1、北京市海淀区2020-2021学年高一英语下学期期中试题第一部分:知识运用(共三节，28分)第一节 语法填空（共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AKoshiba had a legendary life. When he was a kid, he dreamed of being a soldier or musician, but his dream was broken when his right hand was damaged by polio(小儿麻痹症).
2、While in the hospital, he read Adlbert Einsteins books and _1_ (become) interested in physics. He never made it to the top of his physics class in high school, but went on to study at the University of Tokyo, then the University of Rochester, _2_ he earned his PhD. “There are things in the world you
3、 can achieve despite poor academic records.” Koshiba said.”What _3_ (count) most is adopting an active attitude toward studying.BZoos play an important role in the world for conservation and education. They are _4_ (particular) important for endangered species. Many animals are critically _5_ danger
4、 and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going wrong. Many others are already extinct in the wild and only animals _6_ are kept in zoos survive. Even those critics of zoos often recognize that it is better to have species preserved somewhere than lose them altogether, as animals held i
5、n zoos _7_ (protect) from serious threat.C(8) _ (wear) different colors can affect how you feel and how others react to you, so it is important to consider this when deciding (9) _ to wear in the morning. If you want people to take you seriously, put on navy blue or black. Blue would also be helpful
6、 for an interview or oral examination because it relaxes you and makes you feel calm. Red gets you noticed by everyone and make you feel energetic, (10)_be careful, as it can raise your heart rate and not everyone want this effect. So think carefully before you leave your house.第二节 选词填空（共6小题;每小题1分，共
7、6分)阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从方框中选择适当的词填空，其中有两项为多余选项。conduct created despite discovered gained influential promising thoughTu Youyou is the first Chinese female scientist who was awarded a Nobel Prize.She studied medicine and _11_ a deep knowledge about traditional practices, which enabled her to be chosen to e
8、stablish a team to find a cure for malaria in 1969.With the idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret, Tu Youyou and her team studied some related literature and _12_ a lot of researches with limited resources. They used modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.After hundr
9、eds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a _l3_ chemical. Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject in the test on humans. The chemical they _14_ artemisinin, has now become the worlds most effective drug for fighting malaria.As one of the most _l5_ figures of science
10、 in the 20th Century, she is not interested in fame and she continues to do research today _16_ her age. What she did not only saved millions of lives, but also bridged the Eastern and Western worlds.第三节 完形填空（共12小题;每小题1分，共12分)阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。“I was attacked by a tiger shark in
11、 October 1997.It was near my home on the island of Kanai. The waves were really good, so nothing was stopping us.”That was until large shark came right up under Mike and _17_ his teeth into Mikes lower leg. Thered been no splashing, no noise, and Mike felt no pain, only intense pressure on his _18_
12、body.As he tried to get himself free, the shark bit down harder, shaking its head back and forth and tossing Mike around like a doll. Mike hit the shark hard in the face, again and again until the shark _19_ him. As Mike swam back into shore, he felt his lower right leg spamming(痉挛); when he looked
13、down, he realized it was _20_. The shark had bit his lower leg off. Mikes friends came to his aid immediately, and tried to control severe bleeding and rushed him to the hospital.When Mike opened his eyes, he realized he was in the hospital.During the next few weeks, Mike researched prosthetics (假肢)
14、 and considered the _21_. As soon as Mike was given the OK by his doctors, he did what many of us might consider _22_: he started riding the waves again. In fact, his first time back was near the site of his attack. But Mike was unshaken. Instead, he was curious-why was he attacked? Mike _23_ that t
15、he water had a fishy smell the morning of the attack. Was that what attracted the shark?His curiosity led him to research sharks, and while he never_24_ why he became a target, Mike did learn something that would change his life: Humans are far more _25_ to sharks than the other way around, Mike tel
16、ls Reader s Digest.”I watched a documentary called Sharkwater, and I learned about the _26_ for shark fin soup and the fact that 70 million sharks a year are killed for their fins alone.”His unique situation as a shark survivor empowered him to give sharks a _27_, Mike says. He began working with th
17、e Hawaii state legislature (立法机关）to help pass a _28_ on shark-related products.”I partnered with other like-minded shark attack survivors and marine biologists, and we headed to Washington to urge the government to create a nationwide bill protecting sharks.”17. A. cutB.bitC. sankD. dropped18. A. up
18、perB. lowerC. innerD. heavier19. A. releasedB. defeatedC. spottedD. replaced20. A. caughtB. stolenC. leftD. gone21. A. injuryB. futureC. career D. event22. A. unimportantB. incorrectC. unthinkableD. immature23. A. provedB. stressedC. recalledD. regretted24. A. puzzled overB. figured outC. cared abou
19、tD. look into25. A. sensitive B. friendlyC. riskyD. dangerous26. A. demandB. anxietyC. benefitD. value27. A. voiceB. challengeC. rightD. chance28. A. planB. test C. decisionD.ban第二部分:阅读理解（共两节，32分)第一节 阅读选择(共12小题;每题2分，共24分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWomen Who Changed Science ForeverThis Interna
20、tional Womens Day, were celebrating three women who changed the face of science forever.Ellen OchoaEllen Ochoa is an American engineer and retired astronaut. She was the first Latina woman to fly in space as part of the crew of the shuttle Discovery in 1993.Ochoa attended San Diego State University
21、and then continued her education at Stanford. Ochoa regards her mother, whose passion for learning kept her in part-time college courses all through Ochoas childhood, as an important influence on her career.At the end of her flying career, Ochoa had traveled nearly 1,000 hours in space. From 2012 to
22、 2018, Ochoa served as the director of Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, only the second woman to head up NASAs human spaceflight headquarters.Mamie Phipps ClarkMamie Phipps Clark was an American social psychologist(心理学家)，who specialized in child development in black children. Born in Arkansas
23、, Clark drew on her early experiences as a black child in the segregated(种族隔离的)American South to help children growing up with the same iniquities.Clark stated at Howard University in 1934, and went on to complete a PhD in psychology. She and Kenneth, now her husband, were the first two black people
24、 to earn PhDs at Columbia. With their funding, she started the famous Doll Test, which showed the negative effects of school segregation on black children.Anandibai Gopalrao JosheeAnandibai Jpshee was to become Indias first woman physician with a medical degree. When she was young, her father straye
25、d（偏离）from the traditional Hindu belief that women should not receive education and encouraged her to go to school. When she was fifteen, she was determined to study medicine, a choice likely influenced by the loss of an infant son and surviving a serious illness herself. At the Womans Medical Colleg
26、e, Joshee studied devotedly, hoping to return to India to serve other Indian women.She died in February 1887 at the young age of twenty-one. Despite her short life, Joshees accomplishments were remarkable for an Indian woman, and her achievements were enough to open the door for other Indian women t
27、o quickly follow.29. In Ochoas idea, what influences her most in her career?A. Her part-time job in a college.B. Her first flight in space in 1993.C. Her mothers desire for knowledge.D. Her experience in NASA headquarters.30. What is Phipps Clark famous for?A. Having a PhD in psychology.B. Fighting
28、against racial discrimination.C. Starting the test on the growth of children.D. Devoting herself to the founding of equalities.31. What do the three great women have in common?A. They specialized in similar research fields.B. They all experienced inequality in education.C. They were pioneers changin
29、g our belief in women.D. They were scientists influencing our way of learning32. Which of the following word best describes the three women?A. Dedicated. B. Modest C. Creative D. Caring.BECycling refers to the recycling of electronic items, which are becoming a common problem in American home and th
30、roughout the world. The EPA, or Environmental Protection Agency, has actually started a program to help and motivate the recycling of electronics.To get the program to the regional and neighborhood levels, the EPA directed Plug-In to eCyeling Partners.” These partnerships support electronic reusing
31、programs in individual communities. They provide local governments, retailers and manufacturers with opportunities to reuse and recycle their items. Those who make and offer electronic devices then promote programs and opportunities for consumers to reuse their second-hand electronic products. One o
32、f the EPAs goals is to enlighten customers about why the recycling of electronics is so important. They likewise wish to make eCycling chances easily accessible to specific consumers and their family electronics. According to the EPA, the eCycling program has actually been quite successful. In 2008,
33、 the EPA collected 66.5 million pounds of electonic devices through their Plug-In Partners.Local governments have actually likewise got on board and passed laws intended to handle used electronic devices. Huge corporations have actually introduced eCycling programs at their local retail stores. One
34、seller offers customers small, medium and big boxes for sale, which the customers then load with used electronics and go back to the store. Typically，customers bring their recyclable electronics to a location. When the electronic items are gathered by the EPA(typically this is done byt he Partners),
35、 they are reused or recycled.Reused items are repaired and refurbished（翻新)，and passed on to others as a contribution. You can repair or recondition your very own electronic devices too, extending the life of the items and conserving the energy of making new materials. Reusing electronic devices incl
36、udes making use of the products and pats of the items. These materials and parts are then made use of to produce another item. This is more efficient than making items from new materials.Some items that are commonly eCycled consist of televisions, computer monitors, printers, notebook computer, keyb
37、oards and cable televisions. Less usual items include copying machines, CDplayers， voice mail machines，computer hard drives, mobile telephones, remote controls, radios, batteries, telephones, facsimile machines and computer games. Occasionally, electronic items such as microwaves, fans, vacuums, smo
38、ke alarms, and toasters are eCycled.As the eCycling program continues, you or your organization may want to get involved. Check the EPAs internet site (www.epa.gov) for regional eCycling programs, or for details on how your company can participate. Their website has links to organizations that are t
39、aking part in the eCycling program.33. The EPA brought about “Plug-In to eCycling Partners” to_.A. make and offer electronic devices to consumersB. make customers understand the importance of eCyclingC. make the program accessible to local regions and communitiesD. make it possible for consumers to
40、reuse their used e-products34. The Plug-In Partners are mainly engaged in_.A. repairing electronic deviceB. gathering recyclable electronicsC. reusing second-hand e-productsD. offering customers different boxes for sale.35. What can we infer from the passage?A. People can sell their reused items on
41、the Internet.B. Individuals cant take part in eCycling programs.C. Devices of computers are well eCycled.D. Not every electronic item can be eCycled.36. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To introduce a new way to save costs.B. To teach customers how to recycle electronics.C. To attract peo
42、ple to join in the eCycling programs.D. To call on local governments to support Plug-In Partners.CWhat role might arts play in response to climate change and related economic and ecological crises?Its often said that a novel, a painting, a song or a motion picture changed how a lot of people thought
43、 or felt about the world. Anthropologists(人类学家）and historians rightly argue that major changes in society have sprung up not from the arts, but from-our relationship to our environment. Nevertheless, artists efforts help shape the terms by which society adapts to such changes and their consequences.
44、 Think of how Beethoven marked the beginnings of modern democracy and the nascent(初期的) Industrial Revolution. Or how Hollywood writers and directors inspired massive support for the U.S. war effort during the early 1940s.We have stepped into a century in which the societal systems have been built si
45、nce the stat of the Industrial Revolution. Our food system，transport system，energy system，financial system，and possibly our political and governance systems were designed during an era in which fossil fuels met the great quantity of our fast-growing energy demand. But fossil fuels are exhaustible re
46、sources, and their reduction will drive evermore desperate methods of extraction（提炼)，create evermore environmental risk and require evermore capital-even as alternative energy sources they are also costly. Further, burning fossil fuels changes our planets climate. So, at the same time our economy wi
47、ll need to be redesigned to run on entirely different energy sources, and the natural world will be shifting around us in unprecedented(空前的)ways，with more frequent disastrous storms，floods，droughts etc.Everything will be up for negotiation, redesign and change. And artists have the opportunity and d
48、uty to translate the resulting tumultuous（动荡的）human experience into words, images，and music that help people not just to understand these events mentally, but also to come to grips with them willingly. The economic and environmental shifts described above are currently being detailed in ever-greater
49、 specificity in hundreds of reports released yearly by climate and energy experts. Whats missing in their carefully worded journal articles is the human dimensions of imagination, joy or sorrow, inspiration, and passion. Art can help us cope with the possible effects of our collective challenges. It
50、 can help prepare society for a possibly painful future. It can give voice to suffering and loss, helping people deal with lifes unavoidable stress. And it can also offer beauty, which can be especially important in hard times.Meaningful art can and must express the chaos we encounter and help us pr
51、ocess it mentally and emotionally. To achieve this, artists need to dig deeper, observe more closely and help their audiences connect abstract explanations and forecasts with actual experiences.37. The author mentions Beethoven to suggest that_.A. musicians can easily adapt to changes in societyB. m
52、usic can control the social change of the worldC. anthropologists are right about major changes in societyD. at serves as a bridge for people to understand the world38. What do the underlined words “come to grips with” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. start to create B. begin to deal withC. try to re
53、cord D. take an interest in39. According to the author, the artists _ .A. are expected to show human experience in worksB. deal with the unpleasant events willinglyC. help people forecast painful futureD. are the voice of suffering and loss40. Which of the following would be the best title for the p
54、assage?A. Art in Greater Need during Climate ChangeB. The Relationship Between Society and ArtC. The Climate Clues Hidden in At HistoryD. The Best Ways to Change the World第二节 阅读回答问题（共4小题;每小题2分，共8分)阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Your Food Choices Affect the Earths ClimateEvery action has a cost, even for growing
55、 food and delivering it to your dinner plate. A team of researchers has found that meat production releases more climate-warming pollution than it does when producing fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains. Their calculations suggest that people could do a lot to slow global warming if they limited how
56、 much meat they eat.There are plenty of “costs” of food. As to the visible costs, people pay money for the food as well as the fuel needed to get groceries to the store or restaurant. However, producing foods also takes resources，for example，the water used to irritate (灌溉）crop fields or the fertiliz
57、er and chemicals used to promote plant growth and fight pests.Peter Scarborough at the University of Oxford in England decided to calculate some of the less-visible pollution created by food production. His team focused on greenhouse gases emitted through the production of our food, including carbon
58、 dioxide(CO2)，methane(甲烷） and the nitrous oxide. All three gases are important. While CO2 is the greenhouse gas released in the highest volume, methane and nitrous oxide stay in the atmosphere far longer than CO2 does. As such, they are more powerful in warm the earths atmosphere.They used a compute
59、r to change the methane and nitrous-oxide emissions for each persons diet into its carbon dioxide “equivalent.”Thats the amount of CO2 needed to warm Earths atmosphere by the same amount as the methane or nitrous oxide would.As for the calculations of the carbon dioxide “equivalent(等量)”, in the 1990
60、s, a survey asked65,000 adults what they typically had eaten throughout the past year. Scarboroughs team fed those data into a computer and then included the amount of green house gases linked with producing nearly100 common foods. Then the computer matched those green house-gas amounts to the mix o
61、f foods each person had reported eating.It shows that the diet of someone whose meals included an average of 50 to 99 grams of meat each day would be responsible for the daily release of 5.6 kilograms of CO2 equivalent while those vegans had the lowest diet-linked greenhouse-gas emissions (2.9 kg of
62、 CO2 equivalent).Its authors conclude that reducing the intake of meat and other animal-based products can make a valuable contribution to climate change reduction. And compared to meat, more plant-based food calories can be grown on more lands with less water and other resources. In places where ma
63、ny people are going hungry, raising meat may make it harder to ensure that everyone gets enough to eat.41. What are the visible costs of food mentioned in the article?42. According to the author, why can our food choices affect the earths climate?43. Please underline the inappropriate part in the fo
64、llowing statement and explain why. Plant-based food can adapt to more types of lands than meat, but they may have a higher requirement of water and other resources, which can be a disadvantage of such food.44. Apart from food choices, are there any other ways for you to protect the environment? List
65、 two or more.第三部分: 书面表达（共一题，共15分)45. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，今年6月5日是第50个世界环境日(World Environment Day)，你校将举办一场相关主题活动。请你写一封邮件，邀请你班交换生Jim参加。邮件内容包括:1.简述该活动的目的;2.介绍该活动的日程（例如时间、地点、内容等)；3询问对方意向。注意:1.100词左右；2.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_YoursLi Hua北京市海淀区2020-2021学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题参考答案第一部分：知识运用（共三节，28分）第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，
66、共10分）1. became 2. where 3. counts4. particularly5. in6. that/which7. are protected 8. Wearing 9. what 10. but评分标准：所填内容使句子达意，且拼写正确计1分；拼写不正确或形式错误不得分。第二节 选词填空（共6小题；每小题1分，共6分）11.gained12.conducted13. promising 14. discovered15. influential 16. Despite评分标准：所填内容使句子达意，且拼写正确计1分；拼写不正确或形式错误不得分。第三节 完形填空（共12小题；
67、每小题1分，共12分）1721 CBADB 2226 CCBDA2728 AD第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，32分）第一节 阅读选择（共12小题；每小题2分，共24分）A篇：2932 CBCAB篇：3336 CBDCC篇：3740 DBAA第二节 阅读回答问题（共4小题；每小题2分，共8分）41. People pay money for the food as well as the fuel needed to get groceries to the store or restaurant.42. Because meat production releases more climate-
68、warming pollution than that does to producing fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains and people could do a lot to slow global warming if they limited how much meat they eat.43. 划线应从but开始划到最后。According to the text, the plant-based food can not only be grown on more lands, but such food will also use les
69、s water and other resources instead of more of that, which can be an advantage of such food.44. I will try my best to save electricity, for example, using energy-efficient light bulbs instead of regular bulbs, which can last longer. Also, I will make sure to turn off lights, the TV, and other applia
70、nces when Im not using them. Another way to reduce electricity use is to lower the air conditioning or heat when its not necessary. 评分标准：正确写出关键信息且能达意2分，写出关键信息但有两处以上语法或拼写错误1分，抄写原文，涵盖答案内容，但抄写多余信息扣1分。第三部分：书面表达（共一题，共15分）Possible Version 1Dear Jim,How have you been recently? As the World Environmental Da
71、y is coming, an educational activity aiming to raise our awareness of environment protection will be held in our school. I believe you will be interested in it. Let me tell you more about the arrangement. On the morning of June 5th, a professor will give a lecture at 9:00 in the central hall, throug
72、h which we can get more knowledge in this field. Then in the afternoon, an exhibition of some world-famous artworks on protecting the earth will be held in the Students Activity Center. What do you think of this activity? Would you like to come and join us? Im looking forward to your participation.
73、Yours, Li HuaPossible Version 2Dear Jim,How have you been recently? As the World Environmental Day is around the corner, a series of eye-opening and educational activities will be held in our school with the theme of making peace with nature. Since youre concerned about the environmental issues, I b
74、elieve it will be of great interest to you. The aim of the activity is to raise our awareness of environment protection and call for students to put in their efforts to make the world a better place to live in. After all, small changes can bring about a big difference. Let me tell you more about the
75、 specific arrangement. On the morning of June 5th, a professor will give a lecture at 9:00 in the central hall on the significance of living a low-carbon life. Not only can we obtain some professional knowledge in this field, we can also get some practical tips such as ways of saving water, paper an
76、d electricity at school. Then in the afternoon, an art exhibition named REIMAGINERECOVERRESTORE will be held in the Students Activity Center. You cant miss the wonderful presentation about some international award-winning paintings and sculptures. They depict the damage nature has suffered and the e
77、fforts to reverse it. Whats more, craftwork made with recycled materials by our schoolmates will also be on display. What do you think of this activity after my introduction? Would you like to come and join us? Im looking forward to your participation and you are bound to love it. Yours, Li Hua评分标准档次分数描述第一档1513分完全符合题目要求，观点正确, 要点齐全。句式多样，词汇丰富。语言准确，语意连贯，表达清楚，具有逻辑性。第二档129分基本符合题目要求，观点正确, 要点齐全。语法结构和词汇基本满足文章需要。语言基本通顺，语意基本连贯，表达基本清楚。虽然有少量语言错误，但不影响整体理解。第三档85分部分内容符合题目要求，要点不齐全。语法结构和词汇错误较多，语言不通顺，表达不够清楚，影响整体理解。第四档40分与题目有关内容不多，只是简单拼凑词语，所写内容难以理解。
