1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。选修8Unit 1A land of diversity. 细品味经典文章(2019浙江高考)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素). The number of trees la
2、rger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the num
3、ber of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into t
4、he woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源). But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a wides
5、pread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees
6、 were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪). Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause
7、trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. . 按要求完成任务1. 写出文章中与本单元话题有关的单词和短语。climate change, forests, northern coast, contribute to, wildfire, resources, wildlands, woodcutting, dampness of soil, snowmelt2. 写出文章中的
8、优美句式。Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into accou
9、nt such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt. 重点单词巧记. 核心单词1. despiteprep. 尽管; 不管2. illustratevt. 说明; 阐明3. occur vi. 发生; 出现4. bakeryn. 面包房; 面包厂5. anglen. 角; 角度6. civiladj. 公民的; 国内的; 民间的7. hirevt. &n. 租用; 雇用8. graspvt. &n. 抓住; 抓紧; 掌握; 领会9. authorityn. 权威; 权
10、力(pl. )当局; 官方10. reformvt. &vi. 改革; 革新n. 改革; 改造; 改良11. justicen. 正义; 公平12. shavevt. &vi. 刮; 剃13. straitn. 海峡14. nephewn. 侄子; 外甥15. polen. 地极; 电极; 磁极16. cattlen. 牛(总称). 拓展单词1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 明显的; 明确的distinction n. 差别; 区分; 卓著2. immigrate vi. 移入(外国定居)immigrant n. (从外国移入的)移民immigration n. 移民; 移居入境3.
11、 mean v. 意思是; 意味着 adj. 吝啬的; 卑鄙的 means n. 方法; 手段meaning n. 意思; 意义4. major adj. 主要的vi. 主修 n. 专业majority n. 大多数; 大半 minority n. 少数5. elect vt. 选择; 决定做某事; 选举某人election n. 选举6. percent adj. 百分之的percentage n. 百分比; 百分率7. race n. 种族; 竞争racial adj. 人种的; 种族的8. cross n. 十字; 交叉 adj. 交叉的; 生气的 v. 使交叉; 横过crossing
12、n. 横渡; 横越; 十字路口; 人行横道across prep. 在对面9. apply vi. 申请 applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请书; 申请10. thank v. 感谢; 感激thankful adj感激的; 感谢的11. society n. 社会social adj. 社会的socialist n. 社会主义者; 社会党人 adj. 社会主义的socialism n. 社会主义12. indicate vt. 指出; 标示; 表明; 暗示indicator n. 指示器; 指示信号 indication n. 迹象; 标示13. apparen
13、t adj. 显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的apparently adv. 显然地; 显而易见地14. conduct v. 管理conductor n. (公车)售票员; 列车员; (乐队)指挥15. slip vi. 滑动; 滑行; 滑跤 n. 滑动; 滑倒 slippery adj. 滑的16. punish vt. 惩罚; 处罚punishment n. 惩罚; 处罚核心短语闪记1. live on 继续存在; 继续生存2. by means of. . . 用办法; 借助3. keep up坚持; 维持; 沿袭(风俗、传统等)4. mark out 用线画出范围; 标出界线5. t
14、ake in包括; 吸收6. apply for申请; 请示得到7. occur to sb. 某人突然想到8. make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等9. team up with与合作或一起工作10. back to back背靠背11. a great/good many许多; 很多12. the majority of大多数经典句式速记1. 【句型公式】: It is/was likely that. . . 有可能However, it is likely that(有可能)Native Americans were living in California at leas
15、t fifteen thousand years ago. 2. 【句型公式】: why引导的表语从句That is why(那就是为什么)today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 3. 【句型公式】: It is/was +过去分词+that. . . 人们/据It is believed that(人们认为)before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct maj
16、or racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 1. 单复数意义不同的名词小结manner(方式)manners(礼貌)paper(纸)papers(文件)art(艺术)arts(文科)arm(手臂)arms(武器)work(工作)works(作品)2. -ing名词后缀training 训练 belongings财产, 所有物feeling感觉 meaning意义wedding婚礼 painting绘画作品saying格言; 警句 building建筑物. 重点词汇1. majori
17、ty n. 大多数; 大半【教材原句】Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. (P2)在首批移居加州的西班牙人中, 大多数人是宗教人士, 他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。【词块必记】(1)the majority of 大多数be in the/a majority 占大多数; 构成大部分(2)major in 主修 (3)minor adj. 较少的;
18、次要的(4)major adj. 主要的; 多数的; 重要的; 主修的 v. 主修n. 主修课程 【误区释疑】(1)the majority单独作主语时, 谓语动词可用单数也可用复数; “the/a majority of+名词”作主语时, 谓语动词的数与of后面名词的数保持一致。(2)the majority of修饰的名词通常不带冠词, 但若需特指也可带定冠词。The majority of the land has been destroyed so far. 到目前为止, 大部分土地已被破坏。Some of the plays told sad stories, but the maj
19、ority of the plays were really funny. 有些剧本讲的是悲伤的故事, 但大多数的剧本都很有趣。【语境速测】 完成句子The students major in art and literature in college. 这些学生在大学主修艺术和文学。The majority of them will work in the areas related to the majors after graduation. 他们中的大多数人毕业后将会在和这些专业有关的领域工作。句式升级用定语从句连接: The majority of the students who
20、major in art and literature in college will work in the areas related to the majors after graduation. 【写作金句】The majority of the collections are some delicate Chinese vases, which appeal to visitors from all over the world. 大多数的收藏品是一些精美的中国花瓶, 吸引着来自世界各地的游客。单句语法填空Only a minority of people in that city
21、do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are in the majority. I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major in the gardening after attending college. 2. means n. 手段; 方法【教材原句】Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the
22、 Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. (P2)科学家认为, 这些迁居者通过史前时代曾经存在的陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。【词块必记】(1)by means of用办法; 借助by no means 绝不(2)mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing意味着【巧学助记】I meant to return the book to the library, but I forgot, which meant waiting for another d
23、ay. By no means shall I forget it again. 我本来打算把书还给图书馆的, 但我忘了, 这就意味着要再等一天。我绝不会再忘了。【语境速测】 单句语法填空This is a two-year course taught by means of lectures and seminars. 同义句转换Every possible means has been tried, but none works. All possible means have been tried, but none works. 一句多译此外, 惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健
24、康成长的明智选择。Furthermore, punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow healthily mentally and physically. Furthermore, by no means is punishment a wise choice to help them grow healthily mentally and physically. 3. occur vi. (occurring/occurred)发生; 出现【典型例句】About 400 earthquakes occur worldw
25、ide every day, more than a hundred thousand in a year. 世界各地每天发生大约400次地震, 每年超过10万次。【词块必记】sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that 某人突然想起It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事【知识拓展】 表示“某人突然想起”的句式还有: sth. strike(s)/hit(s) sb. , sb. hit(s)/strike(s) on sth. , sth. come(s) to sb. , st
26、h. come(s) into ones mind等。【语境速测】 单句语法填空The idea occurred to him in a dream. It occurred to me that she didnt know I had moved into the new house. It didnt occur to her to ask(ask) for help. If the climate gets drier, the logical conclusion is that even more drought will occur(occur). 用take place, h
27、appen, occur的适当形式填空I was in half way when it occurred to me that I had left my notebook home, so I had to fetch it. I happened to be there when the celebration took place. . 核心短语4. make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等; 谋生【典型例句】The man who can make a life by his hobby is happy. 以爱好谋生的人是幸福的。【词块必记】come to life苏醒过来
28、, 恢复生气; 变得更有趣; 变得活跃come back to life苏醒过来; 死而复生bring. . . back to life使苏醒过来; 使复活live/lead a. . . life过着的生活【语境速测】 单句语法填空In this fiction, the doctors brought the girl back to life. The operation should enable Bobby to lead/live(lead/live) a normal life. They went to London and decided to make a life th
29、ere. 完成句子When Alice came (back) to life, she didnt know how long she had been lying here. 当爱丽丝苏醒时, 她不知道她已经在这里躺了多久。5. take in 包括; 吸收; 吸入; 收留, 留宿; 理解; 欺骗; 观看【典型例句】My house is full; I cant take in any more guests. 我的房子已(客)满, 不能再容纳更多的客人了。【词块必记】take down拆除; 写下take off起飞; 迅速流行; 脱下、摘下take on雇用; 呈现(外观)take
30、over接替、接任take up继续; 占据(时间、空间); 开始从事【语境速测】 写出下列句中黑体部分的含义This is the total cost of the holiday, taking everything in. (包括)Dont be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. (欺骗)It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying. (理解)He was homeless, so we took him in
31、.(收留)(收留)They will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid. (吸收)(吸收). 经典句式6. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人们认为 , 要不了多久, 民族融合将会非常之大, 以至于不可能存
32、在明显的主要的种族或文化群体, 而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。【句型公式】“It be +过去分词+that 从句”可以改写为“从句主语+be +过去分词+不定式”It is believed that education is the most important issue facing the government. Education is believed to be the most important issue facing the government. 教育被认为是政府面临的最重要的问题。此类常用句式有: It is thought that . . . 据认为It is
33、believed that . . . 人们相信It is reported that . . . 据报道It is hoped that . . . 人们希望It is well-known that . . . 众所周知【语境速测】 完成句子It is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages. 人们普遍认为信息技术既有优点又有缺点。It is said that a military exercise will be held between the two countries. 据说两国之间将举行一
34、次军事演习。The new mayor is said to come into power next month. 据说新市长下个月上任。It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled. 人们希望这种可怕的疾病能很快得到控制。【写作金句】Its well-known that “Where there is a will, there is a way. ”众所周知, “有志者事竟成。”(开头句)It is hoped that these suggestions would be of great help to
35、you. 希望这些建议能对你有很大帮助。(总结句)【备选要点】1. elect vt. 选择; 决定做某事; 选举某人【典型例句】The people of the Philippines have voted to elect a new president. 菲律宾人民已投票选举出了一位新总统。【词块必记】(1)elect sb. (as/to be)+职位=sb. be elected (as/to be)+职位选举某人为(职位前无冠词)elect to do sth. 决定做某事(2)election n. 选举【语境速测】 单句语法填空She became the first bla
36、ck woman who was elected as Member of Parliament to the Senate. If I am lucky enough to win the election (elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students after-class activities. Those electing to smoke(smoke)will be seated at the rear. 2. hire vt. &n. 租用; 雇用【典型例句】The rest of the staff ha
37、ve been hired on short-term contracts. 其余的工作人员签的是短期雇用合同。【词块必记】(1)hire sth. out (to sb. )把租出去(给某人)(2)on hire出租for hire可供出租【语境速测】 单句语法填空In December 2018, I was hired (hire) as a hotel manager and moved here full time. There are three small boats available for hire. David used to hire his car out when
38、he didnt need it himself. The doctor has been hired(hire) to raise peoples awareness of health since the outbreak of the flu. 3. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society. 当1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候, 它已经是一个有着多种文化的社
39、会了。【句型公式】(1)by the time+从句, 意为“当的时候”, 如果主句动作不强调已经完成, 只是说明过去某个时候的状况, 主句常用一般过去时。(2)by the time引导时间状语从句, 意为“到时候为止”。by the time+一般过去时, 主句常用过去完成时。by the time+一般现在时(表将来), 主句常用将来完成时。【语境速测】 单句语法填空By the time the manager arrived, the staff had left(leave) the company. By the time they get here, we will have
40、finished(finish) the work. By the time he went abroad, he was(be) fourteen. 完成句子By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone. 等我到达火车站时, 火车已经开走了。【写作金句】The students will have learned more than 3, 000 idioms by the time the new term begins. 到新的学期开始, 这些学生将学完了3 000多个习语。. 单句语法填空1. (2020新高考
41、全国卷)However, the majority (major) of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 2. (2020浙江高考)I couldnt see Don, but as I approached the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently (apparent) unhurt, and dashed back to me. 3. (2020全国卷)We are the products of evolution, and not just ev
42、olution that occurred(occur) billions of years ago. 4. (2020天津高考)I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed. 5. (2019全国卷)Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams t
43、o women all over the world, which means (mean) Chinese women are not just consumers of fashionthey are central to its movement. . 完成句子1. In other words, English weather-speak is a means of social bonding. 换句话说, 英语中谈论天气是一种社交的方式。2. It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office. 他
44、突然想到他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。3. If I am lucky to be elected, I will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club. 如果我有幸当选, 我将尽全力为学生们和我们俱乐部的利益服务。4. He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team. 他可能会赢得比赛, 那样的话他就很可能进入国家队了。5. The agreement indicates tha
45、t the two companies will team up with each other again. 这个协议表明两家公司将会再次合作。. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)It 1. is believed (believe) that a great many people have bought things through the Internet. 2. The majority of them have the experience of 3. being taken(take) in. What 4. has occurred (occur) to them is re
46、ally unpleasant. 5. Apparently (apparent), it is one of the 6. disadvantages (advantage) of the Internet purchase. However, people 7. who buy things 8. by means of the Internet are also 9. thankful (thank) to it for its convenience and 10. lower (low) prices than physical shops. 关闭Word文档返回原板块- 18 - 版权所有高考资源网
