1、UNIT 2MORALS AND VIRTUESI have a dreamMartin Luther KingI have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creedwe hold these truths to be selfevident, that all men are created equal. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slave
2、s and sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.When we allow freedom to ring, when we
3、let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day.When all of Gods childrenblack men and white men, Jews and Gentiles，Protestants and Catholicswill be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, “free at la
4、st, free at last. Thank God almighty, we are free at last.”开启快乐学习之旅我有一个梦想马丁路德金我有一个梦想：有一天，这个国家将站起来，并实现它的信条的真正含义我们将捍卫这些不言而喻的真理，即所有人生来平等。我有一个梦想：有一天在乔治亚州红色的山丘上，从前的奴隶的子孙们能和从前的奴隶主的子孙们像兄弟一样坐在同一张桌子旁我有一个梦想：我的四个孩子有一天将生活在这样一个国度，在那里，人们不以肤色，而是以品格来评价他们当自由的钟声响起的时候，当我们让它从每一个村庄，每一个州，每一个城市响起的时候，我们将能够加速这一天的到来。那时，上帝所有的
5、孩子黑人和白人，犹太教徒和非犹太教徒，新教徒和天主教徒，将能携手同唱那古老的黑人圣歌：“终于自由了，终于自由了，感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由了！”模块核心素养导航Section Listening and Speaking，Reading and Thinking.重点单词1moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n品行；道德；寓意2virtue n高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质3illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文意)加插图illustration n图表，插图；图解；图示4precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的5marriage n结婚；婚姻 marry v结婚，娶，嫁m
6、arried adj.已婚的6majority n大部分；大多数major adj.主要的；多数的vi.主修minority n少数民族；少数7complain vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚complaint n抱怨；牢骚；投诉8fee n专业服务费；报酬9respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应response n反应；回答；回复10union n协会；联合会；工会11scholarship n奖学金12hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n租借；租用13physician n医师；(尤指)内科医生physicist n物理学家physical adj.身体的；物理的physics
7、 n物理学14colleague n同事；同僚15reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用rejection n拒绝接受；否决16appoint vt.任命；委派appointment n任命，委派17clinic n诊所；门诊部clinical adj.临床的； 临床诊断的18faraway adj.遥远的19elect vt.选举；推选election n选举；推选；当选elector n选举人20decade n十年；十年期21elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处22tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于tendency n趋势；倾向23publish vt.发表(作品)；出版p
8、ublisher n出版人(或机构)24staff n员工；全体职员25retire vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出retirement n退休retired adj.退休的26saving n节省物；节省；节约 pl.储蓄金；存款27kindergarten n学前班；幼儿园28principle n道德原则；法则；原则29passive adj.被动的；顺从的30scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.使惊吓scared adj.害怕的；对感到惊慌或恐惧的scary adj.引起恐慌的31sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的sharpen v使变锋利32insuranc
9、e n保险；保险业33energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的energy n精力；力量；能源34replace vt.接替；取代；更换replacement n替换；更换；替代品；替换.重点短语1carry sb. through sth.帮助某人渡过难关2tend to do sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事3get in trouble陷入困境；遇到麻烦4not only. but also.不仅而且5be famous for因而闻名6be affected by被影响/感动7instead of代替；而不是8would rather do sth.宁愿做某事9gradua
10、te from从毕业10because of因为；由于11in need of需要12care for照看；喜欢13be responsible for对负责14treat.as.把当作15be known as.作为而闻名16of ones own属于某人自己的17be ready to do乐意干某事18not.any more不再.重点句型1She responded，“Id rather _stay single to study all my life！”她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”2She immediately became the first woman ever
11、to be hired as a resident physician in the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。3At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。4Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand
12、 babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。1 precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的典型例句The peacock is a precious bird in the subtropical zone.孔雀是亚热带地区的珍禽。Clean water is precious in that part of the world.在世界的那个地方，洁净的水是宝贵的。即学即练What is precious (preciously) betwe
13、en friends is belief and respect.2 典型例句The majority of the damage is easy to repair.这次的损失大部分容易补救。The majority of people believe that smoking is harmful to health.大多数人认为吸烟有害健康。思维拓展the majority 大多数(其作主语表整体时，谓语用单数；若表成员情况时，谓语用复数。)the majority ofn.U单数谓语the majority ofn.pl.复数谓语be in the/a majority占大多数by/w
14、ith a majority of以大多数(赢得)minority n少数民族；少数a/the minority of少数be in the/a minority占少数即学即练(1)The _majority were present at the meeting.大多数人出席了会议。(2)The majority of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games.大部分人似乎喜欢观看比赛胜于参加比赛。 (3)He was elected by a majority of 765.他以765票的多数票当选。3 典型例句He com
15、plained bitterly that he had been unfairly treated.他愤懑地诉说他所受到的不公平待遇。Im going to complain to the manager about this.我要就这件事向经理投诉。思维拓展complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth.(向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)发牢骚 complain (to sb.) that.(向某人)抱怨 complaint n抱怨；投诉；控告 make a complaint about sth.抱怨/投诉某事 make a complaint to
16、 sb.向某人抱怨/投诉即学即练(1)He did nothing but complain to me about the food and the service of the restaurant.(2)Dont complain about our life. We should be thankful for what we have.4 典型例句Does the bank charge a fee for setting up the account?在这家银行开账户要收费吗？易混辨析fare, fee, charge, costfare指交通费。fee指会费、学费、入场费、手续费
17、等。charge指商品和服务所需要的要价、收费等。cost指成本、费用、代价等。即学即练His parents paid high tuition fees (fee) for his college life.5 典型例句I invited her to dinner but she did not respond.我邀请她吃晚饭，但她未回复。How did she respond to the news?她对那个消息有什么反应？思维拓展respond to sb./sth.(with/ by sth.) (用)回答某人/回复某事(比 answer, reply to正式)respond t
18、o (疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应response n反应；回答；回复response to sb./sth. (对人/物)的回答/回复/反应in response to作为对的反应易混辨析respond, answer, replyrespond为不及物动词，指对他人的期望等做出适当的回应，是最正式的用词。answer为及物动词，指用文字、语言或行动回答，是最普通的用词。reply为不及物动词，与answer 用法基本相同，但稍正式一些。I asked him his name, but he didnt respond.我问他叫什么名字，可他没回答。He answered tha
19、t he did go there last night.他回答说昨天晚上他的确去过那儿。Its your turn now to reply to these charges.现在该轮到你对这些指控进行答辩了。即学即练(1)They still havent responded _to my letter.他们至今仍没有回我的信。(2)He responded to my suggestion with a laugh/by laughing.他对我的建议报以一笑。(3)His illness didnt respond to treatment by drugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应
20、。(4)My mother opened the door in response to the knock, but there was no one outside.听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。6 典型例句They hired a big hall.他们租了一间大厅。We hired a driver to take us on a tour of the city.我们雇用了一个司机带我们游览这个城市。We have to pay $300 for the hire of the meeting hall.我们不得不为会议室的租用支付300美元。思维拓展for/on
21、 hire 出租Car for hire, $10 an hour.汽车出租，每小时10美元。易混辨析employ, hire, rent(1)employ 雇，雇人，指商店或公司长期雇用人。(2)hire 租，雇，指按工作量或时间雇用人。(3)rent 租，指长期租赁土地、房屋等，若暂时租借也可用 hire。They want to hire a hall for an evening.他们想租用礼堂一晚上。They cant afford to buy a new house, so they have to rent one.他们买不起新房子，因此还得租房住。即学即练They hired
22、 (hire) a firm of consultants to design the new system.7 典型例句The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked.基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的想法，谁支持这一理论就将受到攻击。思维拓展rejection n拒绝接受；否决图解助记即学即练His article was rejected (reject) by the editor.
23、8 典型例句Shes been appointed(as/to be)sales manager.她被任命为销售部经理。They appointed her to take care of that old man.他们派她去照顾那位老人。思维拓展appoint sb.(as/to be)职位某人担任职位appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事appointment n任命；委派；约定make/have an appointment with sb.与某人有约keep/break an appointment守约/违约appointed adj.约定的；指定的即学即练(1)On
24、ce you make an appointment (appoint) with someone, you should keep it.(2)She was waiting at my apartment at the appointed(appoint) time to take me to Disney World.9 典型例句She elected an art course because she was interested in art.因为她对艺术感兴趣，所以选择了一门艺术课。Like men, women have the right to elect and to be
25、elected.妇女享有同男子平等的选举权和被选举权。思维拓展elect to do sth.决定做某事elect sb. as选举某人当election n选举；推选；当选We wonder who will win the next election.我们都想知道下届选举谁会获胜。即学即练Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am_elected (elect) as assistant to my English teacher.10 典型例句Many great events happened in the past
26、 decade.在过去的十年中发生了很多大事件。巧学妙记deca(ten，十)de十年；十年期思维拓展for/during/in/over the past/last few decades在过去的几十年里(常和现在完成时连用)For the past few decades computer technology has come a long way.过去几十年里，计算机技术取得了长足的进步。即学即练In the past decade, he has_planted(plant)hundreds of trees.11 典型例句I tend to go to bed late and g
27、et up early in summer.夏天我往往睡得晚，起得早。She spends her spare time tending her old mother.她的业余时间都花在照顾她年迈的母亲上。思维拓展tend to do sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事tend to/towards sth.趋向，倾向tend (to) sb./sth.(look after sb./sth.)照顾/护理tendency n倾向，趋势 have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向即学即练(1)The sort of music he listens to varies,
28、but tends _towards popular music.他听的音乐形形色色，不过倾向于流行音乐。(2)She tends to get angry when people oppose to her plan.别人反对她的计划时，她很容易生气。(3)The nurse skillfully tended their wounds.那位护士熟练地为他们包扎伤口。12 典型例句The staff are not happy about the new arrangement.员工们不喜欢新的安排。The old man can walk only with the help of a s
29、taff.这个老人只有借助拐杖才能走路。思维拓展staff作“全体员工”讲，单复数同形；作主语时，若被看作整体，其谓语动词用单数；若被看作个体，谓语动词用复数。如：The staff in this school is high in quality.这所学校的员工素质很高。The staff in this shop are helpful.这家店里的员工是乐于助人的。即学即练The staff in this company are (be) busy working at present.13 retire vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出；离开(尤指去僻静处)典型例句Most peopl
30、e retire at 60.大多数人在60岁时退休。She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.由于身体不好她被迫早早地从教学岗位上退了下来。After lunch, he retired to his study.午饭后他去了书房。思维拓展retire from.从退休(役)/退出retire (from.)(to.)退下；退出；离开(尤指到僻静处)retired adj.已退职的；已退休的retirement n退休；退职即学即练(1)After he retired (retire) from o
31、ffice, Tom took up painting for a while, but soon lost interest.(2)When the worldfamous tennis player announced her retirement (retire), she couldnt help crying.14 典型例句Schools try to teach children a set of principles.学校设法教给孩子们一套道德准则。They agreed to the plan only in principle.他们只是原则上同意那个计划。思维拓展in pri
32、nciple 原则上；理论上on principle 根据原则即学即练Despite the variety of injuries, several principles (principle) of first aid can apply to all emergencies.15 典型例句The terrible sounds scared the children.可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。He doesnt scare easily.他不轻易害怕。思维拓展scare sb. to death把某人吓得要死scare sb. away/off把某人吓跑scare sb. into/ou
33、t of (doing) sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事It scares sb. to do sth.使某人害怕去做某事scared adj.害怕的；对感到惊慌或恐惧的be scared of doing/to do sth.害怕做某事be scared (that).害怕即学即练(1)The scarecrow in the field is used to scare the birds away.田地里的稻草人是用来吓跑小鸟的。(2)They scared the little boy into stealing foods in the supermarket.他们威胁这个小男孩到超
34、市里去偷食物。(3)The little girl is scared of going out alone.这个小女孩害怕一个人外出。(4)Im scared Im going to fall.我害怕自己快掉下去了。16 典型例句He has replaced Mr Brown as president.他取代布朗先生当了董事长。He will replace the broken window with a new one.他要用新窗户更换破了的窗户。思维拓展replace.with/by.用代替replace sb.as.取代某人而成为replace sb./sth.take the p
35、lace of sb./sth.取代某人/某物take the place of take ones place接替in place ofin ones place代替out of place不在合适的位置；不得体即学即练一句多译我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加会议。(1)Our monitor will take_the_place_of/replace_our_head_teacher to attend the meeting.(take the place of/replace) (2)Our monitor will attend the meeting in_place_of_ou
36、r_head_teacher.(in place of) (3)Our monitor will take_our_head_teachers_place to attend the meeting.(take ones place)考点集训一单句语法填空1The majority (major) of them take an online language test before starting their programme.2Some minority (minor) languages are losing their identities because of the invas
37、ion of more popular spoken ones.3The police received several complaints (complain) about the noise from our party.4Knowing basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.5We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected (reject)6I was appointed to_take (take) c
38、harge of arranging all the activities on that day.7About three decades (decade) ago，China was known as the “Bicycle Kingdom”8The older women tend to_believe (believe) in strangers easily.9Nowadays there is a growing tendency (tend) for people to shop on Internet.10As a retired (retire) ear doctor，I
39、heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.11We were scared (scare) to death when the fire broke out.Fortunately，it was put out before it caused much damage.1 典型例句Her confidence carried her through.她的信心使她渡过了难关。思维拓展carry through实现；完成carry on (doing sth
40、./with sth.)继续(做某事)；坚持carry out贯彻；执行；履行carry out a plan/orders/instructions执行计划/命令/指示carry away运走，使失去自制力即学即练(1)He was the only person who could carry the country through.他是唯一能使国家安然渡过困境之人。(2)Its a difficult job but shes the person to carry it through.这是一项艰巨的工作，但她这个人是能够顺利完成的。(3)It is difficult to carr
41、y on a conversation with a great noise around us.在周围很吵闹的环境下进行谈话是很困难的。(4)Once a decision is reached, it must be firmly carried out.决定一旦形成，就必须坚决执行。(5)He has failed to carry out his promise.他没有履行诺言。2 典型例句Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。If you cannot go, hell go instead
42、of you.如果你不能去，他将替你去。易混辨析instead，instead of(1)instead 为副词，意为“(不是)而是/反而”，可单独使用，置于句首或句末； instead of 意为“代替；而不是”，后接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语等。(2)instead of 指用A而不用B，除“代替”之意外，还有对B否定的意味，所以有时译成“不”； in place of 一般指以A代B。Instead of going to the cinema, he went shopping.他没有去看电影，而是去买东西了。She never studies. Instead, she plays
43、 all day.她从来不学习。相反，她成天玩。Plastics are now often used in place of wood or metal.现在塑料经常被用来代替木料或金属。即学即练Ill attend the meeting instead of him.3 典型例句I felt lonely and was in need of someone for companionship.我觉得孤独，需要有人做伴。思维拓展have the need for sth.需要某物in want of 需要satisfy/meet a need 满足要求The project has th
44、e need for money.这个工程需要钱。But Im sorry were not able to meet your need this time.但是很遗憾，这次我们不能满足您的需要。即学即练The minister said that their church was badly in need of repairs.4 典型例句She moved back home to care for her elderly parents.她搬回家住，好照料年迈的双亲。I dont care for her at all.我一点也不喜欢她。思维拓展care about关心；在乎take
45、 care小心；注意take care of照顾；照料即学即练He cares for playing chess.5 典型例句Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.迈克负责设计全部工程。Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.因患肺癌而死亡的人，大约90%是吸烟所致。思维拓展responsibility n责任；负责a strong sense of responsibility很强的责任感即学即练Who is res
46、ponsible for the traffic accident that happened yesterday?6 treat.as.把看作/当作典型例句I decided to treat his words as a joke.我决定把他的话当作玩笑话。They treated me as one of the family.他们把我当作家人。思维拓展其近义表达有：treat sb./yourself (to sth.)招待；款待即学即练He treated me as a hero.考点集训二单句语法填空1They decided to carry on in spite of th
47、e weather.2Dont blame me.Im only carrying out my orders.3He worried that instead of making money，he would end up owing it.4My dear father，you brought me into this world，cared for me and loved me.5You shouldnt care too much about your test score.6Human activity is not responsible for all water shorta
48、ges.7He treated me as his best friend and often treated me to dinner.(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是She responded，后面的直接引语充当宾语从句。(2)would rather意为“宁愿；宁可；还是为好”。would rather从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型，谓语用一般过去时来表示现在或将来，意为“宁愿某人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。John wants to see me today.But I would rather he came tomorrow
49、.约翰今天想来看我。但我宁愿他明天来。即学即练Id rather he left (leave) me alone.2 She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OBGYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是She，became是系动词，the first woman是表语，不定式to be hired作后置定语，修饰woman。(2)不定式
50、(短语)作后置定语的情况：被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语；抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定语；被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时；表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，又有被动形式)；there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语。The next train to arrive is from Beijing.下一趟到达的火车来自
51、北京。Get him something to eat.给他拿点东西吃。I have no courage to try again after failure.失败后我没有勇气再去尝试一次。She is the only woman to have been elected to such a post.她是唯一一位当选这个职位的女性。There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担心的。即学即练He was the first farmer to_grow (grow) vegetables.3 At times she was even seen riding
52、a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。she是主语，was seen是谓语，riding a donkey是动词ing形式作主语补足语。(2)“感官动词宾语宾补”结构：常见的感官动词有 listen, watch, look, observe, see, hear, feel 等。“感官动词宾语宾补”结构的常见形式：He was seen to work in the garden yesterday.昨天有人看见他在花园里干活了。I heard
53、 someone opening the cabinet.我听见有人在开柜子。She is watching the computer being repaired.她在看别人修电脑。We felt the ground under our feet cave in.我们感觉脚下的土地下陷了。即学即练I was about to leave when I saw him running (run) towards me with a bag in his hand.4 Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother o
54、f ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime.,虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是she was known as the“mother of ten thousand babies”，前面是though引导的让步状语从句。having delivered.是动词ing形式的完成形式，在句中作状语。(2)动词ing 形式的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，常用作状语，一般不能作后置定语，但可作非限制性
55、的后置定语。This question, having been discussed for more than 2 years, has now been solved.讨论了两年多的这个问题现在已经解决了。(定语)I was unable to accept your invitation, having promised to accompany my mother to the concert.我因已答应陪我母亲去音乐会而不能接受你的邀请。(原因状语)Having finished the letter, he folded it and put it into the envelop
56、e.写完信后，他把信折起来装进了信封。(时间状语)即学即练Having_seen (see) the film twice，I decided to stay at home.考点集训三单句语法填空1Its getting late.Id rather that you left (leave) now.2He was the first scientist to_put (put) forward this theory.3I looked up and noticed a snake winding (wind) its way up the tree to catch its break
57、fast.4Having_answered (answer) the teachers questions，she sat down and felt much more relaxed.单词拼写1The people are sure to believe in you if you govern our country by morals (道德) and laws.2Whats more, thankfulness is also our traditional Chinese virtue (美德)3To illustrate (说明) the use of this method,
58、we now provide an example of the use of this method.4Therefore, we can come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious (宝贵的) as peace in the world.5We are planning to hold a party for our grandparents to celebrate their fiftieth anniversary of marriage (结婚)6The majority (大多数) of people take in to
59、o much fat and not enough fiber, which does great harm to their health.7Some of the senior students complained (抱怨)that they had no time to read because they had too much homework to do.8They are likely to respond (回应) positively to the Presidents request for aid.9The school isnt the most modern, bu
60、t it offers scholarships (奖学金) to poor students who wish to study but cant pay.10In addition to the school, the village has a clinic (诊所), which was also built with government support.单句语法填空1But even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them are (be) really friendly and Ive
61、made some good friends.2Im now writing to complain about the service of your hotel.3Teamwork teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different people.4Getting the most votes, Jack was appointed as monitor.5People under stress tend to_develop (develop) their full range of potential.6The most s
62、uccessful retired (retire) athletes are those who can apply the life skills they learned in sports to another area of life.7The thief was scared to death when hearing the gunshot.8I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other lesscompetitive events.9It has been my duty to help my mom take care of my little brothers and sisters.10Id rather you came (come) tomorrow than today.
