1、上一页下一页返回导航第六章 动词的语态上一页下一页返回导航知识梳理上一页下一页返回导航一、基本概念英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，相当于中文中的“被”字句。试对比“主动语态：He breaks the window.”与“被动语态：The window is broken by him.”。上一页下一页返回导航被动语态的构成：be及物动词的过去分词。be 动词随着时态的变化而变化。主动句改成被动句时，主动句中的宾语变成被动句的主语，谓语改成被动形式，主语可以改成by宾格形式或是直接省略，其余成分不变。如：We finished
2、 the task in time.我们按时完成了任务。主谓 宾The task was finished in time(by us).任务被(我们)按时完成了。主 谓上一页下一页返回导航二、各种时态的被动语态的构成结构时态形式助动词be的变化形式及物动词的过去分词例 句一般现在时am/is/are doneThe student is asked to clean the classroom.一般过去时was/were doneThe task was finishedyesterday.上一页下一页返回导航结构时态形式助动词be的变化形式及物动词的过去分词例 句一般将来时will/sha
3、ll be doneThe task will be finished in two months.过去将来时would be doneShe said that the task would be finished in time.上一页下一页返回导航结构时态形式助动词be的变化形式及物动词的过去分词例 句现在进行时am/is/are being doneThe room is being cleaned now.过去进行时was/were being doneThe wall was being paintedwhen I passed by.将来进行时/上一页下一页返回导航结构时态形式助
4、动词be的变化形式及物动词的过去分词例 句现在完成时have/has been doneThe task has already been finished.现在完成进行时/过去完成时had been doneThe task had been finishedbefore he came.上一页下一页返回导航结构时态形式助动词be的变化形式及物动词的过去分词例 句将来完成时will/shall have been doneThe task will have been finished before 12 a.m.tomorrow.上一页下一页返回导航注意：带有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态
5、动词be过去分词。The task can be finished in time.这项任务能及时完成。【翻译】他的妹妹在1998年离开家，自从那时起就再也没被听说过。His sister left home in 1998,and _ since then.has not been heard of上一页下一页返回导航三、主动形式表被动意义(1)某些系动词，如 smell,taste,feel,sound,look,prove,stay等，用主动形式表达被动意义，表主语的状态和特征。如：Cotton feels soft.棉摸起来很软。【翻译】你为什么不把肉放在冰箱里呢？那样会保质好几天。W
6、hy dont you put the meat in the fridge?It will _ fresh for several days.stay上一页下一页返回导航(2)某些不及物动词(其主语大多为事物)可以表达被动意义，这些不及物动词有下列几种：某些可以用来表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的不及物动词：shut,lock,open,move,read,write,sell,wear,blow,wash,clean,burn,catch,draw,peel,cut,tear,dry等，并通常接easily,well,perfectly等副词，或者与cant,wont连用。如：The do
7、or opens easily.这扇门很容易开。The pen writes well.这支笔很好写。The door wont shut.这扇门关不了。上一页下一页返回导航表开始、运动、结束的动词：begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,run等。School begins at 7：30 p.m.学校7点半开始上课。(3)在“be形容词to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时，用主动形式表被动，如：English is hard to learn.英语很难学习。(4)在be worth doing中，doing用主动形式表被动。如：This film i
8、s worth seeing twice.这部电影值得看两遍。上一页下一页返回导航(5)need doing/need to be done.如：The watch needs repairing/to be repaired.这块手表需要修理。上一页下一页返回导航四、被动形式表示主动意义be seated 坐着；be hidden 躲藏；be lost 迷路；be drunk 喝醉；be dressed 穿着；be lost in thought 陷入沉思；be addicted to 沉迷于；be buried in 专注(心);be used to习惯于；be married 结婚五、没
9、有被动形式的单词或短语take place;happen;break out;belong to;have;own上一页下一页返回导航课堂练习上一页下一页返回导航用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.This medicine _(taste)terrible.I hate it.2.Unless some extra money _(raise),the theater will close.3.This book _(publish)in 1981.4.The baby should _(take)good care of by the babysitter.5.Visitors _(requi
10、re)not to touch the exhibits.6.It is reported that a space station _(build)on the moon in years to come.tastesis raisedwas publishedbe takenare requiredwill be built上一页下一页返回导航7.Tom keeps telling his students that the future _(belong)to the welleducated.8.(2017年天津卷)Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging
11、 and swimming,_(regard)as one of the best allround forms of exercise.9.As a foreigner,I _(absorb)and charmed by the genuine warmth of welcome and unique culture during the trip.10.John,as well as the other children who have no parents _(take)good care of in the city now.11.This book _(sell)well and
12、is well worth _(read)belongs tois regardedwas absorbedis being takensellsreading上一页下一页返回导航12.(2018年江苏卷)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _(carry)in the past two years.13.All the machines _(clean)by the end of the following week.14.(2018年天津卷)My washing machine _(repair)this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.had been carriedwill have been cleanedis being repairedF i g h t i n g！高考加油，同学
