1、-1-Unit 2 Sailing the oceans-2-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 亲爱的同学们,在朗读和背诵之前,请先试着完成下面的语法填空吧!SAILING THE OCEANSBefore latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ships position on a map,seaman could also 1 the oceans.They were not 2 t
2、he mercy of the sea without modern navigational aids.Using nature to help keeping alongside the coastline seems to have been the first and most useful form of exploration.3(accomplish)navigators were able to use the North Star to plot their positions.On a clear day the sailors could use the sun over
3、head at midday to navigate by.Sea captains could also observe the clouds 4 islands.If seaweed was fresh and smelled 5(strong),sailors could tell us that the ship was 6 to land.Seabirds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere 7(see).Seamen could also use the weather and the sea to i
4、dentify their position.-3-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 Navigational instruments could be used to help finding longitude and latitude.Before the 17th century,there was 8 secure method of measuring longitude,but sailors did know an approxim
5、ate method of 9(calculate)longitude using speed and time.Later,when seamen began to use the compass in the 12th century they could calculate longitude using complicated mathematical tables.The bearing circle was the first instrument 10(measure)the suns position.Three other instruments,the astrolabe,
6、quadrant and sextant are all connected.They are developments of one another.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案:1.explore 2.at 3.Accomplished 4.over5.strongly 6.close 7.to be seen 8.no 9.calculating 10.to measure-4-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending-5-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Com
7、prehending KEQIANYUXI课前预习 晨读晚诵 KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 一 二 三 四 一、将下列单词与其相对应的释义搭配起来A B1.mercy a.not anywhere2.alongsideb.least or smallest3.minimumc.kindness;forgiveness4.nowhered.exact;accurate5.securee.side by side with;beside6.awkwardf.made or done without any plan7.randomg.difficult to use8.preciseh.sa
8、fe答案:1.c 2.e 3.b 4.a 5.h 6.g 7.f 8.d-6-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KEQIANYUXI课前预习 晨读晚诵 KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 一 二 三 四 二、短语互译1.at midday 2.work out 3.pass through 4.in this way 5.在 12 世纪 6.受支配 7.远离 答案:1.在中午 2.计算出 3.通过 4.以这种方式 5.in the 12th century 6.at the mercy of 7.far from-7-Se
9、ction Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KEQIANYUXI课前预习 晨读晚诵 KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 一 二 三 四 三、阅读课文 SAILING THE OCEANS,完成下列表格(每空最多 3个词)PartMain ideaDetails1Seamen can 1 the oceans without modern navigational aids.The travellers before the 17th century were not at the 2 of the sea.2Using 3 to hel
10、p keeping 4 the coastlineSeamen can use celestial bodies,5,6 and the sea.3Using navigational instruments to help finding 7 and latitudeIn the 12th century,seamen began to use the 8 to calculate longitude.9 is the first instrument to measure the suns position.The 10 was the updated version of the ast
11、rolabe and quadrant.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案:1.explore 2.mercy 3.nature 4.alongside5.wildlife 6.the weather 7.longitude pass9.The bearing circle 10.sextant-8-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KEQIANYUXI课前预习 晨读晚诵 KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 一 二 三 四 四、阅读课文 SAILING THE OCEANS,回答下列问题1.The readin
12、g passage mainly wants to tell us .A.that keeping alongside the coastline is the first and most useful form of explorationB.that finding longitude and latitude is a must to plot a ships position on a mapC.about the skills and navigational aids early seamen used while sailing the oceansD.how the earl
13、y sailors used their skills and simple instruments2.From the passage we have learned .A.that early sailors went exploring the oceans using their skills and simple instruments B.why early seamen wanted to sail the seven oceansC.why latitude and longitude are important to plot a ships position D.that
14、there is useful information in an encyclopedia-9-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KEQIANYUXI课前预习 晨读晚诵 KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 一 二 三 四 3.Which one of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Seaweed.B.Clouds.C.Moon.D.Winds.4.Which of the following statements is FALSE?A.The sailor
15、s can use the height of the sun to work out their longitude.B.If there is land close by,there is a special cloud formation.C.The earth moved westwards 15 degrees every hour.D.The bearing circle was the first instrument to measure the suns position.5.What is the use of a bearing circle,astrolabe,quad
16、rant or sextant?A.To set the course of the ship.B.To measure the position of the ship.C.To measure the speed of the ship.D.To tell the time.答案:1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B-10-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91.How do you think seamen
17、found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented?(P11)你认为在现代化的精确的导航方式发明之前海员是怎么找到路的?本句中 do you think 为插入语,应用于特殊疑问句中。Who do you think will get the job?你认为谁会拥有这份工作?Where do you think they have gone?你认为他们去了哪儿呢?注意插入语是一种常见的语法现象,在句中不作成分,与其他成分没有语法关系,通常用来表示说话者对所要表达的意思的解释、强调或补充等,可置于句
18、首、句中或句末。如 do you suppose/imagine/expect/suggest/believe,它们可以与另一个特殊疑问句构成双重疑问句。带有这种插入语的疑问句要用陈述语序。-11-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9When do you suppose theyll be back?你认为他们什么时候会回来?Who do you suggest we send to cover the bank
19、robbery?你认为我们应该派谁去采访银行抢劫案?What do you guess he wants to buy?你认为他想买什么?即学即用完成句子1)Who do you think (他要娶谁)?2)What do you suppose (使他这样想)?3)How do you imagine (如何活过这段艰难的日子)?答案:1)he will marry 2)made him think so 3)he could live through the hard times-12-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehendin
20、g KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 92.The voyages of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids.(P12)17 世纪以前的航海记录显示,即使没有现代航海技术的帮助,旅行者们也不是任凭海洋摆布的。考点一:voyage n.航海;航行The ship will start i
21、ts maiden voyage next Monday.这艘船将于下周一开始它的处女航。考点延伸辨析 voyage,journey,travel,tour 和 tripvoyage 主要指“乘船作水上旅行”,也可指“空中旅行”。journey 应用范围很广,指“有预定地点的陆上、水上或空中的单程长、短途旅行”,一般来说,它着重指“长距离的陆上旅行”。travel 作名词时习惯用复数形式。泛指旅行各地,表示旅行的路途远,时间长。此外,travel 还可以作动词。-13-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHEN
22、GRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9tour 指“以游览、视察、购物等为目的的旅行”,常含有“最后回到原出发点”的意思。trip 为一般用语,指“任何方式的,从事业务或游览的旅行”,往往着重于“短途旅行”,在口语中,可与 journey 互换。He got seasick during the voyage.在航行中他晕船了。He decided to make a journey to New York by air.他决定乘飞机去纽约旅行。Information on travel in New Zealand is available
23、 at the hotel.新西兰的旅行信息可以在宾馆获取。He is going to make a round-the-world tour.他要周游全球。This trip was cancelled because of the snowstorm.因为暴风雪,旅行取消了。-14-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9考点二:mercy n.仁慈;宽恕;怜悯;恩惠;幸运It was a mercy that n
24、o one was hurt in the railway accident.火车事故中没有人受伤真是幸运。考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出 mercy 的短语和意义Farmers are at the mercy of the forces of nature.农民靠天吃饭。短语:at the mercy of 意义:受所支配;任摆布They are praying God to have mercy on/upon them.他们正在祈祷上帝的怜悯。短语:have mercy on/upon 意义:对表示怜悯,同情;宽恕(某人)The general showed no mercy to the
25、 enemy.将军对敌人毫不仁慈。短语:show no mercy to 意义:对毫不仁慈The poor man went down on his knees and begged for mercy.那个可怜的人跪下来,乞求宽恕。短语:beg for mercy 意义:乞求、请求宽恕-15-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9The media attacked the president without mer
26、cy.媒体对总统进行了无情的抨击。短语:without mercy 意义:无情地即学即用用 voyage,journey,travel,tour 和 trip 填空1)Jim and his collegers are on a business .2)I would love to around the world with my friends.3)We consider life is a wonderful .4)He is in the United States on a speaking .5)They made a across the Atlantic.完成句子6)They
27、(不怜悯)on the poor father and his daughter.7)The new anxiety is the global struggle against terrorism (无情地).答案:1)trip 2)travel 3)journey 4)tour 5)voyage6)have no mercy 7)without mercy-16-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 93.This
28、seems to have been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk.(P12)这似乎已是最不冒险的、最早的也是最有用的一种探险方式。seem 为系动词,后面接不定式的完成式作表语。He seems to have accumulated a lot of books.他好像已经收集了很多书。I seemed to hear a voice in the distance.我好像听见远处有个声音。The child seems to be sleepin
29、g.这孩子看上去正在睡觉。归纳:seem 后也可以接不定式的一般式或进行式。注意 1)seem 为系动词时还可以接形容词、名词、介词短语等形式作表语-17-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9The enemy seems powerful but in fact it is weak.敌人似乎很强大,其实很弱小。It seemed a long time before my turn came.好像要很长时间才轮到
30、我。2)seem 后可以跟 as if,that 引导的表语从句It seems as if he were the host.好像他是主人。It seems that no one knew what had happened.好像没人知道发生的事。即学即用翻译句子1)除了我们,大家好像都很忙。2)我好像已经自信全无。答案:1)Everyone seems busy except us.2)I seem to have lost all my self-confidence.-18-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KE
31、TANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 94.Sea captains observed the clouds over islands.(P12)海上的船长观测岛上的云层。考点:observe v.观测,观察;观察到,注意到I observed the expression on her face when she heard the news.我观察了她听这个消息时脸上的表情。We should observe the rules and regulations.我们应该遵守规章制度。Do you observe Christ
32、mas in your country?你们国家过圣诞节吗?归纳:observe 还可以表示“遵守;庆祝”。-19-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出 observe 的短语和意义,并注意其不同The teacher observed a boy cheating in the examination and scolded him.老师看到一个男生在考试中作弊,并批评了他。短语:obse
33、rve sb doing sth 意义:观察到某人正在做某事Someone observed Tom steal from the shop.=Tom was observed to steal from the shop.汤姆被人看到从商店里偷东西。短语:observe sb do sth 意义:观察到某人做了某事,变为被动句时,作宾补的动词应改为不定式。-20-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9即学即用用所给词
34、的适当形式填空1)The scientist (observe)the stars for twenty years.2)I observed him (stop)at the gate.3)He observed a stranger (hang)around the new car.答案:1)has observed 2)stop 3)hanging-21-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 95.There wa
35、s no secure method of measuring longitude until the 17th century when the British solved this theoretical problem.(P13)直到 17 世纪英国人解决了这个理论问题后,人们才有了测量经度的可靠方法。考点:secure adj.安全的;可靠的;放心的;有把握的;牢固的The document shall be kept in a secure place.文件应保管在安全的地方。考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出 secure 的词性、短语和含(意)义He secured all the w
36、indows before he left.他走之前关紧了所有的窗户。词性:动词 含义:使安全;关紧-22-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9He secured a position in a store at US$400 a week.他在一家商店获得了一份每周四百美元的工作。词性:动词 含义:得到She feels/is secure about her future.她对自己的前途觉得安心。短语:feel
37、/be secure about.意义:对安心Now my house is secure against/from burglary.现在我的房子无被盗窃的危险。短语:be secure against/from.意义:不会遭受危险Some measures are needed to secure the farmland against shifting sand.需要采取措施使农田免遭流沙的侵袭。短语:secure sb/sth from/against.意义:使某人/物在安全(或可靠)-23-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Compreh
38、ending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9即学即用用适当的介词填空1)At last they were able to feel secure the future.2)When youre insured,youre secure loss.句型转换3)A:Can you get two tickets for the play for me?B:Can you two tickets for the play?答案:1)about 2)against/from 3)secure me-24-Section
39、Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 96.However,it was awkward to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself.(P13)但是,它不容易使用,因为其参照点之一就是行驶中的船只本身。考点:reference n.涉及,提及;参考The boss didnt make any reference to his former em
40、ployees.老板没有提及他以前的雇员。This book is for reference only.这本书仅供参考。Success seems to have little reference to merits.成功与长处似无多少关联。归纳:reference 表“关联”时,常与介词 to 连用。-25-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性、短语和含(意)义We refe
41、rred the proposal to the board of directors.我们把这一建议提交给了董事会。词性:动词 含义:把提交Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.寻找答案,请查阅书的最后一页。短语:refer to 意义:查阅,参考In his speech,he referred to the Bible several times.他在演说中好几次提到了圣经。短语:refer to 意义:谈到,提及-26-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehend
42、ing KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9即学即用完成句子1)老战士谈到了长征时的一些经历。The old soldier during the Long March.2)这些规矩只适用于儿童。These regulations .答案:1)referred to his experiences 2)refer only to children-27-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUX
43、I课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 97.The sextant was the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant which reduced the tendency to make mistakes.(P13)六分仪是星盘和象限仪的改进版,它减少了出差错的可能性。考点:tendency n.趋势;倾向Prices continue to show an upward tendency.物价呈继续上升的趋势。考点延伸 1)阅读下列句子,指出 tendency 的短语和意义My uncle has a tendency to/t
44、owards forget things.我叔叔有忘事的倾向。短语:have a tendency to/towards.意义:有的倾向2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性和含义Scientific research shows that women tend to live longer than men.科学研究表明女人比男人长寿。词性:动词 含义:趋向;倾向,易于-28-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9即学即
45、用用所给词的适当形式填空1)There is a growing (tend)for people to work at home instead of in offices.2)Usually people tend (get)fat as they grow older.答案:1)tendency 2)to get-29-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 98.It proved to be the most a
46、ccurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments.(P13)在这些早期的航海仪器中,它被证明是最精确和最为可靠的一种。考点:reliable adj.可靠的;可信赖的We all thought he was a reliable person.我们都认为他是一个可靠的人。I found this to be a reliable brand of washing machines.我觉得这是一种牌子可靠的洗衣机。考点延伸 1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性和含义Today we rely increasingly on
47、computers for help/to help us.现在我们越来越多地用电脑协助工作。词性:动词 含义:依赖-30-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 92)阅读下列句子,指出 rely on 的含义I rely on getting my money back in due time.我相信到期时可以收回我的钱。意义:相信,信任I relied on you coming back early.我期待你早归来
48、。意义:期待,指望注意 rely on 后跟 that 引导的宾语从句时,要用 it 作形式宾语You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.你可以放心,这项工作将提前完成。-31-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9即学即用完成句子1)Now that you are grown up,you should not (依靠你的父母).
49、2)You can (相信我的表)keeping time.3)The company makes (很可靠的产品).答案:1)rely on your parents 2)rely on my watch 3)a very reliable product-32-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 99.What would you do if you came across the following proble
50、ms during your voyage?(P14)在航行中如果碰到下列问题,你会做什么?考点:come across 偶然遇见;走过来We came across an old man lying on the road.我们碰见一位老人躺在路上。When I come across a new word,I put it down in my notebook.碰到一个生词,我就把它写到笔记本上。考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出 come 的其他短语和意义The event came about as he had predicted it.事情如他所预料的那样发生了。短语:come abou
51、t 意义:发生,造成When will his new novel come out?他新创作的小说将什么时候出版?短语:come out 意义:出版,发表-33-Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending KETANGSHENGRU课堂深入 晨读晚诵 KEQIANYUXI课前预习 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9He couldnt come up with an appropriate answer just at the time.那时他想不出一个合适的答案。短语:come up with 意义:提出,想出How much
52、does our bill come to this month?我们这个月的账单总计达到多少?短语:come to 意义:合计,共计;达到即学即用用适当的介词或副词完成句子1)In the library I came a very useful English grammar book.2)The teacher asked a difficult question,but finally a boy student came a good answer.3)How did the movie finally come?I couldnt wait to see the ending.4)The argument came because they were talking about politics.5)Do you know how much the bill come?答案:1)across 2)up with 3)out 4)about 5)to
