1、Section Learning about Language&Using Language.核心单词根据词义写出正确的单词1n.遗憾；懊悔vt.遗憾；惋惜2n.害虫；害兽；害鸟3n.土壤4n.根；根源5n.焦点；中心点vt.集中；聚焦6vt.减少；减缩7n.评论；议论 vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论8vt.画底线标出；强调regretpestsoilrootfocusreducecommentunderline.拓展词汇根据词义写出正确的单词，并牢记拓展词汇1vt.使迷惑；使为难confusing adj.令人迷惑的confused adj.感到迷惑的confusion n迷惑2adj.化
2、学的；关于化学的chemistry n化学chemist n化学家；药剂师3n生产；制造produce vt.生产；制造producer n生产者；制片人4n发现；发觉discover vt.发现；发觉；观察，观测5n总结；摘要；概要summarize vt.总结；概述confusechemicalproductiondiscoverysummary.阅读词汇写出下列单词的汉语意义1organic adj.2fertilizer n.3bacteria n.(bacterium的复数形式)4nutrition n.5mineral n.6skim vt.7industrial adj.8soy
3、bean n.有机的；器官的；组织的肥料；化肥细菌营养；滋养；食物矿物；矿石浏览工业的；产业的大豆.重点短语根据汉语意思补全短语1需要2逐渐增强；建立；开发3导致；造成(后果)4另外5集中(注意力、精力等)于6使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)in need ofbuild uplead toin additionfocus onkeep.free from/of.重点句型1句型公式：v.-ing作结果状语Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，for crops such as w
4、heat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。making it ready2句型公式：完成进行时have been doingRecently,however,scientists that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and,even more dangerous，to peoples health.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土壤受损
5、，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。have been finding3句型公式：too.to.“太而不能”In addition,fruit,vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow full of much nutrition.too fast to beRead the text(P14)carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.Read the text and match the main idea of
6、 each paragraph.Para.1 AProblems caused by chemical fertilizers.Para.2BFarmers and customers turn to organic farming.Para.3CLong-term use of chemical fertilizers can cause damage to the land and peoples health.Para.4DOther methods to keep the soil fertile.CABD.Read the text carefully and choose the
7、best answer.1From the passage,we can see organic farmers are those who _.Agrow crops with chemical fertilizersBgrow crops with natural fertilizersCproduce organic fertilizersDcare for the environment答案：B2From the fourth paragraph,we know that _.Aits not good to plant grass between cropsBpeanuts use
8、the surface of soilCpeas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheatDvegetables that put down deep roots are harmful to the soil答案：B3_ so that the soil may not get exhausted.AFarmers grow the same crops year after yearBFarmers use natural fertilizersCFarmers change crops every two or t
9、hree yearsDFarmers use chemical fertilizers答案：C4How many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healthy?A3.B4.C5.D6.答案：BCHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?Over the past half century,using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming.【1】Many farmers welcomed them as a grea
10、t way to stop crop disease and increase production.Recently,however,scientists have been finding【2】that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and,even more dangerous,to peoples health.【1】“over the past时间段”常与现在完成时连用；v-ing短语using chemical fertilizers在此作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。【2】此处使用了现在
11、完成进行时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，而且还会继续进行。What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers【3】？First,they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time.This affects crops and,therefore,animal
12、s and humans,since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off.These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.In addition,fruit,vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually gr
13、ow too fast to be full of much nutrition.【4】They may look beautiful,but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.【3】过去分词短语caused by chemical fertilizers作后置定语，相当于定语从句that/which are caused by chemical fertilizers。【4】本句中过去分词短语grown with chemical fertilizers作后置定语，相当于定语从句that/which a
14、re grown with chemical fertilizers;本句中还包含一个“too.to.”结构，表示“太而不能”。With these discoveries，some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.A healthy soil reduc
15、es disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.Organic farmers,therefore,often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer.They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile.This also keeps the air,soil,water and crops free fromchemicals.Organic f
16、armers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile【5】.They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years,for example,growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans【6】.Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil,making it ready for cr
17、ops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil【7】.Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil,for example,planting peanuts that use the grounds surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots【8】.Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to preve
18、nt wind or water from carrying away the soil,and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer【9】for the next years crop.These many different organic farming methods have the same goal:to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or peoples health【10】【5】动词不定式短语to keep the soil
19、 fertile作目的状语；其中keep the soil fertile是“keep宾语宾补”结构。【6】the next year与peas or soybeans之间省略了growing。【7】现在分词短语making it ready for crops.soil作结果状语，该现在分词短语同时也属于“make宾语宾补”结构；其中还包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词wheat or corn。【8】that use the grounds surface.deep roots为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词peanuts;其中followed by vegetables.de
20、ep roots为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the grounds surface;该过去分词短语中还包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词vegetables。【9】此处为“leave宾语宾补”结构，动词不定式短语to become a natural fertilizer作宾补。【10】动词不定式短语to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or peoples health作goal的同位语，说明goal的具体内容。词语积累chemical/kemkl/adj.化学的；关于化学的organic/nk/adj.有机的；器
21、官的；组织的organic farming有机耕作fertilizer/ftlaz/n.肥料；化肥production/prdn/n/生产；制造bacteria/bktr/n.(bacterium/bktrm/的复数形式)细菌pest/pest/n.害虫；害兽；害鸟wash off 洗掉build up逐渐增强；建立；开发lead to 导致；造成(后果)nutrition/njutrn/n.营养；滋养；食物nutritious/njutrs/adj.有营养的，营养丰富的mineral/mnrl/n.矿物；矿石discovery/dskvr/n.发现；发觉focus on(concentrat
22、e on)集中(注意力、精力等)于soil/sl/n.土壤reduce/rdjus/vt.减少；减缩fertile/ftal/adj.肥沃的，富饶的keep.free from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)soybean/sbin/n.(soyabean)大豆root/rut/n.根；根源【核心素养链接文化采风】有机耕作的特点1庄稼品种：选择合适的品种，如抗病、抗虫品种。(注意：非基因工程产品)2栽培方式：轮作、间作、套作。3耕作技术：改进耕作技术，也可适时采用免耕等技术。4田间管理：注意不使用化学合成肥料、农药、植物生长调节剂等。肥料：使用有机肥(腐殖质管理)和豆科植物(利
23、用互利共生原理固氮)。病虫害管理：物理防治(如黄板诱杀某些害虫、黑光灯诱杀某些害虫)和生物防治(利用天敌防治害虫)。除草：不使用除草剂，可采用中耕除草等传统方法。5与养殖业关系：使用农作物秸秆或青饲料饲养动物。6其他：提高生态系统的生物多样性。课文翻译化学耕作还是有机耕作？在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。很多农民欣然接受(使用)化肥，把化肥作为防止农作物疾病和提高产量的重要手段。然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会破坏土地，甚至更为危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。化肥引起的问题有哪些呢？首先，它们在杀死有害的细菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。化学物质
24、还会在土壤里和地下水中停留很长时间。这影响到庄稼，从而也会影响到动物和人，因为化学物质会进入到农作物里面，而不能被冲洗掉。随着时间的推移，食物供应中的这些化学物质会在人体中逐渐增多。这些化学物质中的很多会导致癌症或其他疾病。除此之外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常因为生长得太快而营养不足。它们可能看起来美丽，但是里面通常含的更多的是水分而不是维生素和矿物质。由于这些发现，一些农民和许多消费者开始转向有机耕作。有机耕作是不用任何化学物质的简单耕作。他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。健康的土壤会减少病害并且帮助农作物茁壮健康地成长。因此，使用有机耕作的农民们通常爱使用天然的动物粪便当作肥料。
25、他们认为这可以让地里的土壤更富含矿物质，变得更肥沃。这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。使用有机耕作的农民还使用很多其他的方法来使土壤保持肥沃。在每一块地里，他们通常每隔几年就换种农作物，比如在种玉米或小麦后的一年种豌豆或大豆。像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤中，使土地适合种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。使用有机耕作的农民还利用不同层次的土壤来种植农作物，比如，先种植生长在浅层土壤的花生，然后再种植扎根于深层土壤的蔬菜。一些使用有机耕作的农民喜欢在农作物之间种草，以防止风或水使土壤流失，并且把草留在地里，成为来年农作物的天然肥料。这些很多不同的有机耕作
26、方法有着共同的目标：种植好的粮食，避免损害环境或者人们的健康。第一板块|核心词汇诠释1confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难(教材P13)It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.重新解释一下很重要，否则我们会让学生们感到困惑。(1)confuse A with/and B 把A与B混淆(2)confused adj.(人)不知所措的；困惑的be confused about.对感到困惑(3)confusing adj.(事/物)令人困惑的；难懂的The old man is always conf
27、using the boy with his younger brother.老人总是把男孩和他的弟弟混淆。I would often get confused when I came across new words with a similar spelling.当遇到拼写相似的生词时，我常常感到困惑。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)(confuse)by the question,the boy turned to his teacher for further explanation.(2)I always confuse John his brother；they are so much
28、 alike.微写作2018 全国卷I书面表达我对中国的餐桌礼仪非常困惑，如果你给我一些在晚宴上如何行为得体的一些建议我将感激不尽。I.Id appreciate it if you can give me some tips on how to behave properly at a dinner party.Confusedwitham quite confused by Chinese table manners语境串记：They confused me by asking so many confusingquestions.I was totally confused,standi
29、ng there in confusion,not knowing what to do.他们问了许多难以理解的问题，使我迷惑不解。我彻底糊涂了，迷茫地站在那儿，不知所措。2.regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 nU，C遗憾；懊悔(教材P13)His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad.他爸爸说他从不后悔送他儿子出国学习。(1)regret doing sth.regret having done sth.后悔做了某事regret to do sth.遗憾将要做某事(2)much to on
30、es regret 让某人深感遗憾的是with regret 遗憾地If we dont take action to protect the environment,well live to regret it.如果我们现在不采取措施保护环境的话，我们将抱憾终身。Much to our regret，we will not be able to visit you next year.让我们深感遗憾的是，我们明年不能去拜访你了。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)Jerry did not regret(give)the comment but felt that he could have exp
31、ressed it differently.(2)We regret(inform)you that we cannot help you.(3)I refused his invitation to his birthday party regret.givingto informwith语境串记：I regretted to tell her that she had been dismissed.Much to my regret,she said to me,“I have no regret.I only regret having taken the wrong job.”我很遗憾
32、地告诉她她被解雇了，让我深感遗憾的是，她对我说：“我没有任何遗憾，我只是后悔选错了工作。”3.build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发(教材P14)These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学物质会在人体中逐渐积累。put up 张贴；举起；建造；提供食宿set up 建立；开办give up 放弃add up 加起来Their achievements have built up my confidence and determination in my care
33、er.他们取得的成就增强了我对事业的信心和决心。They have set up an organization to help the poor.他们已成立了一个组织来帮助穷人。即学即练 微写作积极参加体育和户外活动确实有助于强身健体和丰富我们的学校生活。Taking an active part in sports and outdoor activities are of great help to.build up our body and enrich our school life语境助记：In his opinion,practising Chinese kung fu can
34、not only build up his body,but build up his confidence.在他看来，练习中国功夫不仅能增强他的体质，而且能增强他的信心。发散思维：to为介词的短语荟萃(1)lead to 导致；造成(2)look forward to 盼望(3)be used to 习惯于(4)get down to 开始做，着手做4.lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通向(教材P14)Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.这里面有很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。lead sb.to
35、do.使某人做lead sb.to.带某人去lead the way带路lead sb.by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走As the old saying goes，“All roads lead to Rome.”常言道，条条大道通罗马。In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to practice speaking English in an interesting way.在课堂上我会把学生分成小组用有趣的方法让他们练习说英语。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)The discovery o
36、f new evidence led to the thiefs(catch)(2)He led me(believe)that he had a lot of influence.微写作众所周知，成功在于努力，然而懒惰导致失败。As we all know,success lies in hard work.being caughtto believewhile laziness leads to failure归纳助记：“集中注意力于”的短语聚会：pay attention to.fix ones attention on.concentrate ones attention on.foc
37、us ones attention on.5.focus n焦点；中心点 vt.集中；聚焦(教材P14)They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.他们关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。(1)focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于focus/fix ones attention on sth.把注意力集中到(2)the focus of attention 关注的焦点To lead a happy life in the future，you should focus more on your career while
38、 you are young.为了将来过上幸福的生活，趁着年轻你应该多关注你的事业。As is known to us,children are the focus of families,shouldering the hope of their parents.众所周知，孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)2018全国卷Today,many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusingChinese traditions.(2)With his atten
39、tion(focus)on his homework,he forgot all about what I had told him.onfocused一句多译他担心的事太多，无法专心学习。(1)With so many things to be worried about,he couldnt study.(focus)(2)With so many things to be worried about,he couldnt.(concentrate)focus(his attention)onconcentrate on study对比记忆：reduce的反义词：increaserise/
40、increaseto.增加到by.增加了Luckily,their salary has increased by 20 percent since last year.幸运的是，自从去年，他们的工资增加了20%。6.reduce vt.减少；减缩；减弱(教材P14)A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.肥沃的土壤减少了病虫害并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。reduce to.减少到/降低到reduce by.减少了/降低了If you want to lose weight,try to re
41、duce the amount of fat in your diet.如果你想减肥，请尽量减少饮食中的脂肪。All the shirts in this shop were reduced to 10 lastSunday.上周日这个店里的所有衬衫都减至10英镑。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed forty kilometres an hour.(2)If you buy more than ten,they will the price 10 ment n.C，U评论；议论 vi.&vt.表达意见；作出
42、评论(教材P15)Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.和你的搭档交换摘要并互作评论。(1)No comment!无可奉告！make comments/a comment about/on.对加以评论(2)comment on.对发表评论comment that.评论说He is an outspoken man and prefers to make comments oncurrent affairs.他是一个直言不讳的人，喜欢评论时事。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)Miss Li went through
43、 my composition and made some useful(comment)about it.(2)I have no right to comment the mentson语境助记：He seldom makes comments on otherspersonal affairs so when someone asks him,his answer is“No comment”.他很少对他人的私事作评论，所以当有人问他时，他的答案是“无可奉告”。第二板块|重点句型解构1句型公式：现在完成进行时(教材P14)Recently，however，scientists have
44、been findingthat long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to peoples health.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。have been finding是现在完成进行时，现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。Tom，who has been learning English for many years，is fluent in Spoken E
45、nglish now.汤姆多年来一直学英语，现在英语口语很流利。No wonder you are so tired.You have been working all day.难怪你这么累，你已经工作一天了。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)The students(work)hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.(2)2019江苏卷The musician along with his band members(give)ten performances in the la
46、st three months.,have been workinghas given易混辨析：现在完成进行时/现在完成时现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性He has been thinking it over.他一直在考虑这件事。现在完成时强调过去的行为对现在的影响He has thought it over.他已经考虑过这件事了。现在完成进行时表示动作的反复Have you been meeting him lately?你最近经常见他吗？现在完成时不表示动作的反复Have you met him lately?你最近见过他吗？2.句型公式：现在分词作结果状语(教材P14)Crops suc
47、h as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil,making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果；Many people moved to New York，making it the largest city in the US.A.很多人去了纽约
48、，使之成为美国最大的城市。He cut off the wire,preventing(prevent)a big fire.他剪断电线，阻止了一场大火。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)He was so angry that he threw the toy on the floor，(break)it into pieces.(2)His parents died early,(leave)him an orphan.breakingleaving主编点睛：不定式短语作结果状语表示偶然的、意料之外的结果，且前面常有only修饰。I arrived at the destination，only
49、 to find the others had already left.我到了目的地，却发现其他人都已离开了。.单词拼写1China(出口)this special strain of super hybrid rice to many other countries last year.2Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the(焦点)of attention/concern.3Good(营养)is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery.4Yu
50、an Longping(努力)for decades for hungry people in many parts of the world.exportedfocusnutritionhas struggled5The man found an excellent method to increase the production without(延长)the work time.6They didnt finish the project on time;I(后悔)that I didnt give them a hand.7Billy has been praised for his
51、ability to observe people andevents around him and make fair(评论)8It is well known that giving up smoking can(减少)the risk of heart disease.9At the end of the news,they often give you a(总结)of the main news stories.10We made some interesting(发现)about our own family.expandingregrettedcommentreducesummar
52、ydiscoveries.选词填空keep.free from；rid.of；be rich in；graduate from；turn to；thanks to；build up；lead a quiet life1 her hard work,she has got the chance to enter the national key.2I love apples because they vitamin C.3I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to myself bad habits.4He i
53、s working out hard to his body.Thanks toare rich inridofbuild up5She wanted to,so she decided to live in the countryside.6My teacher an American college with a degree in English literature ten years ago.7The country girl tried her best to work hard to herself poorness.8Frank promised me that if I ev
54、er needed help I could alwayshim.lead a quiet lifegraducted fromkeepfree fromturn to.完成句子1His hard training a gold in the Olympic Games.他的刻苦训练使他在奥运会上获得金牌成为可能。2He would apologize to his boss.他宁愿失去他的工作也不愿意向老板道歉。3 is very important,especially on such particular days.(focus)集中注意力学习是很重要的，尤其是在这样特殊的日子里。mak
55、es it possible for him to winrather lose his job thanFocusing on your study4The man had his coffee and left,which made me surprised.这名男子喝了咖啡，没有付钱就离开了，这使我很惊讶。5She a deep sleep,it was already 9 am and that she was late.她从沉睡中醒来，发现已经是早上 9 点了，她迟到了。without payingawoke fromrealizing.课文语法填空Over the past hal
56、f century,it has become very common for farmers to use chemical fertilizers in farming.Its a great way to stop crop disease and increase 1.(produce).Recently,however,scientists 2.(find)that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and make people 3.(health).There are lots of p
57、roblems caused by chemical fertilizers.productionhave been findinghealthyTherefore some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming,which is 4.(simple)farming without using any chemicals.Farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free 5.disease by using different methods.Fo
58、r example,they prefer using natural waste from 6.(animal)as fertilizer.They often change 7.kind of crop in each field every few years.They also plant crops 8.(use)different levels of soil.Whats more,they prefer planting grass between crops to prevent the soil from 9.(carry)away by wind or water.10.(they)goal is to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or peoples health.simplyfrom/ofanimalstheto usebeing carriedTheir
