1、专项技能保分练(八)主旨大意题A2019安徽省皖江名校联盟联考On a recent night, while I was busy thinking about important social issues, like what to do over the weekend and who to do it with, I overheard my parents talking about my future. My dad was upset not the usual stuff that he and Mom and, I guess, a lot of parents worry
2、 about like which college Im going to, how far away it is from home. Instead, he was upset about the world his generation is turning over to mine, a world he fears has a dark and difficult future if it has a future at all.“There will be a disease that kills millions, a disastrous energy crisis, a ho
3、rrible worldwide depression and a nuclear explosion set off in anger.”As I lay on the living room couch, listening to their conversation, starting to worry about the future my father was describing, I found myself looking at some old family photos. There was a picture of my grandfather who was a mem
4、ber of the class of 1942, the war class. Next to his picture were photos of my greatgrandparents. Seeing those pictures made me feel a lot better. I believe tomorrow will be better than today that the world my generation grows into is going to get better, not worse. Those pictures helped me understa
5、nd why.I considered some of the awful things my grandparents and greatgrandparents had seen in their lifetimes: two world wars, killer flu, segregation (隔离), a nuclear bomb. But they saw other things, too, better things: the end of two world wars, passage of the civil rights laws.I believe that my g
6、eneration will see better things, too that we will witness the time when AIDS is cured and cancer is defeated. I will see things as incredible to me today as the Internet to my father when he was 16.体裁：记叙文题材：个人经历主题：明天会更好【语篇解读】文章通过描述作者的父亲对未来的担心，引发了作者对未来的深思。后来作者从一些旧的家庭照片中得到启发：尽管世界充满了糟糕的事情，但是明天一定会越来越好。
7、1Why was the authors dad upset on a recent night?AHe was upset about which college for the author to go to.BHe was upset that the college is too far from the authors home.CHe was worried about his dark and difficult future coming soon.DWhat upset him is whether there is a future for the authors gene
8、ration.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据文章第一段可知，作者的父亲担心的不是作者要上哪所大学、大学离家有多远，而是作者这一代人正在接替他们成为世界的主力，但世界的未来并不明朗，或许还充满艰难与黑暗，故选D项。2What was the authors first reaction to his fathers worry?AIndifferent. BOptimistic.CWorried. DSensitive.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据文章第三段第一句中的“As I lay on the living room couch, listening to their convers
9、ation, starting to worry about the future my father was describing”可知，作者的第一反应是担心，故选C项。3What did those photos make the author understand?AThe world was full of terrible things that could not be solved.BThough the world was full of terrible things, it would get better.CAll those terrible things that w
10、orried the author actually didnt exist.DThose pictures showed that people never worried about their future.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的“Seeing those pictures made me feel a lot better. I believe tomorrow will be better than today that the world my generation grows into is going to get better, not worse”可
11、知，作者认为世界会越来越好，故选B项。4What is the best title of the article?ANever Worry About Your FutureBTomorrow Will Be Better Than TodayCThe World Will Never Be PeacefulDAll That Exists Will Come to an End答案与解析：B考查主旨大意。根据文章后三段可知，作者从家里的一些老照片中得到启发：尽管世界充满了糟糕的事情，但是明天一定会越来越好，故选B项。B2019广东佛山市质量监测一Plants are boring. The
12、y just sit there photosynthesizing (光合作用) while animals have all the fun. Right? Not so much. A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants. The ant and plants coevolution (共同进化) started with ants feeding on plants and plants evolving antfriendly features
13、.Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ants to use. Some plants have evolved features that persuade ants into defending them from attack from other insects and even mammals. These include hollow thorns that ants will live inside, or extra nectar (琼浆) on leaves or stems f
14、or ants to eat. Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will stick around and attack anything that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds. The ant will pick up the seed
15、 and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed often in a nutrientrich area where itll grow better, and since its farther away from its parent, they wont have to compete for resources.But scientists werent sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started. If ev
16、olution is an arms race between species developing ways to make use of their neighbors, then scientists wanted to know whether plants or ants fired the first shot. It was a chickenandegg question, whether things started with ants developing behaviors to take advantage of plants, or plants evolving s
17、tructures to take advantage of ants.The history of ants and plants evolving together goes back to the time of the dinosaurs, and its not easy to tell from fossils who fired the first shot.However, it is a question of little significance. Scientists say their study matters because it provides a look
18、at how these widespread and complex interactions evolved.体裁：说明文题材：环境与自然主题：蚂蚁和植物的共同进化【语篇解读】动物和植物相互依赖、共同生存、共同进化的历史可追溯至恐龙时代。本文向读者介绍了一项关于蚂蚁和植物间共同进化的新的研究发现：植物不仅在进行光合作用，而且还在不断地进化，充分利用蚂蚁来保护自己，传播自己的种子。5Why do some plants attach food packets to their seeds?ATo reward the ants.BTo make a fool of ants.CTo prov
19、ide nutrition for the seeds.DTo get the seeds moved around.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds”可知，一些植物通过给蚂蚁提供附在种子上的丰富的食物使其帮助它们传播种子。故选D项。6What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?AHow plants and an
20、ts interact.BWhat ants do to protect plants.CHow plants and ants survive from attacks.DWhy plants and ants need coevolution.答案与解析：A考查主旨大意。根据第二段内容和第三段中的“But scientists werent sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started”可知，第二段讲述的是科学家们研究蚂蚁和植物间的这种共同进化关系(但是他们之间的这种进化关系是如何开始的
21、，科学家们还不确定)。因此，第二段主要告诉我们蚂蚁和植物是怎样互动的。故选A项。7Which is true about the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants ?AAnts depended more upon plants.BIt caused a race for better evolution.CHow it got started was uncertain.DIt was of little value for future studies.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“But scientists
22、 werent sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started”可知，科学家们仍不确定蚂蚁和植物间的这种进化关系是怎样开始的。故选C项。8Whats the authors purpose of writing the passage?ATo introduce a science research method.BTo inform readers of a latest research finding.CTo arouse readers interest in science rese
23、arch.DTo criticize peoples traditional views about plants.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。综观全文，特别是文章第一段可知，本文介绍了一项关于蚂蚁和植物间共同进化的新研究发现，这一研究发现打破了人们的传统认识。故选B项。长难句分析：The ant will pick up the seed and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed often in a nutrientrich area where itll grow better, and since its fa
24、rther away from its parent, they wont have to compete for resources.句式分析：本句是由and连接的并列主从复合句，第一个分句中包含四个并列谓语pick up, carry, eat和leave; often in a nutrientrich area where itll grow better作状语，其中where itll grow better为定语从句，修饰先行词area；and后的分句是一个主从复合句，since引导原因状语从句，主句是they wont have to compete for resources。
25、句意：蚂蚁会捡起种子，把它带走，吃掉食物包，然后把种子留在营养丰富的地方，在那里它会生长得更好，因为它离它的父母更远，它们就不必争夺资源。C2019安徽重点中学盟校模拟On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices (设备) and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at th
26、e University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains, is imp
27、ortant for critical (有判断力的) thinking, problemsolving and decisionmaking.So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in nature, Strayer claims, helps get a tired brain away from too much technology. More than 15,000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival
28、in September. That is when friends and family take time off and escape to nature for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.Take Carl for example. He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoo
29、rs makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate Somers is another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a“regenerative” experience.At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both sh
30、ortterm and longterm exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the longterm contact with nature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending thre
31、e days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.体裁：说明文题材：健康生活主题：让大脑休息【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，作者讲述了当今长时间使用电子设备对大脑的危害，鼓励人们放下这些电子设备，去户外活动活动，让大脑休息一下。【难句分析】Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media puts a lot of pr
32、essure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains, is important for critical (有判断力的) thinking, problemsolving and decisionmaking.分析：这是一个较长的复合句。主句使用了动名词短语Using an electronic device作主语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the front of the brain。译文：使用电子设备来回复邮件、听新闻、浏览社交媒体，给大脑前端(前额叶)带来了很大的压力，Strayer解释说，这个区域对于批判思
33、考、解决问题和作决策都至关重要。9What is David Strayers opinion?AAmericans dislike outdoor activities.BElectronic equipment should be quitted.CNew technologies are a doubleedged sword.DElectronic equipment brings great convenience.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。依据第一段可知，David Strayer认为过多使用电子设备导致大脑疲劳，第二段中的“answer emails, listen to th
34、e news and look at social media”暗示着电子设备给我们生活带来的便利，因此科技有利有弊，选项C正确。10Why does Strayer insist we go outdoors?ATo try another lifestyle.BTo refresh our brain.CTo make better decisions.DTo play with our family and friends.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。依据前两段可知，过多使用电子设备会导致大脑疲劳，根据第三段可知，我们需要让大脑休息一下，而走进大自然可以让我们疲惫的大脑远离电子设备，从而
35、让大脑恢复活力，因此选B项。11What does the underlined word “regenerative” mean?AReborn. BMemorable.CRemarkable. DTiring.答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。画线词所在段中作者列举Carl的事例说明，户外活动能使他放松并更好地工作，作者提到“Kate Somers is another example. two children”暗示着，Kate与家人在户外的活动也给了她活力，因此选A项，画线词表示“有再生作用的，有再造能力的”。12Which is the proper title for the passage?AElectronic Equipment Harms the BrainBGood Rest Develops Good MemoryCTips on Using New TechnologiesDBeing in Nature Is Good for the Brain答案与解析：D考查标题判断。通读全文可知，长时间盯着看或使用电子设备对大脑不利，作者鼓励人们放下这些高科技产品到大自然中去，让大脑得以休息，放松一下。文中更是用Carl和Kate的事例说明走进大自然给大脑带来的益处，因此选项D适合作本文标题。
