1、第二课时Using language.词汇初探1worthwhile adj. 值得做的；有价值的；有用的worth adj. 值钱；相当于的价值worthy adj. 有价值的；值得的；可敬的2blanket n. 毯子；毛毯3cucumber n. 黄瓜4enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的enthusiasm n. 热情；热心5upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的 vt. 使不安；使心烦upset/upset/upsetting(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)6elect vt.选举；推选election n. 选择；选举.短语互译1充分地；尽可能地 to_the_ful
2、l/fullest 2由组成 be_made_up_of 3起起伏伏 ups_and_downs4对有影响 have_an_effect_on5lend sb.an ear 倾听6cheer sb.up 使振作起来 7come across 偶遇 8contribute to 对做出贡献 .经典句式1With life being made up of ups and downs, it is not always easy to_maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude.(P18)生活是由起起落落组成的，要保持一种良好而热情的态度并不总是容易的。2L
3、ooking on the bright side is the best thing that we can do for ourselves as well as for others.(P18)看到光明的一面是我们能为自己和他人做的最好的事情。3Why dont you tell me whats_up？(P19)你为什么不告诉我出什么事了？.语法初探单句语法填空1. (2019新课标卷)Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human se
4、ttlements.2. (2019浙江卷)But some students didnt want to_wear (wear) the uniform.3. (2018天津)I didnt mean to_eat(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help trying (try)it.4The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without being_recognized(recognize)5Its quite h
5、ot today. Do you feel like going (go)for a swim?1 教材原句 Even though being a scout has its challenges, I feel it is worthwhile.(P17)尽管当童子军有挑战，但我觉得这是值得的。eg.However, the evening makes it all worthwhile.然而这个傍晚让这一切都是值得的。 归纳拓展值得做某事(2)(3)the worth of 的价值名师点津worth 一般只作表语，需用程度副词 well 修饰，不可用 very 修饰；而worthwhil
6、e 既可作表语又可作定语。即时巩固 完成句子/单句语法填空It is worthwhile visiting/to_visit the beautiful West Lake.参观美丽的西湖是值得的。The coin is of high quality and worth collecting (collect)2 教材原句A good attitude can have a positive effect on other people.(P18)一个好的态度会对别人产生积极的影响。eg.The medicine also has a positive effect on/upon the
7、 heart and the blood flow.这种药对心脏和血液流动也有积极的影响。 归纳拓展(1)have an effect on/upon对有效；对产生影响put/bring sth.into effect 实施；实行；使生效come into effect/take effect (法律、规则或制度)生效；实施of no effect 没有效果的；没有影响的side effect 副作用(2)effective adj. 有效的；实际的即时巩固完成句子/单句语法填空Its reported that this regulation will come_into_effect fr
8、om September 1, 2021.据报道本章程自2021年9月1日起生效。The changes in our population will have lasting effects on/upon our social development and our way of life.One of the most effective (effect) ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust. upset adj. 心烦意乱的；烦恼的vt.使不安；使心烦 (upset，upset，u
9、psetting)教材原句Why are you so upset？(P19)你为什么这么难过？归纳拓展(1)be upset about/over/at sth.为某事烦心be upset to do sth.对做某事感到不安/难过be upset that. 让人不安 (2)upset oneself about sth.为某事而烦恼It upsets sb.to do sth./that.让某人心烦的是即时巩固完成句子/单句语法填空It_upsets_me_to think of her all alone in that big house.想到她孤身一人守着那所大房子，我就感到不舒服
10、。In my opinion，there is no point being upset about/over/at it.He stood up suddenly, upsetting (upset) a glass of wine.She was upset to_know (know) that her application for the position was refused.熟词生义I upset a cup of coffee on his shirt，making me quite embarrassed. (vt.打翻)All my plans were upset by
11、 the sudden change in the weather. (vt.打乱)1 教材原句With life being made up of ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude.(P18)生活是由起起落落组成的，要保持一种良好而热情的态度并不总是容易的。归纳拓展make up 组成；编造；化妆；弥补；和好 make up for 弥补be made of/from 由制成 be made into 把制成be made out of 由制成 be made i
12、n (某物)产于某地make it 获得成功；准时到达make out 看清；分清；辨认清楚即时巩固(1)写出下列句中make up的汉语意思The quarrel was only about a trivial matter, but it was years before they made it up.讲和；和好The teacher asked the children to make up a poem about Christmas. 编造Somehow the company has got to make up for all the time weve lost. 弥补；偿
13、还When she goes out to visit friends, she is very much made up.化妆；打扮Leave this notice hanging on your door, asking the servant to make up your room. 铺床；整理(2)完成句子Life is made_up_of tiny trifles.生活是由琐碎的事构成的。Dont make_up_ any excuse any more for your coming late.不要再为你来晚了编造任何理由了。2 教材原句 Remember, your att
14、itude is contagious, so make sure you pass on a good one！(P18)记住，你的态度是有感染力的，所以一定要传递好的态度！eg.Please pass on the message to as many people as possible.请将这个消息传递给尽可能多的人。归纳拓展pass away 消失；去世pass by (时间)逝去pass.down (from sb.) to sb.把传给；把往下传pass.on to 传递pass.off as. (某人)冒充成pass out 晕倒pass through 经历；体验pass o
15、ver 忽略；省略即时巩固完成句子At the party, she passed herself off as an experienced actress which is laughed by others.在晚会上，她冒充有经验的演员，别人都嘲笑她。I nearly passed_out when I saw all the blood.看到那么多血，我差点晕了过去。3 教材原句Today I came across my friend Dawei.(P19)今天我遇到了我的朋友大伟。eg.While cleaning the house yesterday, I came acros
16、s an old photograph of my mother.在打扫房屋时，我偶然发现了一张妈妈的旧照片。 归纳拓展come about 发生come on 快点；加油；得了吧come out 出现；开花；发行；发表come up (问题、计划等)被提及；升起；长出地面come up with提出come to 共计；达到；被想出即时巩固 单句语法填空A solution came up at the end of the meeting.When he came across a new word, he would often look it up in the dictionary
17、and find out its exact meaning.How did it come about that he knew where we were?It suddenly came to her that she had been wrong all along.4 教材原句You feel annoyed because a group member doesnt want to contribute to your groups work.(P19)你感到恼火是因为一个小组成员不想为你的小组工作做贡献。归纳拓展(1) contribute v促成；捐献，捐助；撰稿contrib
18、ute.to/towards.向捐献；向投稿contribute ideas/money/an article 出主意/捐钱/投稿(2)contribution n. 贡献make a contribution to/make contributions to 对做出贡献即时巩固完成句子/单句语法填空Volunteer or, if you can，contribute a little money to a cause.做志愿者或者如果可以的话，给某个事业捐点儿钱。Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death.The
19、 scientist was rewarded by the government for having made such a great contribution (contribute) to the country.Their inventions have contributed to developing (develop) electrical engineering. With life being made up of ups and downs， it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitu
20、de.(P18)生活是由起起落落组成的，要保持一种良好而热情的态度并不总是容易的。句式分析句中With life being made up of ups and downs属于“with宾语宾语补足语”的复合结构。该结构常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。归纳拓展with的复合结构可细化为以下几个情景：(1)with名词/代词形容词/副词/介词短语。(2)with宾语to do。不定式和宾语之间是被动关系，表示尚未发生的动作。(3)with宾语done。过去分词和宾语之间是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。(4)with宾语doing。宾语和动词ing之间是主动关系，动词ing所
21、表示的动作和主句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。即时巩固单句语法填空With our incomes increasing, more and more of us have private cars.With everything he needed bought (buy), he left the store.With so many people communicating (communicate) in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of Engli
22、sh.I cant go out with all these clothes to_wash (wash) Looking on the bright side is the best thing that we can do for ourselves as well as for others.(P18)看到光明的一面是我们能为自己和他人做的最好的事情。句式分析as well as也；既又；不但而且；和一样好归纳拓展 as well as 的用法：(1)用作连词，连接两个相同的成分，如名词、形容词等，通常不位于句首，相当于not only。当as well as连接主语时，谓语动词必须和
23、as well as前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致 (即与比较远的那个主语保持一致，简称“就远原则”)。类似的词还有together with, along with, with, besides, but, except, including, rather than等。(2)用作介词，相当于besides, in addition to，意为“除之外 (还有)”，后面通常接名词或动词ing形式。may/might (just) as well do.表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议，意为“不妨，还是吧”。即时巩固完成句子/单句语法填空She can sing；she ca
24、n play the piano as_well.她会唱歌，她也会弹钢琴。The teacher as well as his students was (be) interested in the film.The deadline of the project is near，so we might as well get (get) some help.非谓语动词作宾语一、动词不定式作宾语1下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望；拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划；同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish;
25、 refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help。We agreed to meet at the school gate.我们一致同意在校门口见面。She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。2形式宾语it: 在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后，常用it作形式宾语，
26、然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。即“主语consider/think/find/feel/make/believeitadj. /n.to do sth.”。 We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。3可接“疑问词不定式”结构作宾语的动词有：teach, decide, wonder, show, learn, consider, know等。Have you decided where to spend your holiday?你决定去哪儿度假了吗？二、动名词作宾语1下列动词或词组只能用动名词
27、作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅；承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练；否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险；不禁介意准逃亡。consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon; admit，delay/put off，fancy; avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice/practise; deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate; forbid，imagine，risk; cant help，mind，allow/permit，escape。I would appreciate your call
28、ing back this afternoon.我对你今天下午回电话表示感谢。The squirrels were so lucky that they just missed being caught.松鼠们很幸运没有被抓住。2be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，go back to，stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，cant stand (无法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist on，thank.for，apologize for，be busy (in)，hav
29、e difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，spend time (in) 等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。He is used to getting up early.他习惯了很早起床。Heart failure can sometimes lead to being killed.心力衰竭有时可能会导致死亡。三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：forgetregrettrygo onremembermeanRaising salary means i
30、ncreasing purchasing power.涨工资意味着提高购买力。He didnt mean to hurt you.他并没有打算伤害你。Dont forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。I remember posting the letters.我记得寄过信了。四、need, demand, want, require等在表示“需要”时，用动名词的主动形式表被动，或用不定式的被动形式，但动名词形式更常见。The wall needs to be painted.The wall needs painting.墙壁需要粉刷了。五、接不定式/动名词且意义差别不大
31、的动词 1表示“爱憎喜恶”的情感类动词hate, love, like, prefer 等动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义虽相同，内涵却有些区别接不定式作宾语时，多表示一次性的、具体的动作；接动名词作宾语时，多表示习惯性的、一般性的动作。如：They prefer staying indoors when it is cold.天冷时他们喜欢待在屋里。Would you prefer to stay at home this evening?今晚你想待在家里吗？2begin, start, continue 等少数几个动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时意义差别不大。如：Tom began to
32、 learn/learning how to use a computer.汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。即时巩固.单句语法填空1You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying (die) early by running. 2I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged. 3I still remember visit
33、ing (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. 4Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.5But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sara
34、h is not spending halfterm resting (rest)6Still, the boy kept riding (ride)7They managed to_finish (finish) the work on time.8He admitted having_stolen (steal)the money in the safe.完成句子1We cant afford to_go on vacation this year.今年我们没钱去度假。2The doctor advised taking more exercise.医生建议多锻炼。3Its time I
35、got down to thinking about that essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。4That would mean wasting a lot of labour.那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。Really? I dont mean to_waste any labour.是吗？我并没有打算浪费劳动力。5He decided to_go_abroad for further education.他决定去国外深造。.单词拼写1He thinks it worthwhile (值得的) to devote all his life to teaching since he has
36、 won great respect from his students.2The headmaster was more than glad to know that many young teachers were enthusiastic (热心的) about the project.3I finally came out of the contest (比赛) as the first prize winner.4Mr Black had been elected (选举) president of the company.5He misunderstood me, which ma
37、de me upset (心烦意乱的).选词填空have a good effect on； contribute to； cheer up； as well as； ups and downs； be made up of 1Last night I read a book of poems，which is_made_up_of 50 poems. 2Although he has gone through ups_and_downs,_I believe he will succeed one day.3Large quantities of information，as_well_as
38、 some timely help have been offered since the organization was built.4Reading books of traditional culture can have_a_good_effect_on the children.5Bright curtains can cheer_up a dull room.6Overuse of computers will contribute_to the failure of our eyesight, which is a warning to us all.语法练习完成句子1.He has got used to living_in_the_countryside.他已经习惯住在乡下了。2The driver failed to_see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。3My English teacher promised to_lend some books to me. 我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。4I am looking forward to hearing_from_you.我盼望收到你的来信。5I expected to_know_the_answer_to_your_question.我想知道你那道题的答案。
