1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家Section Listening and Talking，Reading for Writing.重点单词1transport n交通运输系统vt.运输；运送transportation n运输；客运；运输工具2hike vi.徒步旅行vt.去远足n远足；徒步旅行3soldier n士兵；军人4economy n经济；节约economic adj.经济(上)的；经济学的economical adj.经济的；节约的；实惠的5credit n借款；信用；称赞；学分6detail n细节；详情；细微之处7request n(正式或礼貌的)要求；请求vt.(正式或礼貌
2、地)要求；请求8view n视野；景色；看法9sight n景象；视野；视力10statue n雕塑；雕像11tomb n坟墓12comment n议论；评论vi.&vt.发表意见；评论.重点短语1make up构成；形成2credit card信用卡3check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记4check out结账离开(旅馆等)5plan to do sth.计划做某事6cant wait to_do迫不及待做7in modern times在现代8look forward to盼望；期待9be known as作为而闻名10hear from sb.收到某人的来信11more than多于
3、；超过12according to根据13so far迄今为止14be different from与不同.重点句型1Ive heard that it is an amazing sight，and I cant _wait_ to go.我听说这是一个惊人的景象，我迫不及待地要去看。2Its amazing that there are more than 8,000 statues，and no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s.令人惊奇的是，这里有8 000多座雕像，而在现代，直到20世纪70年代才有人知道它们。3W
4、ere taking the train，leaving the day before the October holiday begins.我们将在十月假期开始的前一天乘火车离开。4Each statue has a different face，leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier.每个雕像都有不同的脸，这使得研究人员相信每一个雕像都是真实士兵的复制品。5The statues fill only one part of the emperors huge tomb，which st
5、ill has not been completely unearthed.这些雕像只填满了秦始皇巨大陵墓的一部分，这个陵墓至今尚未完全出土。6However，no one in modern times knew about the tomb or the terracotta statues until 1974，when some farmers discovered the tomb while they were digging a well.然而，直到1974年，一些农民在挖井时发现了这座陵墓，现代才有人知道这座古墓和兵马俑。1 典型例句The goods were damaged
6、 during transport.货物在运输期间受损。That yellow bus transports passengers from the airport to the city.那辆黄色公共汽车将乘客从机场运送至市区。思维拓展transportation n. 交通运输系统transporter n. 运输者；大型装载运输车即学即练Transporting (transport) goods by rail reduces pollution.2 典型例句The details of the plan are still being worked out.计划的细节仍在制订中。We
7、 carefully watched every detail of his action.我们仔细观察了他的动作的每个细节。He took the machine apart to show every detail of its operation.他把机器拆开，让大家看操作的每个细节。思维拓展in detail详细地in details在各个方面/细节He thought it out in detail.他想得很细致。即学即练Lets sit down and talk it over in detail.3 典型例句She left her address with a reques
8、t that any mail (should)be sent to her.她留下地址并要求任何邮件都应发给她。She requested that we let her in.她要求我们让她进来。思维拓展(1)request sth. of/from sb.向某人请求某物request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事request that sb. (should) do sth.请求Its requested that. 据要求(2)at ones requestat the request of sb.应某人之请求be in request有需要，受欢迎make a req
9、uest for sth.请求/要求(3)request后面接从句时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即用should动词原形，其中should可以省略。即学即练At the party the foreign teacher was_requested (request) to sing some songs.4 典型例句In my view it was a waste of time.依我看，这是浪费时间。思维拓展come into view 映入眼帘in view of 鉴于in ones view 依某人看view.as.把看作易混辨析view, sight, scene, scenery
10、view指从某一位置(如窗口、山顶等)所看到的风景、景色。sight“视觉；情景；风景”，表示“情景”时，指一事一物的情景，如火烧房屋的情景，还可指“名胜；风景；景观”，常用复数形式，指人文景观。scene“景色；景象；场面”，指展现于眼前的景色，不限于自然风景。为可数名词。scenery“风景；景色”，为集合名词，不是指个别的风景，而是由多个景象(scene)构成的总的自然景色或风景。There is a good view from the ridge.岭上的风景很美。He offered to show me the sights.他主动提出带我观光。Their parting was
11、a sad scene.他们分离的场面很凄凉。The region is wellknown for its scenery.这个地区以其风景而闻名。即学即练Firstgeneration Americans view the United States as a land of golden opportunity.5 典型例句I am going to show you the sights of our wonderful city.我会带你浏览我们这座美丽城市的风景名胜。A bicycle came into sight on the main road.主路上出现了一辆自行车。She
12、 never lets her daughter out of her sight (She always keeps her daughter where she can see her)她从来不让女儿走出她的视线。思维拓展lose sight of看不见at the sight of. 在看到时catch sight of. 望见，看到in/within sight在视线内，可以被看见in sight of. 可以看见out of sight看不见了，不被人看见lose ones sight丧失视力，失明come into sight/view映入眼帘即学即练I lost sight of
13、 him in the crowd.6 典型例句Have you any comments to make about the cause of the disaster?你对发生灾难的原因作何评论？People were always commenting on his size.人们总是评论他的身材。思维拓展make comments about/on对加以评论comment on对发表评论即学即练He made a comment about/on this novel.考点集训一单句语法填空1You can leave out the details (detail); just gi
14、ve us the main facts.2Visitors are requested not to_touch (touch)the paintings.3She let out a cry at the sight of the snake.4When we got to the beach, there wasnt a person in sight.5And above all, remember to send us your comments (comment)1 典型例句We still need 10 thousand dollars to make up the sum r
15、equired.我们还需要一万美元才能达到我们需要的数目。The committee is made up of six women.委员会由六位妇女组成。This made up 15% of their total income.这是他们总收入的百分之十五。思维拓展make up弥补；编造；化妆be made up of由构成consist of由构成make up for弥补，补偿即学即练Every time he is late, he makes up some excuses to his teacher.2 典型例句I dont know when I can check in.
16、 我不知道何时能去登记。Ill ring the hotel. Ill tell them well check in tomorrow.我来给旅馆打电话，通知他们我们明天入住。Id like to check him out of here the day after tomorrow.我想后天帮他办理手续，结账离开这里。In this unit: you will learn how to order the food and check out.单元简介：你会学习怎么点菜和结账离开。思维拓展check in报到check out核实即学即练Passengers with hand lug
17、gage can go straight to the departure gate(登机口) to check in there.3 典型例句He has been looking forward to going to England for a long time.好久以来他一直盼望去英国。I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.我盼望着不久后收到你的信。Well, we shall look forward to seeing him tomorrow.嗯，我们期待着明天与他会面。思维拓展这里的to是介词，后面接名词，
18、或者动词的ing形式，to为介词的短语还有：pay attention to注意devote.to. 致力于prefer.to. 比起更喜欢stick to坚持get down to开始干某事即学即练I look forward to receiving (receive) the information and meeting you in person.4 典型例句Liu Huan is known as a singer.刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。Were sure youll be wellknown as an artist.我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。思维拓展(1)be know
19、n as，其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。(2)be known for 意为“因而著名”，其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如：Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。Mr Geldof is wellknown for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。(3)be known to “为所了解/知道”，其后接表示人的词语；“(人们都)知道”，其后接动词原形。如：He is
20、 known to all in our village.村子里的人都知道他。He was known to have invented many things.It was known that he had invented many things.人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。即学即练Mo Yan is known to the literature(文学) circle.考点集训二单句语法填空1She never goes out without making herself up first.2We ought to check him out on the computer.3W
21、e look forward to sharing this new experience with you.4Obama is known as the first black president of the USA.5Shakespeare(莎士比亚) is known for his dramas.1 Ive heard that it is an amazing sight，and I cant wait to go.我听说这是一个惊人的景象，我迫不及待地要去看。cant wait to do sth.相当于can hardly wait for sth./to do sth.，表示
22、“迫不及待要做某事”。We cant wait to get started.我们迫不及待地想开始。As for me，I cant wait to get back on the court to continue doing what I love to do.对于我来说，我迫不及待地想回到球场继续着我所热爱的运动。What did your parents buy you for your birthday?你父母给你买了什么生日礼物呢？I dont know.I can hardly wait to see it.我不知道。我迫不及待地想看一看。即学即练He cant wait to_
23、put (put) on his new shoes.2 Its amazing that there are more than 8，000 statues，and no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s.令人惊奇的是，这里有8 000多座雕像，而在现代，直到20世纪70年代才有人知道它们。(1)Its amazing that there are more than 8,000 statues是一个主语从句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that there are more than 8,000 statues。(2)该
24、句属于“Itbeadj.that/wh.”句型，其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是 that/wh引导的从句。It is certain that William will do very well in his exam.威廉肯定会考得很好。思维拓展it 作形式主语的其他常见句型：It always seems that we lack money.我们似乎总是缺钱。It is a pity that you missed the football match!你错过了这场足球赛，太遗憾了！Its useless taking this kind of medicine.吃这种药没有用。I
25、t is reported that 16 people were saved from the sea.据报道，有16个人从海上被救起。Its necessary for the young to master two foreign languages.对年轻人来说，掌握两门外语很有必要。(3)句中 until为介词，意为“直到”。until 还可作连词，引导时间状语从句。until 的具体用法：作介词的用法：I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜。I didnt go to bed until 11 pm last night.昨晚，直到11点我才去睡觉。作连词的用
26、法：Wait until I call you.在我给你打电话之前你要一直等着。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽车停了再下车。强调 until 构成的时间状语(从句)的用法：a将 not until 置于句首：此时句子/主句部分倒装，not 为句子/主句中的否定副词。如：Not until he came back did we go.直到他回来我们才走。bnot until 强调句式：“It is/was not until.that.”，其中 not 为句子/主句中的否定副词。如：It was not until he came b
27、ack that we went.直到他回来我们才走。即学即练(1)It happened that he was spending his holiday on the beach.(2)He wont go to bed until she returns.3 Were taking the train，leaving the day before the October holiday begins.我们将在十月假期开始的前一天乘火车离开。(1)本句是主从复合句。主句是Were taking the train；leaving the day before the October hol
28、iday begins是现在分词短语，在句中作状语；before the October holiday begins是before引导的时间状语从句。(2)Were taking the train属于现在进行时，表示位置转移的瞬间动词如 come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay 等可用进行时表示将来的动作：用现在进行时表示一般将来时；用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。The train is arriving soon.火车就要进站了。思维拓展英语中 come, go, leave, arrive, fly,
29、return, start, begin, open, close, take off 等常用一般现在时表示按规定或时刻表将要发生的动作。如：The plane takes off at seven and arrives in Beijing at ten.飞机七点起飞，十点到达北京。(3)现在分词短语leaving the day.在句中作伴随状语。现在分词作伴随状语时表示分词动作伴随谓语动作发生。总结：现在分词作状语的用法透视：现在分词可作时间、伴随、条件、方式、原因、结果等状语，其中作时间、条件、原因、结果状语时可转化成相应的状语从句，而作伴随和方式状语时只能转化成并列分句。He is
30、 lying on the grass listening to music.He is lying on the grass and he is listening to music.他正躺在草地上，听着音乐。(伴随状语)Walking in the street (When/While I was walking in the street), I saw him.我在街上走时看到了他。(时间状语)Being spring (As/Since it is spring), the flowers are in full bloom.春天到了，百花盛开。(原因状语)现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主
31、语一致，且 doing 表示 do 与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系；being done 表示 do 与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系；若分词动作发生在谓语动作之前，则用完成式 having done；若表示被动和完成，则用 having been done。如：Being surrounded, the enemy was forced to surrender.敌人被包围了，被迫投降。Having failed many times, he didnt lose heart.尽管失败了很多次，但他没有灰心。即学即练(1)She is going to the dentist tomorrow bec
32、ause she is_having (have) a tooth filled.(2)The park was full of people，enjoying (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.4 Each statue has a different face，leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier.每个雕像都有不同的脸，这使得研究人员相信每一个雕像都是真实士兵的复制品。(1)这是一个主从复合句，主句是Each statue has a differ
33、ent face；leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier是现在分词短语，在句中作结果状语，其中包含了一个由that引导的宾语从句，作动词believe的宾语。(2)现在分词短语作结果状语时，结果状语的位置通常只能在句末，表示谓语动作所产生的结果。A terrible earthquake happened in China in 2008, causing thousands of deaths.2008年中国发生了一场大地震，造成了上万人死亡。The fire lasted nearly
34、 two days, leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了将近两天，几乎没剩下什么值钱的东西。The teacher passed away, making all the students very sad.老师去世了，这使得所有学生非常难过。即学即练My car broke down halfway，causing (cause) me to come late.5 The statues fill only one part of the emperors huge tomb，which still has not been completely unearthe
35、d.这些雕像只填满了秦始皇巨大陵墓的一部分，这个陵墓至今尚未完全出土。(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是The statues fill only one part of the emperors huge tomb；which still has not been completely unearthed是which引导的非限制性定语从句，关系代词which指代先行词tomb，并在定语从句中作主语。(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。which
36、代替一个词The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular.承诺减税的政府将广受欢迎。He is an excellent student in all subjects except for math, which is his shortcoming.他是个除数学之外各科优秀的优等生，数学是他的短处。which 代替一个短语Every soldier was wearing earplugs, which made conversation difficult.每位士兵都戴着耳塞，这使交流变得困难起来。They acc
37、used him of treating his mother badly, which of course he denied.他们指责他虐待母亲，当然，他对此断然否认。which 代替一个句子He got married again a year later, which surprised everybody.他一年后又结婚了，这使大家都很吃惊。It was built in a year, which seems absolutely unbelievable.它在一年内就建成了，这简直难以置信。He began to try to sit up, which showed us th
38、at the effects of the drug were wearing off.他开始努力坐起身来，这向我们表明药力正在消退。即学即练These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.6 However，no one in modern times knew about the tomb or the terracotta statues until 1974，when some farmers discovered the tomb while they were digging a
39、well.然而，直到1974年，一些农民在挖井时发现了这座陵墓，现代才有人知道这座古墓和兵马俑。(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是no one in modern times knew about the tomb or the terracotta statues until 1974；when some farmers discovered the tomb while they were digging a well是when引导的定语从句，其中又包含了while they were digging a well这个时间状语从句。(2)when可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句
40、，此时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如day，time，year等；when相当于“相应的介词in/during/at/on等which”。I still remember the day when(on which) I first went to college.我仍然记得我上大学的那一天。(when在从句中作时间状语)It happened ten years ago，when I was a child.事情发生在10年前，当时我还是个小孩。(when在从句中作时间状语)Ill always remember the days which/that we spent together.
41、我永远记得我们一起度过的日子。(which/that在从句中作宾语，可省略)(3)while的用法while作为并列连词，意思为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比或转折。Theres plenty of rain in the southeast, while theres little in the northeast.东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。Some people waste food while others havent enough.有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。while引导状语从句，有以下两种含义：a表示某个动作正在进行的同时，另一动作也在进行之中，这时主从句都用
42、进行时态，有对同类的两个动作进行对比的意味。如：While I was playing the piano, she was dancing.我在弹钢琴，她在跳舞。While Jim is picking apples, Kate is carrying apples to the truck.吉姆正在摘苹果，凯特正在把苹果搬到卡车上去。b表示某个动作正在进行时，又发生了另一动作(该动作用一般过去时)。如：While I was reading, I fell asleep.我读着读着就睡着了。While we were swimming in the river, we saw a fish
43、 jump out of the water.我们在河中游泳时，看见一条鱼跃出了水面。while还有以下几种常见用法：a只要(as long as)There will be life while there is water and air.只要有空气和水，就会有生命。b而；然而表示对比He is a driver while Im a teacher.他是司机，而我是老师。c虽然(although)；尽管表示让步While I see what you say, I cant agree with you.虽然我能理解你说的话，但是我不能同意你。d用作名词，表示“一会儿或一段时间”，常与a
44、, the或this等连用。如：Just wait a while and then I will help you.等一下，我会来帮你的。Where have you been all this while?这一阵子你一直都在哪儿？while所引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。如：While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.她听着收音机睡着了。即学即练(1)I met with an old friend of mine while/when I was walking along the street.(2)Th
45、ere was a time when the two brothers walked to school.考点集训三单句语法填空1They cant wait to_see (see) the new manager.2It is nice that she helped me with my homework.3I will not buy the tickets until I hear from you.4My mother is_leaving (leave) for Hong Kong next week.5Like ancient sailors，birds can find t
46、heir way using (use) the sun and the stars.6Her husband died ten years ago，leaving (leave) her with three children to look after.7The sun heats the earth，which is very important to us.8I dont know the time when the plane takes off.9Last night，I was doing my homework while my brother was playing comp
47、uter games.10We must strike while the iron is hot.单词拼写1The extra money could be spent on improving public transport (交通运输)2He was so curious about the economic (经济) crisis that he decided to look for more information about it.3I request (要求) that you should finish the task on time. 4On the top of th
48、e mountain youll get a good view (视野) of the city.5He made some useful comments (评论) on my work.6The soldier (士兵) was blinded in the war against disease. 7You will be asked to fill in a form with details (细节) of your birth and work.8The statue (雕塑) is just across from the school.单句语法填空1In this artic
49、le, these two methods will be introduced in detail. 2His request is that the work (should)_be_finished (finish) as soon as possible.3Sheila caught sight of her own face in one of the shop windows.4He made his comments (comment) at a news conference in Amsterdam.5We are working fast to try to make up
50、 for the lost time.6If you want to stay at a hotel，you have to check in.7He was looking forward to working (work) with the new Prime Minister.8It was impossible that Tom won the first prize.9Go alone the street until you see the traffic light.10I am_flying (fly) to Beijing the day after tomorrow.11H
51、e said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.12We couldnt wait to_go (go) home.13Would you look after the children while I do the shopping?14The girl standing (stand) under the tree is really charming.15The son was having a good meal at home，while the parents were working in the fields.- 20 - 版权所有高考资源网
