1、北京市海淀区2021届高三英语上学期期末质量检测试题（含解析）本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Brittany was having one of those days when things just kept going wrong. She was tired and stressed as she l
2、eft football practice with all three of her kids. With everyone worn out from the busy day, Brittany decided to _1_ dinner from the McDonalds on their way home. Wyatt was the teenager working there who took her _2_ that day.As Brittany pulled up to the drive-through window to pay, all her kids were
3、crying for one reason or another. And thats when it _3_ Brittany: Shed left her purse at home.She looked at the young man with tears in eyes just from being _4_ and annoyed and said, “I am so sorry but I have to cancel that order. I left my purse at home when we went to football tonight.”Before Brit
4、tany could say anything, Wyatt pulled out his wallet, swiped his card, and paid for the meal. As a teenager working at McDonalds, Wyatt probably doesnt _5_ much. Yet, he firmly declined all of Brittanys _6_ to return and pay him back.While Wyatt _7_ shrugged off what he did, Brittany knew this is ju
5、st the kind of hope our world needs right now. So, she snapped a quick photo and shared her story on social media.“I just want his parents to know how KIND & COMPASSIONATE their son was tonight! He made me realize this is exactly what we parents are trying to do_8_ great humans,” she wrote.After con
6、necting with Wyatts mom, Brittany discovered Wyatt was saving up for a vehicle. So she started a fundraising campaign online to help the teen realize his dream. Strangers from all over the country loved Brittanys story. The humble teenager _9_ and encouraged them. Before long, Brittany collected ove
7、r $40,000 from the fundraiser!“I dont know how to put it into words because of just how crazy it was,” Wyatt said. “Its just a small act of _10_ and everything blew up and its just amazing to think that something like that can get you this far.”1. A. cookB. haveC. grabD. serve2. A. placeB. wordC. or
8、derD. bill3. A. hitB. beatC. remindedD. informed4. A. nervousB. gratefulC. scaredD. stressed5. A. makeB. spendC. wasteD. collect6. A. demandsB. promisesC. suggestionsD. invitations7. A. jokinglyB. eagerlyC. humblyD. cautiously8. A. raisingB. protectingC. rememberingD. guiding9. A. trustedB. instruct
9、edC. supportedD. inspired10. A. willB. kindnessC. honestyD. courage【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。布列塔尼去麦当劳买饭时忘了带钱包，麦当劳的工作人员怀亚特帮她付了钱并且拒绝她还钱，布列塔尼被他的善举所感动。【详解】1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：忙碌了一天，大家都筋疲力尽，布列塔尼决定在回家的路上去麦当劳吃顿饭。A.cook烹饪；B.have有；C.grab吃；D.serve服务。根据 “from the McDonalds
10、”可知，此处是指去麦当劳吃晚饭。grab dinner意为“吃晚饭”。故选C。2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：怀亚特就是那天帮她点单的那个少年。A.place地方； B.word单词； C.order点餐；D.bill账单。根据“working there”可知，怀亚特是麦当劳的工作人员，所以此处是指为她点餐。故选C。3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，布列塔尼想到了这件事:她把钱包忘在家里了。A.hit突然想到；B.beat击败；C.reminded提醒；D.informed通知。it hits sb意为“某人想起某事”，此处是指列塔尼想到了她把钱包忘在家里了。故选A。4.考查形容词词义辨析。
11、句意：她看着那个年轻人，眼里噙着泪水，只是因为压力和烦恼，说“对不起，取消订单”。A.nervous紧张的；B.grateful感激的；C.scared害怕的；D.stressed有压力的。前文提到她没有带钱包，且and表明此处应填和annoyed相近的词，所以是“压力大的”。故选D。5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个在麦当劳工作的青少年，怀亚特可能挣不了多少钱。A.make赚钱；B.spend花时间或金钱；C.waste浪费；D.collect收集。根据“As a teenager working at McDonalds”可知，怀亚特可能挣不了多少钱。故选A。6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：
12、然而，他坚决地拒绝了布列塔尼要他还钱的所有承诺。A.demands要求；B.promises承诺；C.suggestions建议；D.invitations邀请。根据“ return and pay him back.”可知，他坚决地拒绝了布列塔尼要他还钱的所有承诺。故选B。7.考查副词词义辨析。句意：怀亚特谦逊地对他的所作所为并没有多想，而布里特妮知道这正是我们的世界现在需要的希望。A.jokingly开玩笑地；B.eagerly热切地；C.humbly谦逊地； D.cautiously谨慎地。根据后文“The humble teenager”（这位谦逊地青年）可知，怀亚特很谦逊。故选C。8
13、.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他让我意识到这正是我们做父母的努力培养伟大的人。A.raising养育；B.protecting保护；C.remembering记住；D.guiding引导。根据“what we parents are trying to do”以及“great humans”可知，此处是指父母培养伟大的人。故选A。9.考查动词辨词义析。句意：这个谦逊的青年鼓舞和鼓励了他们。A.trusted信任； B.instructed指导；C.supported支持；D.inspired鼓舞。根据“ encourage”可知，此处应用和encourage词义相近的词语，且这个青年的行为让她很感
14、动，所以是“鼓舞”。故选D。10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只是一个小小的善举，一切都被放大了，想到这样的事情能让你走到这一步，真是太不可思议了。A.will意愿；B.kindness善意；C.honesty诚实；D.courage勇气。根据前文可知，怀亚特不求回报地帮助了布列塔尼，所以是善举。故选B。第二节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Seagulls are large and _11_ (noise) birds, commonly seen
15、 on beaches around the world. Many people like to feed them _12_ entertainment. It can be amusing to watch the birds fighting over little pieces of bread or chips. However, when animals get used to being fed by humans, they will lose their fear of them and may become aggressive. Seagulls are not ver
16、y dangerous, but they have been known to attack humans, especially people who _13_ (hold) food.【答案】11. noisy 12. for 13. are holding【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海鸥和人类的某种关系。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：海鸥是又大又吵的鸟，常见于世界各地的海滩上。根据空格后的名词birds可知，此处应填形容词和前面形容词large并列作定语修饰名词，noise的形容词形式为noisy，故填noisy。【12题详解】考查介词。句意：许多人喜欢把它们当作娱乐。for“
17、供；适合于”是介词，表示对象、用途等，符合句意。故填for。【13题详解】考查动词时态。句意：但据了解，它们会攻击人类，尤其是那些正拿着食物的人。根据句意可知，此处指那些正在拿着食物的人，应用现在进行时，其结构为be+动词的现在分词，因引导定语从句的关系代词who指代的先行词people为复数概念的名词，主谓一致，故填are holding。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The northwestern coast of California is a very attractive travel
18、destination. Increasing numbers of tourists come to this area _14_ (hike) in the redwood forests. As a result, people _15_ (live) in this area are very concerned about the effects of mass tourism. Local residents are worried that if so many tourists keep coming, the natural beauty of the beaches and
19、 forests _16_ (damage).【答案】14. to hike 15. living 16. will be damaged【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加利福尼亚的西北海岸是一个非常吸引人的旅游目的地，但当地居民担心过多的游客会破坏自然美景。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：越来越多的游客来到这一地区在红杉林中徒步旅行。不定式作目的状语。故填to hike。15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，生活在这一地区的人们非常关注大众旅游的影响。people与live之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填living。【16题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：当地居民担心，如果
20、这么多游客继续来，海滩和森林的自然美景会被破坏。分析句子可知，if引导的条件从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时。主语natural beauty与damage之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填will be damaged。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The Fault in Our Stars is a novel _17_ (write) by American author John Green. It is his fourth major work, and his _18_ (po
21、pular) one so far. The story follows the main character, Hazel Grace, a 16-year-old girl with cancer. She attends a cancer support group, _19_ she meets Gus, a fellow teenage cancer survivor. They quickly become friends and begin _20_ will turn out to be a short but very beautiful romance.【答案】17. wr
22、itten 18. most popular 19. where 20. what【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对美国作家约翰格林写的一部小说星运里的错作了详细说明。【详解】1.考查过去分词。句意：星运里的错是美国作家约翰格林写的一部小说。句中已有谓语动词is ，此处用非谓语形式。动词write（写作）和逻辑主语novel（小说）构成被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填written。2.考查形容词最高级。句意：这是他的第四部主要作品，也是迄今为止最受欢迎的作品。根据so far可知，此处是指这本小说是他迄今为止最受欢迎的作品，应用最高级形式。故填most popular。3.考查定
23、语从句。句意：她参加了一个癌症互助小组，在那里她遇到了同为青少年癌症幸存者的格斯。关系词指代先行词a cancer support group并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。4.考查名词性从句。句意：他们很快成为了朋友，开始了一段短暂但非常美丽的罗曼史。begin后的宾语从句中缺少主语，且是指事情，所以用what。故填what。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ASubscription: How It Works MagazineHow It Works
24、 is a science and technology magazine bursting with exciting information about our universe and everything in it. Covering a wide range of topics such as space, nature, science, animals and technology, the magazine is jam-packed with incredible and breathtaking facts ready to excite your wildest cur
25、iosity.What is inside? Global Eye the latest news, developments and events from the world of science and technology Amazing Images each issue is loaded with fantastic cutaways, illustrations and photography Features our in-depth articles explain topics in an exciting and engaging way that everyone c
26、an understand Brain Dump get the answers to all your burning “how and why” questions in our reader Q&A section How To your guide to fun experiments and projects to try out at homeWhy to subscribe? Big SavingsAs a subscriber, youll enjoy big savings on shop prices and the huge convenience of having e
27、very issue delivered hot off the press. There are no hidden costs and all postage and delivery costs are included in our prices. Treat Yourself or Family & FriendsA subscription makes a thoughtful gift for both family and friends straight to their door. This science and technology magazine helps exp
28、lore the fascinating world around us. Never Miss an IssueYour subscription can be cancelled at any time within 14 days of the date of purchase. All members can manage their subscriptions via our self-service website .Choose your preferred subscription package:Print: $8.93 per issue, $116.00 annually
29、/ 13 issuesDigital: $2.20 per issue, $28.00 annually/ 13 issuesPrint + Digital: $9.31 per issue, $121.00 annually/ 13 issuesWhere to read the digital?Your purchase here at can be read on any of the following platforms. You can read here on the website or download the app for your platform, just reme
30、mber to log in with your Pocketmags username and password.Our promise to you:Best price guarantee: Well refund the difference if you find it cheaper elsewhere.Youre in control: Manage your subscription online via our dedicated self-service site.21. In which part of the magazine can you find instruct
31、ions on experiments?A. Global Eye.B. Features.C. Brain Dump.D. How To.22. How much should you pay if you make a yearly subscription in print?A. $121.B. $116.C. $28.D. $8.93.23. According to the passage, subscribers of the magazine can _.A. purchase the magazine on the App StoreB. be informed of the
32、latest news in humanityC. cancel the order within 14 days of its purchaseD. get a full refund if they find it cheaper elsewhere【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C【解析】这一则广告。文章为订阅How It Works杂志做广告。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据What is inside?部分最后一句“How To your guide to fun experiments and projects to try out at home”可知，如何引导你在家里尝试
33、有趣的实验和项目。由此可知，在How To部分可以找到实验指导。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Choose your preferred subscription package部分“Print: $8.93 per issue, $116.00 annually/ 13 issues”可知，印刷版：每期$8.93，每年$116.00，共13期。由此可知，订阅一年需要付116美元。故选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Why to subscribe?部分Never Miss an Issue部分的第一句“Your subscription can be cancelled at an
34、y time within 14 days of the date of purchase.”可知，你的订阅可在购买之日起14天内随时取消。由此可知，该杂志的订阅者可以在购买后14天内取消订单。故选C。BMany people have felt isolated and afraid during the pandemic this year, and the Weber family is no different. But 11-year-old Emerson Weber has a hobby that has turned into a remarkable antidote. E
35、merson writes letters lots of letters. One day last spring, she even wrote to Doug, her mail carrier. “I want to thank you for taking my letters and delivering them,” she said. “You are very important to me.”In no time at all, Emersons simple thank-you note was shared around the United States Postal
36、 Service (USPS). Many of the workers who read it wrote her back. Her father was so moved by the response that he took to Twitter to share his appreciation for the outpouring of love.“Emerson, my 11-year-old, is on a bit of a wild ride with the USPS and our local mail carrier, Doug.” The next day aft
37、er Emerson gave Doug the letter, a package arrived with two letters. Doug had shared Emersons letter with his supervisor, Sara, and they both wanted to share how touched they were.The next week, they got a letter addressed to “Mr. and Mrs. Weber”. It seemed that Sara had shared Emersons note as a “T
38、oken of Thanks” in the internal USPS newsletter, and there were postal folks that wanted to thank her.That day, the family saw Doug getting out of the truck with two BOXES of letters from around the country. These letters were so deeply human. They were filled with family, pets, hobbies, community,
39、and an overwhelming sense of kindness.But there was something more in these letters. People felt seen some for the first time in a long time. “I work alone in a small rural post office .” “My kids all live far away .” “Not a lot of people think about how hard we work .”One wrote, “I cant tell you ho
40、w much it means to read your letter .”With dozens of new pen pals, Emerson did what she does best.She wrote.She acknowledged that there WERE a lot of letters, but she read them all.“Im not sharing this because Im a proud dad,” her father wrote on Twitter. “Im sharing it because it is relatively easy
41、, if we take the time, to give others the one thing they need to be well human connection. Emerson does this boldly. Her lesson to me was simple: Its the small things that matter most.”Send a letter. Make a call. Take a step of boldness. For yourself or for others.24. Mr. Weber shared Emersons story
42、 on Twitter because _.A. he was moved by the readers responseB. he wanted more people to read the letterC. he took great pride in being Emersons fatherD. he was thankful to Doug for delivering letters25. What do the letters in the passage symbolize?A. A sense of community.B. The company of family.C.
43、 A bond between people.D. The outpouring of courage.26. Which of the following words can best describe Emerson?A. Selfless and patient.B. Smart and mature.C. Determined and proud.D. Loving and grateful.【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在流感大流行期间，许多人都感到孤独害怕的时候，Emerson Weber用写信的方式给人们传递温暖和力量。【24题详解】
44、细节理解题。根据第二段中“Her father was so moved by the response that he took to Twitter to share his appreciation for the outpouring of love.(她的父亲被这些回复深深打动，他在推特上分享了他对这份爱的感激之情)”可知，Mr. Weber在推特上分享Emerson的故事是因为被读者的回复打动了。故选A项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据本文第一句“Many people have felt isolated and afraid during the pandemic this y
45、ear, and the Weber family is no different. (在今年的流感大流行期间，许多人感到孤立和害怕，Weber一家也不例外)”以及后文Emerson的行动可知，Emerson用写信的方式让人们在流感的孤立害怕时期感到了人与人之间的温暖，再根据最后一段Emerson的父亲在推特上所说“Im sharing it because it is relatively easy, if we take the time, to give others the one thing they need to be well human connection. (我分享它是因
46、为，如果我们花时间，给别人他们所需要的东西是相对容易的那就是良好的人际关系)”可推知，这些信就是人与人之间的联系纽带。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中Emerson 信中所说的“I want to thank you for taking my letters and delivering them(我想感谢你收下我的信并把它们寄出去)”和后文所说他的感谢信被广泛分享，以及他写的那么多信给人们送去关心和温暖可知，Emerson是个充满爱心和感恩心的孩子。故选D项。CWhat does it mean to live a good life? This question has
47、been debated for centuries. In the field of psychology, two main concepts of the good life have been quite popular: A happy life full of pleasure and positive emotions, and a meaningful life full of purpose and sacrifice. But what if these arent the only options?In recent years a long-neglected vers
48、ion of the good life has been receiving greater attention: the psychologically rich life. It is full of complex mental engagement, a wide range of intense and deep emotions, and diverse, novel, surprising and interesting experiences. Sometimes they are neither pleasant nor meaningful. However, they
49、are rarely boring or monotonous.After all, both happy and meaningful lives can become monotonous and repetitive. A person with a steady office job, married with children, may be satisfied and find his or her life meaningful and still be bored. Also, the psychologically rich life doesnt necessarily i
50、nvolve economic richness. For instance, consider Hesses character Goldmund, who has no money but pursues the life of a free spirit.Research has found psychological richness is related to, but partially distinct from, both happy and meaningful lives. Psychological richness is related with openness to
51、 experience and experiencing both positive and negative emotions more intensely. But is the psychologically rich life one that people actually want?In a new study, Oishi and his colleagues asked people in nine countries the degree to which they value a psychologically rich life, a happy life and a m
52、eaningful life. They found many peoples self-described ideal lives involve psychological richness. When forced to choose a life, however, the majority chose a happy life and a meaningful life. Even so, a minority of people still favored the psychologically rich life, ranging from 6.7% in Singapore t
53、o 16.8% in Germany.These numbers went up when the desire for a psychologically rich life was measured indirectly. To understand what a person wishes their lives might have been, it is important to explore what people wish they had avoided in their lives. When asked what they regret most and whether
54、undoing this event would have made their lives happier, more meaningful or psychologically richer, about 28% of Americans said undoing the regrettable event would have made their lives psychologically richer.These findings suggest that while most people strive to be happy and have meaning in their l
55、ives, a sizable number of people are content merely living a psychologically rich existence.As Oishi and his colleagues conclude “We believe that taking the psychologically rich life seriously will deepen and enrich our understanding of well-being.” At the end of the day, there is no one singularly
56、acceptable path to the good life. You have to find a path that works best for you.27. According to the passage, the psychologically rich life _.A. means living a luxurious lifeB. involves various intense emotionsC. combines pleasure with purposeD. emphasizes openness and repetition28. What does Oish
57、is research indicate?A. The Germans prefer psychological richness to a happy life.B. Undoing regrettable events has enriched many peoples lives.C. A hidden desire for psychological richness exists among some people.D. People with psychological richness tend to describe their lives as ideal.29. We ca
58、n learn from the passage that _.A. purpose outweighs pleasure in terms of significanceB. the choice of a good life differs from person to personC. a positive mindset helps us understand our well-beingD. we should never be content and always strive for the best30. What is the main purpose of the arti
59、cle?A. To compare different concepts of a good life.B. To explain how to live a psychologically rich life.C. To persuade people to attain psychological richness.D. To draw attention to a less familiar version of a good life.【答案】27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章提出除了传统观念的好的生活之外，另一种好生活心理丰富的生活应该
60、得到关注。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It is full of complex mental engagement, a wide range of intense and deep emotions, and diverse, novel, surprising and interesting experiences.”（它充满了复杂的心理参与，广泛的强烈和深刻的情感，以及多样的、新奇的、惊奇的和有趣的体验。）可知，心理丰富的生活包含了各种强烈的情感。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据倒第二段“These findings suggest that while most peopl
61、e strive to be happy and have meaning in their lives, a sizable number of people are content merely living a psychologically rich existence.”（这些发现表明，虽然大多数人努力让自己快乐，让自己的生活有意义，但仍有相当数量的人仅仅满足于心理上丰富的生活。）可知，Oishi的调查显示在一些人当中，隐藏着一种对心理丰富的渴望。故选C。3.推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“When forced to choose a life, however, the majo
62、rity chose a happy life and a meaningful life. Even so, a minority of people still favored the psychologically rich life, ranging from 6.7% in Singapore to 16.8% in Germany.”（然而，当被迫选择一种生活时，大多数人选择了幸福的生活和有意义的生活。即便如此，仍有一小部分人青睐心理富裕的生活，从新加坡的6.7%到德国的16.8%不等。）可知，对于好的生活的选择因人而异。故选B。4.推理判断题。文章第一段中提出问题“What do
63、es it mean to live a good life? ”（过好生活意味着什么?）并指出“In the field of psychology, two main concepts of the good life have been quite popular: A happy life full of pleasure and positive emotions, and a meaningful life full of purpose and sacrifice.”（在心理学领域，关于美好生活的两个主要概念一直很流行：一个是充满快乐和积极情绪的幸福生活，一个是充满目标和牺牲的有
64、意义的生活。）然后提出问题“But what if these arent the only options?”（但如果这些不是唯一的选择呢?）所以文章的目的是想提出一种不与传统概念相同的另一种好的生活的选择，并在第二段中提出“In recent years, a long-neglected version of the good life has been receiving greater attention: the psychologically rich life.”（近年来，一个长期被忽视的美好生活的版本越来越受到关注：心理丰富的生活。）可知这篇文章的主要目的是让人们注意到不太熟
65、悉的美好生活。故选D。DOn August 28th, at a presentation over the Internet, Mr. Musk showed off the progress of his firm, Neuralink. The highlight was the appearance of Gertrude, a pig with a chip implanted (植入) into her brain.Reading the brains electrical signals, a technique called electroencephalography (EE
66、G), started over 100 years ago and is now routine. It generally involves placing non-invasive electrodes (非侵入式电极) on the scalp (头皮), though it sometimes requires the invasive insertion of wires into the scalp or the brain. Non-invasive EEG provides useful information, and can even be used to do thin
67、gs like playing computer games. Invasive EEG offers more accurate readings from the nerve cells in the brain, though at greater risk because of the surgery involved. The device Gertrude carries, known technically as a brain-computer interface (接口), carries invasiveness one stage further by making th
68、e EEG recorder a potentially permanent implant.Along with this improved interface, Neuralink has built a robot that will implant it. To do so, the robot first takes a high-resolution scan of the recipients brain. Using this, it is able to sew the electrode threads into place with a precision that av
69、oids any blood tubes in the area, which reduces the risk of damage during surgery. The robot can put the interface in place in less than an hour. General anesthesia (麻醉) is not needed for the procedure.One challenge the firm wants to tackle is sending electrical signals into the brain. Mr. Musk says
70、 this will require a range of inputs including delicate stimulation and large amounts of currents. The point of doing so will be to establish two-way communications. This could allow entirely new areas of treatment to be explored. Besides epilepsy (癫痫) prevention, such brain stimulation might also w
71、ork to treat depression. More important in the long run, it is also essential to Musks vision of widespread engagement between people and machines. This, he hopes, will result in a future where memories can be downloaded and stored elsewhere, and humans can form a relationship with AI that is mutual
72、ly dependent and beneficial.Not everyone is impressed. Critics worry that Neuralink is too secretive, and that Mr. Musks vision promises more than he can deliver. He does, though, have a record of doing what he says he is going to, despite the fact that sometimes not as rapidly as he says he will. H
73、e more or less single-handedly introduced battery-electric cars to the market and he built a successful space-rocket business out of nothing. Brains are a lot more complicated than cars, and even than rocket science. But do not bet against the coming into being at some point of the Musk vision of br
74、ains and computers working together directly.31. What can we learn about EEG?A. EEG requires the insertion of electrodes.B. Non-invasive EEG is superior in safety and speed.C. Invasive EEG functions better in reading nerve cells.D. EEG can be updated by using the brain-computer interface.32. In Para
75、graph 3, the author describes the implantation to show _.A. the advantages of using the robotB. the simplicity of the procedureC. the improvement of the interfaceD. the possible risks of the surgery33. According to the text, _.A. Musk achieves more in brain study than in rocket scienceB. brain stimu
76、lation is crucial for people-machine interactionC. new methods of treatment have been researched and createdD. the firm has difficulty finding the right kind of input for brains34. Whats the authors attitude towards Musks vision?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Doubtful.D. Neutral.【答案】31. C 32. A 33. B 34
77、. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马斯克的公司正在利用脑电图（EEG）的技术向大脑发送电子信号，他希望人类可以与人工智能建立一种相互依赖和有益的关系。但这一愿景想要实现很困难。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第四句“Invasive EEG offers more accurate readings from the nerve cells in the brain, though at greater risk because of the surgery involved.(侵入性脑电图可以从大脑中的神经细胞获得更精确的数据，但由于涉及到手术，风险更大)”可知，EEG侵
78、入性脑电图在读取神经细胞时功能更好。故选C项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后三句“Using this, it is able to sew the electrode threads into place with a precision that avoids any blood tubes in the area, which reduces the risk of damage during surgery. The robot can put the interface in place in less than an hour. General anesthesia
79、(麻醉) is not needed for the procedure. (使用这种技术，它能够精确地将电极线缝合到合适的位置，避免任何血管进入该区域，从而降低了手术中损伤的风险。这个机器人可以在不到一小时的时间内安装好接口。手术过程中不需要全身麻醉)”可推知，作者描述了植入是为了描述使用机器人的好处。故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段五六两句“Besides epilepsy (癫痫) prevention, such brain stimulation might also work to treat depression. More important in the
80、 long run, it is also essential to Musks vision of widespread engagement between people and machines. (除了预防癫痫，这种大脑刺激也可以治疗抑郁症。从长远来看，更重要是，这对马斯克实现人与机器广泛接触的愿景也至关重要)”可知，脑刺激对人机交互至关重要。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后三句“He more or less single-handedly introduced battery-electric cars to the market and he built
81、a successful space-rocket business out of nothing. Brains are a lot more complicated than cars, and even than rocket science. But do not bet against the coming into being at some point of the Musk vision of brains and computers working together directly. (他或多或少是单枪匹马地将纯电动汽车引入市场的，他白手起家建立了一个成功的太空火箭企业。大
82、脑比汽车复杂得多，甚至比火箭科学复杂得多。但不要打赌，人脑和计算机直接合作的“麝香愿景”会在某个时刻出现)”可推知，作者的态度是积极的。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Poor Sleep and Loneliness: A Vicious Cycle?The feeling of being lonely is the sense that you have less social contact with others than you want. It is not quite the
83、 same as the amount of social contact you have. Some people dont engage that often with others, but they are perfectly fine with that, and so they dont feel alone. _35_ Being lonely is associated with poorer psychological health.One area of research has focused specifically on the relationship betwe
84、en loneliness and sleep. There are several inter-related questions: Is feeling lonely related to the quality of peoples sleep? What aspects of sleep are related to loneliness? And does loneliness cause sleep problems, or do difficulties with sleeping lead to feelings of loneliness? _36_The relations
85、hip between loneliness and sleep was explored in a paper by Melanie Hom and Caol Chu in the September 2020 issue of Clinical Psychological Science. They analyzed the data of previous studies relating sleep quality to feelings of loneliness. _37_ This relationship is stronger for insomnia (失眠症) than
86、for sleep complaints like nightmares. In addition, the more loneliness people express, the less effective they think their sleep is.Although poor sleep and loneliness are closely related, it is hard to determine whether loneliness causes sleep difficulties or the reverse (相反)._38_ It is because you
87、can look to see whether sleep difficulties at one time predict later feelings of loneliness or whether loneliness early on predicts later sleep difficulties. Interestingly, sleep problems predicted later loneliness and loneliness predicted later sleep difficulties. However, the connection between ea
88、rlier sleep difficulties and later loneliness was generally stronger than that between earlier loneliness and later sleep difficulties. This pattern suggests that there may be a vicious cycle, though, in which poor sleep can increase feelings of loneliness, which can in turn increase sleep difficult
89、ies.If you are someone who has trouble sleeping, be aware that poor sleep lowers your resilience (复原力) overall. Among other things, it may make it harder for you to appreciate the social contacts you have. _39_ That added social engagement just might have a positive impact on your future sleep.A. Lo
90、ng-term studies that follow the same people over time help.B. If you have difficulty in social engagement, you may feel lonely.C. Other people may spend a lot of time with others, but still long for more.D. These issues are important because poor sleep can affect psychological health.E. To solve the
91、 problem, you should monitor your sleeping quality and physical health.F. If you have trouble sleeping, try spending more time reaching out to friends and loved ones.G. The results indicate that the more sleep difficulties people express they have, the lonelier they feel.【答案】35. C 36. D 37. G 38. A
92、39. F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对失眠和孤独之间的联系进行了研究，并且提出了如何解决此问题的建议。【详解】1.根据前文“It is not quite the same as the amount of social contact you have. ”（这和你拥有的社会联系的数量是不一样的。）可知，下文应分别陈述不同的人对社交量的需求。根据前文“Some people dont engage that often with others, but they are perfectly fine with that, and so they dont feel alone.”（
93、有些人并不经常与他人交往，但他们对此完全没有问题，所以他们并不感到孤独。）可推知，设空处应陈述与之相反的情况。选项C（有些人可能花很多时间与他人在一起，但仍然渴望更多）切合文意，选项中的other people对应上文的some people。故选C。2.根据第二段第一句“One area of research has focused specifically on the relationship between loneliness and sleep”（其中一个研究领域专门关注孤独和睡眠之间的关系）可知，第二段主要是讲孤独和睡眠的关系，对应选项C中的poor sleep can aff
94、ect psychological health。所以选项C（这些问题很重要，因为睡眠不好会影响心理健康。）切合文意，且选项中的These issues对应前文中提到的三个问题。故选D。3.根据前文“They analyzed the data of previous studies relating sleep quality to feelings of loneliness. ”（他们分析了之前有关睡眠质量与孤独感的研究数据。）可推知，设空处应陈述他们分析数据得出的结果，所以选项G（研究结果表明，人们表现出的睡眠问题越多，他们就会感到越孤独。）切合文意，选项中的The results对应
95、上文的analyzed。故选G。4.后文“ It is because you can look to see whether sleep difficulties at one time predict later feelings of loneliness or whether loneliness early on predicts later sleep difficulties. ”（这是因为你可以看一段时间的睡眠困难是否预示着以后的孤独感，或者早期的孤独是否预示着以后的睡眠困难。）表明这是长期的对相同的人的研究，所以选项A（长期跟踪同一批人的研究会有所帮助。）切合文意。故选A。5
96、.根据前文“If you are someone who has trouble sleeping, be aware that poor sleep lowers your resilience (复原力) overall. Among other things, it may make it harder for you to appreciate the social contacts you have.”（如果你有睡眠问题，要注意睡眠会降低你的复原力。此外，它会让你很难享受你所拥有的社会联系）和下文“ That added social engagement just might ha
97、ve a positive impact on your future sleep.”（增加社交活动可能会对你未来的睡眠产生积极影响。）可推知，设空处应陈述解决这种问题的方法。所以选项F（如果你有睡眠问题，试着花更多的时间联系朋友和爱人。）切合文意，下文的that对应选项中的try spending more time reaching out to friends and loved ones.。故选F。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。“One persons
98、 trash is another persons treasure.” Thats a common expression, but the next time you throw something away, think about a twist on the old saying. What if your trash could become your own treasure? Many creative, thrifty, and environmentally minded people have come up with a way to make that happen.
99、 Its called upcycling. Our world would be a better place if everyone would begin upcycling.Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful. For example, how about that pair of jeans with a hole in one knee? It could become a new pillow for your bedroom. How
100、about the old T-shirts you never wear anymore? It could be sewed together to make a picnic blanket. All of these are examples of upcycling.Upcycling is not the same as recycling. Upcycling is actually much better for the environment. Recycling takes an item made of glass, paper, metal, or plastic, b
101、reaks it down to its base material, and then uses that material to make another product. This requires a great deal of energy. On the other hand, when you choose to upcycle, the only energy you use is your own. And upcycling not only reduces the amount of trash that goes into our landfills, but it a
102、lso protects natural resources, such as oil and gas. Recycling is good for the environment, but upcycling is even better.Upcycling also makes a familys budget stretch further. Before you run to the store to buy something, look around your house. Old teacups can be transformed into candles. And an ol
103、d ladder can even become a bookshelf. Of course, the idea of reusing items to save money is not new. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, many families lived on a tight budget. People had to use what they already had in order to meet their needs. Flour sacks were used to make clothes, and a bro
104、ken door became a new table. Today we should follow the examples of our great-grandparents and save money by upcycling.As responsible citizens, we should all be concerned with protecting our environment and budgeting our resources. Upcycling is a fun and creative way to help. The next time you go to
105、 toss something into the trash can, stop and think about what it could become. Chances are, theres a brand-new item in your hand just waiting to be upcycled.40. What is upcycling according to the passage?41. Why is upcycling much better for the environment than recycling?42. What does the underlined
106、 sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?43. The Spring Festival is coming. Figure out one thing to upcycle. Explain what you will do with it and how it will help with the celebration of the festival. (about 40 words)【答案】40. Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something use
107、ful. 41. Because it protects natural resources. 42. Upcycling helps a family save money. 43. I plan to upcycle the bottles at home. I will turn glass bottles into candle holders or glass lamps, which will add to the festive atmosphere during the festival. As for plastic bottles, Ill remodel them int
108、o air-tight containers, which can help store grains and stop moths from getting in.【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了升级改造。解释了升级改造的含义、和回收利用的不同之处以及升级改造的好处。指出作为负责任的公民，我们都应该关心保护环境和节约资源，而升级改造是一种有趣又有创意的环保方式。【40题详解】考查细节理解题。根据第二段中“Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful.(升
109、级改造就是把不需要的东西变成有用的东西)”可知，升级改造就是把不需要的东西变成有用的东西。故答案为Upcycling is the practice of taking an unwanted item and turning it into something useful.【41题详解】考查细节理解题。根据第三段中“Upcycling is not the same as recycling. Upcycling is actually much better for the environment.(升级改造不同于回收利用。升级改造对环境更有利)”以及“And upcycling not
110、 only reduces the amount of trash that goes into our landfills, but it also protects natural resources, such as oil and gas.(升级改造不仅能减少垃圾填埋场的垃圾数量，还能保护石油和天然气等自然资源)”可知，升级回收比循环利用更环保，因为它保护自然资源。故答案为Because it protects natural resources.【42题详解】考查句意猜测题。根据画线部分后文“Old teacups can be transformed into candles. A
111、nd an old ladder can even become a bookshelf. Of course, the idea of reusing items to save money is not new.(旧茶杯可以变成烛台。一个旧梯子甚至可以变成一个书架。当然，再利用物品来省钱的想法并不新鲜)”可知，画线句意思为“升级改造可以帮助家庭省钱”。故答案为Upcycling helps a family save money.【43题详解】本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可，答案不唯一。题干为：春节就要到了。找出一件可以升级的东西。解释一下你将用它做什么，以及它将如何帮助庆祝这个节日。可回
112、答：我计划在家里改造瓶子。我会把玻璃瓶变成烛台或玻璃灯，在节日中增添节日的气氛。至于塑料瓶，我会把它们改造成密封容器，这样可以储存谷物，防止飞蛾进入。故答案为I plan to upcycle the bottles at home. I will turn glass bottles into candle holders or glass lamps, which will add to the festive atmosphere during the festival. As for plastic bottles, Ill remodel them into air-tight co
113、ntainers, which can help store grains and stop moths from getting in.第二节 （20分）44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim从微信朋友圈看到你参加了学校的红十字急救社团（Red Cross First Aid Club），写信向你了解情况。请给他回信，内容包括：1. 社团简介；2. 社团开展的活动；3. 你的收获。注意：1. 词数不少于100；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim，_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,How is everything going? Sinc
114、e you asked about the Red Cross First Aid Club that Im in, let me tell you something about it.The club was founded last year to promote health education among students. So far, it has attracted over 100 students who are interested in health-related issues and willing to lend a hand during emergencie
115、s. The members meet every week to take courses or take part in voluntary services. Recently, we have just received CPR training and learnt how to use the AED device, which is now available in most public places in China. In fact, the pictures you saw in my WeChat moments were taken when I was perfor
116、ming CPR on a dummy.I have gained a lot from the club. It has taught me some life-saving skills. Moreover, it provides me with a chance to see the medical professionals work up close, whose profound knowledge impresses me a lot. On top of that, I learnt that life can be fragile so we should respect
117、it and cherish every day.What clubs are you in? Write to me and tell me anything that you find interesting in your clubs! I look forward to hearing from you soon.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国好友Jim写封回信，向他介绍参加学校的红十字急救社团的情况。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时、现在完成时和一般过去时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持
118、句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 进行社团简介；2. 介绍社团开展的活动;3. 介绍你的收获。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）promote health education;attract over 100 students; lend a hand during emergencies; take courses; take part in voluntary services; received CPR training; teach me some life-saving skills; see the medical professionals work up close
119、第三步：连词成句1.The club was founded last year to promote health education among students. 2. So far, it has attracted over 100 students who are interested in health-related issues and willing to lend a hand during emergencies.3. The members meet every week to take courses or take part in voluntary servic
120、es. 4.Recently, we have just received CPR training and learnt how to use the AED device, which is now available in most public places in China.5.It has taught me some life-saving skills. 6.Moreover, it provides me with a chance to see the medical professionals work up close, whose profound knowledge
121、 impresses me a lot. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表并列补充关系：Moreover, On top of that连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1Recently, we have just received CPR training and learnt how to use the AED device, which is now available in most public places in China. (which引导的定语从句）高分句型2Moreover, it provides me with a chance to see the medical professionals work up close, whose profound knowledge impresses me a lot.（whose引导的定语从句）高分句型3On top of that, I learnt that life can be fragile so we should respect it and cherish every day.（so引导的结果状语从句）
