止for a long time很长一段时间by now到现在为止in recent years在最近几年里in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里即学即练用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子Jacks boss has
7、 always praised him for his devotion to work.Jack _has always been praised_ by his boss for his devotion to work.They have found a good place to build a temple in the village.A good place _has been found_ to build a temple in the village.We havent decided how to solve that difficult technological pr
8、oblem yet.How to solve that difficult technological problem _hasnt been decided_ yet.完成句子I will go home when my homework _has been finished_.当我的家庭作业完成时我就回家。Paper money _has been used for over one thousand years_.纸币已被使用1 000多年了。三、现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项1现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have/has 和 been，两者缺一不可。2现在完成时的被动语态与一般
9、过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响(或产生了结果)。The big fire was put out two hours ago.大火两小时前被扑灭了。The big fire has been put out.大火已经被扑灭了。3finish, buy, start, begin, post, return, borrow, join, open 等非持续性动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。这个工程开始多久了？【误
10、】How long has this project been started?【正】How long ago was this project started?4动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持其完整性，不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。It is said that the problem has been looked into.据说已经调查了这个问题。即学即练完成句子The library _has been built_.这座图书馆已经建好了。The library _was built_ last year.这座图书馆是去年建成的。The injured bird _
11、has been looked after_ since it was saved.那只受伤的小鸟被救后一直被照看着。判断下列句子的正误(T/F)The work has been finished for two days.(F)This book has not been borrowed since last week.(T)专项练习.单句语法填空1In the last few years thousands of films _have been produced_(produce) all over the world.2Shakespeares play Hamlet _has
12、been made_(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.3So far about five thousand trees _have been planted_(plant) around our village.4The diamond mine _was discovered_(discover) accidentally by a little boy when he was playing hideandseek.5Great changes _have taken_(take) place in
13、the past 10 years.6Although both sides have been making efforts, no conclusion _has been drawn_(draw) up to now.7That book _has been translated_(translate) into at least 20 foreign languages in the last 10 years.8Its the first time that the old computer _has been checked_(check) since I bought it.9D
14、o you know anyone that _has been put_(put) into space rockets and _sent_(send) to explore the Moon and Mars since last century?10We are glad to be told that Li Tao _has been admitted_(admit) to Fudan University for his top score in the Maths Contest.根据汉语提示完成句子1How many workers _have been sent_(已派遣)
15、to build the railway?2Why does Mary look so unhappy?Because she _has been laughed at_(被嘲笑) by her classmates.3It is said that the house _has been broken into_(闯进了) by two thieves.4The two pens _have not been taken away_(未被拿走) by him.5Where has the television _been repaired_(被修理了)?6The price of a col
16、or TV set _has been brought down_(降价了) again.7What _has been translated_(已被译成) into many foreign languages?8The buildings _have been destroyed_(已经被毁) in the earthquake.9The problem _has not been solved_(尚未被解决) by us yet.10The computers _have been given away_(已被赠送) to a local school by the company.语法
17、主题应用李明和林涛在新学期第一天见面，他们在谈论那个城市地震一年后的情况。请根据语境，用相应的时态完成下面对话。Li Ming：Hi，Li Tao. How nice to see you on the first day of the new term!Lin Tao：Yes. Nice to see you again.Li Ming：I know that your parents 1_have been working_(work) in that city for about a year. Can you tell me something about it after the e
18、arthquake?Lin Tao：Of course. Since the earthquake 2_happened_(happen), many soldiers 3_have been sent_(send) there, and many kinds of supplies(物资供应) 4_have been carried_(carry) there from all over the country. Now, most people there 5_live/are living_(live) a happy life again.Li Ming：How about the s
19、chools there?Lin Tao：Several new schools 6_have been set up_(set up) and also some schools which 7_were damaged_(damage) in the earthquake 8_have been rebuilt_(rebuild). So all the students can go back to school to study now.Li Ming：Thats wonderful. Im sure their life will be better and better. When will your parents come back?Lin Tao：They will be back next month.5
