1、专题21 阅读填空方法与技巧题型特点1.文章的篇幅较短，词数多为280330，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。但是题目并不容易，很容易出错。2.考查对文章的结构的了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。解题方法通过对高考中“七选五”型阅读理原题以及大量同类试题研究可知，此类试题虽然新颖，但是也有其特有的解题规律，主要注重解题的窍门和方法，成功闯关，选准答案的难度并不大。将此方法归结为“通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确
2、定排除”五步解题法。以下就此方法进行分析，希望此方法能为同学们的解题提供助力。步骤一：通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因 为开门见山”与结尾总结的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的 了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方
3、式是否为结尾总结:式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段 与末段的提示作用。步骤二：详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。步骤三：定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将
4、所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。步骤四：通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。 在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清
5、晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。步骤五：确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。 在检查后，应再次查看所排除选项，进一步确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选。体验高考1.【2015北京卷】第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means
6、people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy._71_They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the import
7、ant things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. _72_ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise l
8、ooking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams._73_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved
9、in another taskpreferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling aslee
10、p._74_ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away._75_Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.B. They stare off into space and wander by themsel
11、ves.C. Without wandering minds, we wouldnt have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.F. Daydreams are often very simple and dir
12、ect, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.G. Therefore, its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.2. 【2015新课标全国II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual
13、increases in the length of the runs. 36 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in
14、them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37 . As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week,
15、set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After two weeks, start timing yourself. 40 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.A. After six daysB. For a good marathon runnerC. Before you begin your trainingD. Wi
16、th each day, increase the distance by a half mileE. If they still feel good, you can begin running in themF. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingG. Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time3. 【2015新课标全国I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Building Trust i
17、n a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 36 . Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately, weve all been
18、 victims of betrayal. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore, 37. Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get yo
19、u there.l 38 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.l 39 If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality
20、”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated.l You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 instead,
21、its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.A. Learn to really trust yourself.B. It is putting confidence in someone.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.E. Theyve been too badly hurt and th
22、ey cant bear to let it happen again.F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.模拟新题精选1.【江西省九江市七校2016届高三第一次联考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Balance Self-Care and Caring fo
23、r Others How do I balance Self-Care and Caring for Others? If you are asking this question , you are one of those people who tend to be selfless.36_ So, how do you strike a balance?Avoid killing the goose . 37_ In other words, you are going to kill the goose .If you work at a homeless shelter 50 hou
24、rs a week for two weeks and then quit because you are overwhelmed(累垮)，it wont do nearly as much good as if you work five hours a week all year around .Kind people usually fall into a trapthey try to do so much good but they dont realize that more is not always better .38_ You dont always have to sac
25、rifice a lot to do something good .This doesnt mean that personal sacrifice is bad , but giving a friend the money that you and your family need to spend on food or rent isnt a great plan .Sometimes you just need to take care of yourself and you family. You can still support and encourage friends ,b
26、ut you dont have to make deep sacrifices to care for someone.39_ This is something that every new parent eventually has to figure out : having that first date away from the child can be a guilty experience ,but it is better for the child to be sent to his or her grandparents once in a while so that
27、the parents can relax themselves and have a good time. Then the parents will come back better equipped to care for the childTaking care of yourself , 40_ ,is taking care of them .It makes you strong ,and then you can pass that strength on to them.A. Learn to care for others.B. Make reasonable sacrif
28、icesC. Let me praise the sweet side of your personalityD. Know the importance of self-care .E. If you are encouraging or supporting someone F. But you dont know when to stop caring for others and start caring for yourselfG. If you aggressively(过分地)give and never care for yourself ,you are going to b
29、urn out .2.【甘肃省西北师范大学附属中学2015届高三下学期第五次诊断】七选五：共 5 题 每题 2 分 共 10 分 16 When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure beats dance into view. The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up se
30、veral levels. 17 .The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. 18 It included such items as automobiles
31、and new houses.By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfactionthe feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human bodythis level s
32、tresses mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical care, and entertainment. 19On this level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to serv
33、ices, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best
34、 by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice. 20 In this way, we can enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.A.Then a third level appeared. B.Different people have different wants on each
35、level. C.There are several levels of wants in ones life. D.When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears E.At this stage, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure. F.Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing. G.Human wants
36、 seem endless.3.【安徽省合肥一中、芜湖一中等六校教育研究会2016届高三第一次联考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Noticing the signals that people send out with their body language is a very useful social skill. 3 6Fortunately, with a little extra attentiveness, you can learn to read body language, and with enough practi
37、ce itll become second nature. 3 7 The closer they are, the warmer they are thinking of you. The farther away that someone is,the less they actually care about the situation or person. If you move slightly closer to them, do they move slightly further away? That means they dont want your interaction
38、to be any more personal than it already is. 3 8 And if they respond by getting even closer to you, they probably really like you or are very comfortable around/by you. It is worth noting that personal space is culturally difference; keep in mind that what is considered close in one country is far aw
39、ay in another. Check their arms. 3 9 Though some people just cross their arms as a habit, it may indicate that the person is slightly reserved, uncomfortable with their appearance (In other words, self conscious and trying to cover it), or just trying to hide something on their shirt. If their arms
40、are crossed while their feet are shoulder width or wider apart, this is a position of toughness or authority. If someone rests their arms behind their neck or head, they are open to what is being discussed or just easy-going in general. If their hands are on their hips, they might be waiting, impati
41、ent or just tired. 4 0 A. If they dont move further away, then they are receptive. B. How to read body language needs to be learned. C. Some of us can read it naturally and some of us cant at all. D. If their hands are closed, they may be angry, or nervous. E. People with crossed arms are closing th
42、emselves to social influence. F. Pay attention to how close someone is to you. G. Some people tend not to move further away.4.【安徽省蚌埠市第二中学2016届高三12月月考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 There is a ton to love about college life: new friends, classes you may be thrilled about and new-found free
43、dom. All of a sudden you could do whatever you want, whenever you want. _36_You get homesick. _37_ A new place, unfamiliar faces, an increased mental workload adding stress on top of it all can be a difficult pill to swallow. This is your first time away from your habitual setting, the first time aw
44、ay from home for an indefinite period of time. Homesickness affects roughly 7% of higher education students. Thats a lot, and its also only the ones that have expressed some concern. _38_ You arent the first, nor the last, nor the only one with these feelings. Its completely natural, and to be expec
45、ted. Recognizing that there is something wrong is the first step. It can be difficult to call home or speak to an advisor about being homesick when everyone around you seems to be having the times of their lives. But remember the fact that there are a ton of others feeling the same way. _39_. Also,
46、in the age of everyone being connected via Face book and texting, it can be easy to retreat behind a wall of technology to communicate. _40_ It can reduce contact to the new atmosphere around them. A. So what does this mean? B. However, this may do more harm than good. C. You are not alone, so dont
47、feel too upset. D. It can give you a little helping hand to speak up. E. But then something you dont expect happens. F. So here are a few things to help get over those blues. G. Believe it or not, feeling homesick is completely normal for any college student.5.【贵州省遵义航天高级中学2016届高三第四次模拟】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项
48、中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix
49、 the mistake.Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal（出卖，背叛）. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. 37 Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. Its understandable, but if youre willing to build
50、trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.Learn to really trust yourself. Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. 38 If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of you
51、r circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated. 39 Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you st
52、ill have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.A. You didnt lose “everything”B. It is putting confidence in someone.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D. Sometimes people
53、simply cant trust any more.E. Remember that you can expect the best in return.F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened6.【辽宁省实验中学分校2016届高三12月月考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，有两项为多余选
54、项。Guide for Teenagers The teenage years can be tough, and its normal to feel sad every now and then. But if these feelings dont go away or become so intense that you cant handle them, you may be suffering from depression. 36.Try not to isolate yourselfWhen youre depressed, you may not feel like seei
55、ng anybody or doing anything. Just getting out of bed in the morning can be difficult, but isolating yourself only makes depression worse. 37 Spend time with friends, especially those who are active.Keep your body healthyMaking healthy lifestyle choices can do wonders for your mood. Ever heard of a
56、runners high? Physical activity can be as effective as medications for depression, so get involved in sports, ride your bike, or take a dance class. Any activity helps! 38As for food, make sure youre feeding your mind with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.Avoid alcohol and drugs.You ma
57、ybe try drinking or use drugs in an effort to escape from your feelings and get a mood boost, even if just for a short time. However, substance use can not only make depression worse, but can cause you to become more depressed. 39. You will need special treatment for your substance problem.40.Stress
58、 and worry can lead to depression. Talk to a teacher if exams or classes seem overwhelming. In addition, if you have a health concern you feel you cant talk to your parents about, see a doctor. A health professional can help you approach your parents and guide you toward appropriate treatment. If yo
59、ure dealing with relationship, friendship, or family problems, talk to an adult you trust.A. Ask for help if you are stressed.B. Even a short walk can be beneficial.C. Turn to your parents for help.D. As you get out into the world, you may find yourself feeling better.E. In short, drinking and takin
60、g drugs will make you feel worse-not better-in the long run.F. The more exercise you do, the healthier you will be.G. Help is available and you have more power than you think.7.【宁夏回族自治区银川一中2016届高三上学期第五次月考】 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多余选项。iPads vs. Textbooks What if you could have your whole
61、 backpack at the touch of your fingertips? In the first month of the Apple iPads release, 25million were sold! People all over the world use iPads for all sorts of different things, but one of their finest qualities is the ability to be a textbook. _36_To begin with, iPad are less expensive. Textboo
62、ks become outdated and schools have to buy new books, but with an iPad schools can update them for free. _37_ Schools dont have to spend $500 every year for iPads because they last a while and can be updated._38_ Students usually have multiple classes, which results in multiple textbooks. Heavy back
63、packs filled with books can cause back problem. A solution to that is an iPad， which only weighs 1.33 pounds and can hold all of a students textbooks.Third, schools should get rid of their textbooks and get iPads because they have more capabilities. Some might think all of the apps are distracting,
64、but the apps actually make iPads more efficient. _39_ Textbooks cannot do those tasks, but iPads can easily do them with just a tap of the fingertip.Lastly, iPads are a better choice for schools instead of textbooks because these devices allow students to access their learning anywhere at any time.
65、_40_ .With iPads, they find it easier to get their homework done.In conclusion, schools should get rid of their clumsy textbooks and switch to iPads. iPads have allowed this generation to have their entire backpack in the palm of their hands. A. Second, iPads cost less and are more popular. B. These
66、 tablets are perfect for busy students. C. Therefore, they can use the saved money for other programs. D. Moreover, in high school, textbooks have an average of 4.8 pounds each. E. iPads have already replaced textbooks in over 600 American counties. F. iPads absorb the need to buy calculators, dicti
67、onaries, and other items that are found within the device.G. Schools have every reason to do away with their school books and switch to iPads.8.【山东省枣庄市第三中学2016届高三12月质量检测】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。How Not to Be Awkward Not at all us are outgoing and ready to take the world by storm. 36
68、 This usually happens when a person is still in his or her teen years and going through the socialization process. So, what can a person do to overcome this tendency to be awkward? Lets try to find answers to the questions.Stay in shape and dress up well Sometimes, awkwardness could be due to being
69、overweight. When you are large in size, you tend to get very self-conscious. So, in order to avoid this, get into the habit of exercising every day. 37 If you look as if you have just stepped out of a 1980s film when actually it is 2011, there is no doubt that you are bound to feel awkward about you
70、rself? Be optimistic Another effective tip on how not to feel awkward is to always keep a smile on your face. 38 On the other hand, a smiling, happy and positive think person is appreciated by everybody. So, smile when you meet acquaintances or even strangers, say a cheerful “Hi!” and automatically
71、some of your awkwardness will disappear completely! Participate in team activities This one really helps. Awkwardness generally develops when a person remains isolated from others. So ,in order to change this situation, join groups. 39 Joining people in book reading sessions as well as debates will
72、help remove your awkwardness. Choose any activity of your choice, such as playing team sports or joining a dance class, and soon you will find your comfort level around people increasing day by day!Develop your personality Being a book-worm or an Internet addict will not get you anywhere. For self-i
73、mprovement, take up a hobby that adds meaning to your life. Learn singing or try adventure sports. 40 A. Learn how to end a conversation.B. Secondly, have appropriate clothes on.C. For instance, if you are a reading lover, join a book club.D. If you look sad, nobody will actually like being with you
74、.E. Something as simple as listening to music will do wonders too.F. Many among us are shy and may even feel kept apart from others.G. Awkwardness could be because you do not have anything in common to talk about. 9.【吉林省东北师范大学附属中学2016届高三上学期第二次模拟】 What do the worlds most successful people all have in
75、 common?By examining the work habits of over 150 greatest writers and artists and scientists, the researchers including Standford Professor Jeffrey Pfeffer found that high achievers like Robert Moses turn out to be all alike:Busy ! Busy! 36 In a study of general managers in industry, John Kotter rep
76、orted that many of them worked 60 to 65 hours per weekwhich translates into at least six 10-hour days. The ability and willingness to work difficult and tiring hours has characterized many powerful figures. Energy and strength provide many advantages to those seeking to build power.Just Say No!The d
77、ifference between successful people and very successful people is that very successful people say “no” to almost everything. And thats what gives them the time to accomplish so much. 37 And focus means saying “no” to a lot of distractions (分神). Know What You Are!Ignore your weakness and keep improvi
78、ng your strengths. Dont waste time exploring skill areas where you have little competence. Instead, focus onand build onyour strengths. 38 Create Good Luck!Luck is not magicalthere is a science to it. Richard Wiseman studied lucky people for his book Luck Factor, and broke down what they do right. 3
79、9 By being more outgoing, open to new ideas, following the feeling that something is true, being optimistic, lucky people create possibilities.Does applying these principles to your life actually work? Wiseman created a “luck school” to test the ideasand it was a success. In total, 80 percent of peo
80、ple who attended Luck School said that their luck had increased. 40 A. Spend enough time to improve your weakness.B. Achievement requires focus.C. On average, these people reported that their luck had increased by more than 40 percent.D. They never stop working and they never lose a minute.E. Busy p
81、eople are more likely to be lucky.F. This means knowing who you are, what you are and what you are good at.G. Certain personality types are luckier because they behave in a way that offers the chance for good opportunities.10.【江西省上高县第二中学2016届高三12月（第四次）月考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Many
82、 people think of guys as being carefree when it comes to their appearance. But in fact, a lot of guys spend plenty of time in front of the mirror. They care just as much as girls do about their body image. Body image is a persons opinions and feelings about his or her own body and physical appearanc
83、e. 36 You appreciate your body for its capabilities and accept its imperfections. 37 Here are some ideas. Recognize your strengths. Different body types are good for different things. What does your body do well? Maybe your speed, strength, or coordination makes you better than others at a certain s
84、port. That may be basketball, table tennis, mountain biking, dancing, or even running. Or perhaps you have non-sports skills, like drawing, painting, singing, playing a musical instrument, writing, or acting. 38 Exercise regularly. Exercise can help you look well and feel good about yourself. Good p
85、hysiques (体形) dont just happen. 39 A healthy habit can be as simple as exercising 20 minutes to 1 hour three days a week. Working out can also lift your spirits. Respect your body! Practicing good habits regular showering; taking care of your teeth, hair, and skin; wearing clean clothes, and so on c
86、an help you build a positive body image. 40 Your body is just one part of who you are. Your talent for comedy a quick wisdom and all the other things make you unique. So try not to let small imperfections take over.A. Having a positive body image means feeling satisfied with the way you look. B. The
87、 good news is that self-image and body image can be changed.C. Use this as an opportunity to discover what youre good at.D. Just explore talents that you feel good about.E. They take hard work, regular workouts, and a healthy diet.F. Be yourself.G. So, what can you do to develop a positive body image?
