1、Section Discovering Useful Structures每/日/金/句：Learning another language is not only learning different words for the same things, but learning another way to think about things.学习另一种语言不仅是学会用另一种文字去表达一个意思，而且是用另一种思维方式去思考事情。语言基础集释探究新知发展语言知识1（教材P64）When I started studying German, it was a struggle.当我开始学习德
2、语时，这可是一件难事。strugglen& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗struggle for. 努力争取；为而斗争struggle against/with. 与做斗争struggle to do sth. 努力做某事struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来佳句Despite his terrible injuries, the man wouldnt give up the struggle for life.尽管受了严重的伤，那人仍不愿放弃为生存而斗争。练通单句语法填空Helen Keller became deaf and blind, but she never gave
3、 up and struggled （lead） an active life.Even though Dr Yuan is in his 80s, he is still struggling his bigger dream.We have to struggle all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.写美应用文佳句虽然他伤得很重，但他挣扎着站了起来继续往前跑。Though he was badly injured, he _ and went on running.2（教材P64）I had finally come to a pl
4、ace where I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view.我终于达到了一个可以用外语思考的境地，并且我可以从一个不同的角度看世界。point of view观点；看法 在某人看来have a good view of 好好欣赏/观看come into view 进入视野；映入眼帘佳句You can have a good view of the beautiful sunrise and sunset from the window.从窗子
5、这里你可以好好欣赏美丽的日出和日落。 写美一句多译在我看来，通过这些活动，你可以更好地了解春节。， you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.， you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.， you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
6、语法专项突破限制性定语从句（2）自主感知1It was a time when the Chinese people were divided geographically.2Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.3There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the mai
7、n factors has been the Chinese writing system.4These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.5It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 自我发现1关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语（如句1）；关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语（如句2）；关系副词在定语从句中作原因状语（如句3）。 2在“介词which/whom”引导
8、的定语从句中，用于指代物（如句4）；用于指代人（如句5）。语法规则一、关系副词（when, where, why）引导的定语从句1when引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。I can never forget the day when I first saw you.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的那一天。It was a time when I didnt understand what death meant.那是我还不明白死亡是什么的时候。 点津在when引导定语从句时，大多数时候定语从句的先行词都是比较明显的时间词，比如time, year, month等。
9、但有一些抽象的先行词具有模糊时间概念，比如：stay, visit, occasion, interval, moment, span, age等，此时，如果定语从句需要关系副词连接同样也用when，并在定语从句中作时间状语。I will brand my golden stay in Paris on my heart when I led a happy and fruitful life.我会将我在巴黎那段幸福而有收获的日子铭记于心。2where引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。After living in Paris for fifty years,
10、he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。The stadium where the athletes work out is not far from here.运动员们锻炼的体育馆离这里不远。 点津where还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situation, stage, point, case, position, condition等。The accident has reached to the point where both their parents
11、 are to be called in.事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。3why引导定语从句时，先行词通常是reason, 关系词在从句中作原因状语。Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why theyre not doing well.不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。This is the reason why he has made such great progress. 这是他取得如此大进步的原因。点津先行词是the reason时，定语从句的引导词需根据定语从句缺少的成分而定，如果缺少状语，用why或用for
12、which；如果缺少主语或宾语，则用that/which，作宾语时可省略。I dont believe the reason （that/which） he gave me for his being late.我不相信他给出的迟到的理由。即时演练1对比填空：that, which, when, where, whyIll never forget the day I spent with you on the farm. Ill never forget the day I worked with you on the farm.The reason he explained at the
13、meeting was not sound.The reason he was late was that he missed his train.Keep the book in a place you can find it easily.This is the house was built by my grandfather forty years ago.二、“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句1“介词关系代词”结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which （指物） 或whom （指人），即介词which/whom，并且不能省略。If you have anything on
14、which you want my opinions, feel free to see me.如果你们有什么事需要征求我的意见的话，随时来找我。I took a photo of the students, among whom was seated a teacher.我给这些学生拍了一张照片，他们中间坐着一位老师。2“介词关系代词（which/whom）”中介词的选择：一先，二动，三意义。（1）“一先”，即根据先行词来确定介词。The factory in which Im working mainly produces computers.我工作所在的工厂主要生产电脑。（in whic
15、h代替in the factory，“在工厂里”用介词in）（2）“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定介词。In the dark street there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街道上她没有一个人可以求助。（to whom代替to a person；turn to sb for help“向某人求助”）点津当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配不可分割时，那么该动词短语中的介词不能前置，如listen to, look at, look for, look into, depend on, ma
16、ke use of, pay attention to, take care of等。This is the pen which Im looking for.这是我正在找的那支钢笔。（3）“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 pm., by which time many people have gone home.在办公室里，我要到下午5：30之后才能有点空闲，到那时，许多人已经回家了。3介词前有时加不定代词、数词等，构成“分数、百分数/基数/不定代词of which/w
17、hom”结构，在定语从句中作主语。English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently.英语是一种多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化使用它的方式各不相同。She has two sons, both of whom are doctors.她有两个儿子，他们都是医生。4whosen.then. of whichof which then.I collected some books, the covers of which （whose covers/of which
18、the covers） are yellow with years.我收藏了一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。5“复合介词which”引导的定语从句，常用逗号与先行词隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。即时演练2选词填空I can never forget the day （on which/in which） we worked together.Last summer we visited Hangzhou, （in whic
19、h/as which） we stayed for one week.This is the reason （with which /for which） he didnt come to the meeting.The engineer （with who/with whom） my father works is about 50 years old.This is the website （where/which） I can find some interesting stories. Section Discovering Useful StructuresPart 1语言基础集释1to leadforagainst/withstruggled to his feet2From my point of viewIn my view/opinionAs far as Im concernedPart 2语法专项突破限制性定语从句(2)自我发现1whenwherewhy2whichwhom即时演练1that/whichwhenthat/whichwhywherewhich/that即时演练2on whichin whichfor whichwith whomwhere
